ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (04): 434-441.

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ERP研究反映感数与计数的不同脑机制

罗跃嘉,南云,李红   

  1. (中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室 北京 100101) (西南师范大学心理学院,重庆 400715)
  • 收稿日期:2004-05-15 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-07-30 发布日期:2004-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 罗跃嘉

Difference of Neural Correlates between Subitizing and Counting Reflected by ERPs

Luo Yuejia,Nan Yun,Li Hong   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) (2 School of Psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715, China)
  • Received:2004-05-15 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2004-07-30 Online:2004-07-30
  • Contact: Luo Yuejia

摘要: 对于较小数目的快速准确认知的“感数”现象一直是一个引人兴趣的问题,这一感数过程到底本质是什么,它与计数过程究竟是同一种加工还是分属两种不同类别,对于这个问题多年来一直存在着争论。本实验的目的在于研究感数加工的本质,运用ERP手段来探索其与计数的不同机制;并且以分心物变量为指标,研究在有分心物呈现时,感数与计数过程将会有哪些变化以及其潜在的神经机制。对14名正常青年人记录感数与计数加工过程中的事件相关脑电位(ERP)。刺激图片由位于屏幕中心的靶(白色矩形)或者靶+分心物(白色圆形)组成,靶的数目分为感数(1-3个靶)及计数(4-6);而分心物的数目有三种水平:零(无分心物),与靶的数目相同及两倍于靶的数目。被试计算图片上白色矩形的个数并对所得数目进行奇偶判断,最后根据奇偶性用左右手进行按键反应。行为结果表明,感数与计数的反应时在靶数目之间有显著性差异,靶数目相同时,分心物越多,则被试所需要的反应时就越长。ERP测量表明P1波幅随着靶数目的增加而增大,随着分心物数目的增加而增加;N1波潜伏期随着靶数目的增加和分心物数目增加而减小,N1波幅随着靶数目和分心物的增加而增加;P3波幅随着靶数目的增加而减小,在某些记录点具有靶效应和干扰效应。研究结果提示感数加工具有明显的分心物效应,而计数加工则不然,支持感数与计数分属两种不同功能加工过程的观点,感数加工更易受到分心物出现的干扰。

关键词: 感数, 计数, 事件相关脑电位

Abstract: The event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in normal young subjects to investigate the calculational abilities with/without distractors, and shed light on the relationship of subitizing and counting. The results show that the discontinuity of the effects of the variation of distractors from the subitizing range to the counting range. The electrophysiological evidences support the idea of the two processes being implemented in different functional systems. The distractor’s number variation caused different type of ERPs waveforms in two enumeration processings. The results confirmed the argument that subitizing and counting are two functionally different processings in the brain, they can be differentiated by the different effects of the variation of distractors.

Key words: Subitizing, Counting, ERP (Event-related potential)

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