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The Reference of Project A for the Soldier’s Selection and Placement System of the PLA Tian Jianquan 2006, 14 (2):  164.  Abstract ( 2376 )   PDF (425KB) ( 2427 )   The Army's Selection And Classification Project （Project A） was a program of the U.S. Army in 1980s.The overall goal of Project A was to generate a set of scientific predictor measures and analytic methods that are necessary for developing an improved selection and classification system through which the U.S Army’s qualification can be enhanced. This paper gave a brief introduce of the background, objects, basic design, performance assessment system, predictive instruments and validity results of Project A, and a brief analyses of the necessity, probability, and basic image of the soldier’s selection and placement system of the PLA was given by the author Related Articles | Metrics

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Cognitive Ergonomical Study about Military Stress 2006, 14 (2):  169.  Abstract ( 2121 )   PDF (408KB) ( 1595 )   This paper mainly introduced the cognitive ergonomical research about military stress. It was divided into five parts: basic theory; effects of stress on cognition; methods of study; methods to cope with stresses; conclusion. In the part of methods, analysis of accidents, rivalrous game and reality stimulation were emphasized. In the part of coping, selection of persons who can cope with stress; training of the person and development of human-machine system were emphasized. It can provide possible starting for our country’s similar study Related Articles | Metrics

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Hot Topics on the Psywar Theories’ Research of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Jian Jie 2006, 14 (2):  174.  Abstract ( 2459 )   PDF (218KB) ( 3982 )   The PLA's psychological warfare research is emerged in the middle of 80s of the 20th century. Although the history is not long, it developed rapidly. Especially in some hot topic of psychological war theory and practice, it has already formed some mature theory frame and the thought viewpoint. Though there has been a certain dispute on the definition of psychological warfare connotation and extension, it still formed an view of thought, which can be expressed and widely approved. For the psychological warfare effect and psychological warfare operation mechanism, it has also formed the quite explicit understanding. People generally hold the positive attitude to the psychological warfare’s status and function; they pay more attention to research and analyze foreign army’s psychological war theory and use it for reference Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evaluation and Intervention of Military Stress Disorder Wang Jiatong;Su Heng 2006, 14 (2):  178.  Abstract ( 3119 )   PDF (434KB) ( 2394 )   This research reviews the studies about the characteristics, the evaluation, some distinguish principles, prevention and treatment of military stress disorder, and discusses the rules of military stress disorder, to provide the theoretic foundations on establishing practical and feasible prevention and treat methods, and to maintain the healthy mental state of soldiers and officers, and to boost the battle effectiveness, and to win the local war in the future Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Methods and Application of the Psychological Selection for Military Officers Zhu Xia;Liu Lianhong 2006, 14 (2):  184.  Abstract ( 1809 )   PDF (427KB) ( 2111 )   The paper describes the common various methods of the psychological selection for military officers: Personal Record, Paper-and-Pencil Psychological Instruments, Assessment Centers and Construct-Orientated Psychological Assessment; describes the development, availability and validity of these methods in military application; compares the advantage, disadvantages and developing prospects between these; and then describes the method characteristics of military officer selection in different countries Related Articles | Metrics

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Concept and Research of Information Trauma on Psychological Warfare Miao Danmin;Zhu Xia 2006, 14 (2):  190.  Abstract ( 1825 )   PDF (395KB) ( 2076 )   The information is a kind of weapon and attacks human mental that is its purpose in psychological warfare. In order to research the defence of psychological warfare better, we need to understand what is characteristics of information trauma. The paper describes the concept of information trauma, summarizes the characteristics of information trauma, analyses the effect factors on information trauma, and put forward the orientation in the future by a investigating in the period of SARS prevalence Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Morale Research Li Chunmiao 2006, 14 (2):  193.  Abstract ( 2072 )   PDF (217KB) ( 2446 )   This paper analyse and defines Morale firstly, and explores the measurement of morale by dimensions of organizational identification, quality of work and Group Cohesiveness. Then the paper discusses function and mechanism of morale, introduces the Model of Factor of Affecting Battle Effectiveness and Multilevel Model of Morale and Intent to Leave. Finally, the author sums up the problems in morale research and advances the direction of research of morale Related Articles | Metrics

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Theories and Applications of Group Cohesion Research in Military Units Zhang Jingyu;Wang Erping 2006, 14 (2):  199.  Abstract ( 2193 )   PDF (194KB) ( 2275 )   Group cohesion of military unit is of great relevance to combat effectiveness. In this article, the development of the group cohesion theory was first introduced and ended by regarding the concept as a multidimensional process classification system. Next, some research approaches and commonly used measurement were presented. Finally, some applicable implications were suggested, the deficiencies related to the research and the promising fields were also discussed Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on the Capacity of Inhibition of Return Bao Yan;Hu Kesong;Xiao Xiaoxi 2006, 14 (2):  204.  Abstract ( 1843 )   PDF (420KB) ( 2442 )   Inhibition of Return refers to the delayed response times to targets presented at the previously attended locations or objects as compared to the novel ones. It has been considered as a mechanism that biases attention towards novel locations in the visual field so as to facilitate visual searching efficiency. Since mid-1990’s, more and more studies in this field have focused on exploring the capacity of inhibition of return, i.e., how many previously cued locations can be inhibited by this mechanism. This article provides an overall review on the studies of inhibition of return at multiple locations with two major research paradigms -- the sequential cueing and simultaneous cueing paradigms. It summarizes the achievements as well as the characteristics and problems in this field and points out the possible direction for future research Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of Distractor Filtering in Preview Search Lei Xuejun;Jin Zhicheng 2006, 14 (2):  210.  Abstract ( 2096 )   PDF (425KB) ( 1720 )   Search can be facilitated by presenting one set of distractors before the second set of distractors and the target: the preview effect. The underlying mechanisms allowing the search to be restricted to the new objects were primarily explored in this preview search paradigm. A few theories had been postulated, such as the active inhibition account, the abrupt onset account, and the temporal segregation account. These theories emphasized different aspects of the phenomenon, however, any single mechanism failed to explain all phenomena. This article proposed that the future research should integrate all the existent experimental phenomena and theories, further investigate the roles of old and new objects in preview search, and mainly coordinate the active inhibition account with the abrupt onset account, which might be two sides in a continuum Related Articles | Metrics

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The Inhibitory Research in the Domain of Cognitive Development Zhao Xiaomei;Chen Yinghe 2006, 14 (2):  216.  Abstract ( 2236 )   PDF (433KB) ( 2623 )   In the past twenty years, inhibitory study has got considerable achievements in the domain of cognitive development. The present paper reviewed and analyzed the central theories, explored the relationship between inhibition and cognitive development from four aspects, cognitive development of early stage, cognitive aging, cognitive difference and the development of abnormal individual. Finally the disadvantage in current study and the perspectives of further inhibitory study are proposed Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Children’s Understanding Emotion Xu Qinmei;He Jie 2006, 14 (2):  223.  Abstract ( 3043 )   PDF (429KB) ( 6939 )   Understanding emotion becomes more and more popular in the resent two decades. Understanding emotion includes two elements: understanding emotional state, and understanding emotional process. Understanding emotional state includes expression recognition, emotion situation recognition, and understanding mixed emotion. Understanding emotional process includes understanding of emotion cause, understanding of desire and belief on emotion, knowledge of emotion display rules and understanding of emotion regulation. The method and development of understanding emotion are reviewed, and the limitations of method and content are discussed. The methods such as social cognitive neuroscience and the natural language analysis are suggested for methodological improvement. The cultural variations in children’s understanding emotion require further study and the materials should be standardized. The process and functional mechanism of understanding emotion are suggested for content improvement. The experimental research in the function of understanding emotion and the personal influencing factors of understanding emotion should be paid more attention in future Related Articles | Metrics

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The Model of Ability-Achievement Discrepancy in the Identification of Learning Disability Zhang Xiaojiang;Liu Chang;Liu Yingjie 2006, 14 (2):  229.  Abstract ( 1811 )   PDF (424KB) ( 2091 )   Analysis of the research on the model of ability-achievement discrepancy will promote the development of identification in learning disabilities. On the basis of discussing the historical context related to the discrepancy model, current research on this model is reviewed. In general, there are many disagreements about its theoretical foundation, validity and stability of this model. Future study should improve the theoretical construct, the operational definition, and the more effective identification procedures of this model Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in the Ideas and Practices of the Developing of Intelligence Zhong Jianjun;Chen Zhongyong 2006, 14 (2):  235.  Abstract ( 2345 )   PDF (425KB) ( 2428 )   On the basis of the high differentiating research of G, there have been some developing ideas and practical models of intelligence (DI), which are as the following: the developing of neural capacity, the developing of reflection and mental management, the developing of expert’s skills, the developing of multiple intelligence, the developing of social distributed cognition, the reorganization of knowledge and environment. With the development of integrating research on intelligence ,the ideas and practices of the DI will transform from the developing of intelligence factors to the developing of the whole intelligence system. It will be the important content of the theoretical and practical research that DIs are based on the relations both between intelligence and other mental structures and between the inner and outer world Related Articles | Metrics

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Relations Between Personality and Delinquency in Adolescence Zhang Chunmei;Zou Hong 2006, 14 (2):  241.  Abstract ( 2607 )   PDF (438KB) ( 6256 )   The theories on the personality factors in adolescent’s delinquency were briefly introduced, then the researches on the relations between personality and delinquency in adolescence in recent ten years were reviewed according the different personality measures in the area: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, 16 Personality Factor Test and California Personality Inventory, and Big-Five Inventories. The researches in recent five years had the trends of using person-centered method and varible-centered method at the same time, and linking personality factors with circunment factors to research personality’s effect to adolescent’s delinquency. Future research should improve personality measure and study design to deeply explore the mechanism how personality influence adolescent to delinquent Related Articles | Metrics

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The Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorder Studies Abroad Xu Huachun;Zheng Yong 2006, 14 (2):  249.  Abstract ( 1957 )   PDF (447KB) ( 3481 )   Recently, many psychologists abroad have been working in the integration of basic theories of personality structure with the studies of personality disorders. There is especially big progress in the studies of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality disorder. This paper chiefly summarize the relevant studies and discuss the possibility to use FFM into the clinical diagnosis and interventions. The directions for future research are also given at the end Related Articles | Metrics

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Theory Basis of MBTI and Its Application for Practice from Research Zeng Weixi;Zhang Jinfu 2006, 14 (2):  255.  Abstract ( 3191 )   PDF (431KB) ( 13191 )   First, analyzed the difference between MBTI and Quality assessment; pointed out the advantage of MBTI. Second, reviewed the relational study of MBTI at home and abroad, including the data of reliability, validity, and norm; revision at home and relational analysis with other scales; MBTI personality type in organization; application in organization development and team analysis, application in career guidance, teaching-learning style study and family therapy. At last, pointed out some indecent use and gave some advice Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Heart Rate Variability to Study Psychosomatic Disease and Emotion Disorder Yan Kele;Zhang Wencai;Zhang Yuejuan;Feng Wenbo;uan Lizhuang; 2006, 14 (2):  261.  Abstract ( 2233 )   PDF (409KB) ( 8196 )   The frequency analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can singly reflect the activity of sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve. HF is affected only by parasympathetic activity and LF mainly by sympathetic activity. The index plays a important role in the diagnosis of mental-somatic disease such as hypertension and coronary heart disease et al, also can be used to distinguish automatic nerve reactivity mode of different emotions. It is anticipated to diagnose different emotion disorders as a physiological indicator Related Articles | Metrics

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Violent Video Games and Aggression Zheng Hongming;Sun Yanjun 2006, 14 (2):  266.  Abstract ( 3024 )   PDF (133KB) ( 4707 )   This article reviewed the recent empirical findings concerning the effects of violent video games on aggression and the measurement method, discussed its psychological mechanism and features, and summarized the past theoretical discussion of the psychological mechanism as four stages. The meta analysis indicated that the violent video games increased the aggressive behavior, cognition, affection and the physiological arousal. Finally the limitations of the past studies and the possible research directions were discussed Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-Esteem Terror Management Theory Zhang Yangyang;Zuo Bin 2006, 14 (2):  273.  Abstract ( 2889 )   PDF (130KB) ( 5517 )   Terror Management Theory (TMT.) explains the self-esteem through the meaning and value of human beings’ life, a plenty of empirical evidence supports supported the hypotheses derived from it. This article summarizes the origin and the basic content of TMT. On the basis of the survey of the relative studies, the authors review the development of TMT in recent years. Meanwhile, the authors also present recommendations for future research Related Articles | Metrics

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Gender Stereotypes in Television Advertisements Zhong Jianan;Lou Jie,  Ye Yaorong 2006, 14 (2):  281.  Abstract ( 2271 )   PDF (125KB) ( 6064 )   At first, this article introduced the related concepts of gender stereotypes and the theoretical base of the researches on the gender stereotypes in television advertisements. The article reviewed the researches on the gender stereotypes in television advertisements from the points of view of the content analysis and audience’s response. The results of content analysis showed that despite the feminist movement for more than 20 years, the gender stereotypes in television advertisements had not been reduced yet and it was universal around the world. The results of audience’s response showed that audience’s response to the gender stereotypes in television advertisements was a complex process and was influenced by many factors, such as sex, age, level of education，feminist consciousness and so on Related Articles | Metrics

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Researches on Consumers’ Visual Attention to Print Advertisements Using Eye-Tracking Methodology Zhou Xiangxian;Jin Zhicheng 2006, 14 (2):  287.  Abstract ( 2626 )   PDF (132KB) ( 4464 )   Eye-tracking research has long held the promise of providing unprecedented insights into consumers’ attention to advertisement . The present article is a review of foreign academic research on consumers’ visual attention to print advertisements using eye-tracking methodology. In addition, the authors point out that some problems still exist in previous studies, and hope that the review will provide a steppingstone for those interested in this area Related Articles | Metrics

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Shopping Decision-Making Model: An analysis of Consumer Online Li Shuangshuang;Chen Yiwen;Li Jiangyu 2006, 14 (2):  294.  Abstract ( 2019 )   PDF (236KB) ( 13772 )   It first reviews typical decision-making models, consumers’ online shopping behavior and their decision-making types, and then explores the similarities and differences between typical decision-making models and online decision-making models. Based on three typical shopping decision-making models and four online shopping decision-making models in existence, it develops an integrated consumer decision-making model fitting to the environment of the development of e-commerce in china, and gives predictions and suggestions for the future research on consumer online shopping decision-making Related Articles | Metrics

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An Introduction of Researches and Theory of Organizational Ethics Climate Wang Yanfei;Zhu Yu 2006, 14 (2):  300.  Abstract ( 1050 )   PDF (267KB) ( 3921 )   Ethical climate is generally defined as a psychological construct that is based on the aggregation of individual perceptions of what is ethical conduct in the organization, and it consists of workers’ feelings, attitudes, and behavioral tendencies measured by their perceptions. This article discussed and analyzed the most important aspects about the theory and researches of organizational ethics climate in recent years, presenting the researches of origin of the concept, formation procedure, construct and measurement, antecedents, affecting models between ethical climate and organizational performance. The authors discussed theoretical and implications of the new research directions in our country and some suggestions for future research are raised Related Articles | Metrics

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Commentary on Impression Management and Its Relative Research Liu Juanjuan 2006, 14 (2):  309.  Abstract ( 3035 )   PDF (250KB) ( 7379 )   These years,impression management has increasingly drawn attention to sociology and psychology.It has become an important research variable.This paper reviewed the origin of the conception of impression management and its progress, introduced the status of oversea and domestic research,gave a commentary on prevenient research and make prospect for the future.It offers a new way for our country to make more research on impression management Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparing and Integrating Cultural Psychology with Across-Cultural Psychology Li Bingquan 2006, 14 (2):  315.  Abstract ( 1261 )   PDF (233KB) ( 7133 )   Both of cultural psychology and across-cultural psychology were products of the cultural turn of psychology and took account of the study of culture and called for taking culture into the sphere of psychological research. There were many similarities between them, but there existed some difference in essence. Across-cultural psychology ameliorated scientist psychology on condition that didn’t negate its basic principles or presumptions, but cultural psychology was antithesis to it, which denied the hard-core of scientist psychology from its foundation. In fact, each of them had their respective advantages and limitations, therefore, they should be integrated in psychological research in order that they would learn from other strong points to offset one’s weaknesses each other and advance together Related Articles | Metrics