抑郁倾向对自我关注重评和情境关注重评影响的脑网络研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0232

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 抑郁倾向是介于抑郁情绪和抑郁症之间的轻度抑郁状态, 这种状态被连续诱发则会增加抑郁症的发病率。认知重评是使用广泛且有效的情绪调节策略, 可分为自我关注重评和情境关注重评, 抑郁倾向个体在这两种策略下的调节效果及脑网络特征如何变化尚不清楚。本研究采用复杂网络探讨抑郁倾向个体在自我关注重评和情境关注重评任务期间的调节效果及脑网络特征。结果发现, 抑郁倾向组在认知重评任务期间的效价评分总体上低于健康对照组, 唤醒度评分差异并不显著; 两组被试在自我关注重评和情境关注重评任务期间的聚类系数、局部效率和最大介数中心性存在显著差异; 局部脑区差异主要位于边缘叶、额叶和顶叶等。抑郁倾向组自我关注重评和情境关注重评任务脑网络的异常活动与抑郁倾向的严重程度有关。这表明, 异常的脑网络特征可能表明抑郁倾向个体认知重评功能受损, 这为预防和改善抑郁倾向症状提供新的见解。

关键词: 抑郁倾向, 认知重评, 自我关注重评, 情境关注重评, 复杂网络

Abstract: Depression inclination is the state between normal depressed mood and depression that meets clinical diagnostic criteria. If a depressed mood is continuously induced and cannot be transferred, it increases the likelihood of the development of clinical depression. Cognitive reappraisal, which includes self-focused reappraisal and situation-focused reappraisal, is the most widely used and effective emotion regulation strategy. The regulatory effects of these two strategies and the changes in brain network characteristics in individuals with an inclination towards depression are still unclear.
In this study, complex networks were used to investigate the moderating effects and brain network characteristics of individuals inclined toward depression during self-focused reappraisal and situation-focused reappraisal tasks.
The results of the cognitive reappraisal task indicated that undergraduate students inclined toward depression had lower emotional valence scores overall compared to the control group, although there was no significant difference in arousal scores. The results of the brain network analysis for the cognitive reappraisal task revealed that clustering coefficients, local efficiency, and maximum mediated centrality were significantly different between the depression inclination group and the control group; local brain area differences between the two groups of subjects were mainly located in the limbic lobe, frontal lobe and parietal lobe.
These findings suggest that abnormal topological neural mechanisms may impair negative emotion regulation in individuals with an inclination towards depression and provide new insights into the prevention and improvement of depression symptoms.

Key words: depression inclination, cognitive reappraisal, self-focused reappraisal, situation-focused reappraisal, complex network

中图分类号:

B842

孙岩, 王艺锦, 侯沛雨, 冯雪, 兰帆. (2025). 抑郁倾向对自我关注重评和情境关注重评影响的脑网络研究. 心理学报, 57(2), 232-246.

SUN Yan, WANG Yijin, HOU Peiyu, FENG Xue, LAN Fan. (2025). A brain network study on the influence of a depressive tendency on self-focused reappraisal and situation-focused reappraisal. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(2), 232-246.

参考文献

[1] Achard, S., & Bullmore, E. (2007). Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks.PLoS Computational Biology, 3(2), e17.
[2] Aldao A., Nolen-Hoeksema S., & Schweizer S. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review.Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
[3] Aleksandra M., Neil W. B., Oscar W. M., Prabhavi N. P., & Paul B. F. (2023). Alterations in EEG functional connectivity in individuals with depression: A systematic review.Journal of Affective Disorders, 328, 287-302.
[4] Anderson, M. C., & Huddleston, E. (2012). Towards a cognitive and neurobiological model of motivated forgetting.Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 58, 53-120.
[5] Arnold A. E., Protzner A. B., Bray S., Levy R. M., & Iaria G. (2014). Neural network configuration and efficiency underlies individual differences in spatial orientation ability.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(2), 380-394.
[6] Aron A. R., Robbins T. W., & Poldrack R. A. (2004). Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(4), 170-177.
[7] Balconi, M., & Mazza, G. (2009). Brain oscillations and BIS/BAS (behavioral inhibition/activation system) effects on processing masked emotional cues. ERS/ERD and coherence measures of alpha band.International Journal of Psychophysiology, 74(2), 158-165.
[8] Bebko G. M., Franconeri S. L., Ochsner K. N., & Chiao J. Y. (2011). Look before you regulate: Differential perceptual strategies underlying expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal.Emotion, 11(4), 732-742.
[9] Beck, A. T. (2008). The evolution of the cognitive model of depression and its neurobiological correlates.The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 969-977.
[10] Belden A. C., Pagliaccio D., Murphy E. R., Luby J. L., & Barch D. M. (2015). Neural activation during cognitive emotion regulation in previously depressed compared to healthy children: Evidence of specific alterations.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(9), 771-781.
[11] Benning, S. D., & Ait Oumeziane, B. (2017). Reduced positive emotion and underarousal are uniquely associated with subclinical depression symptoms: Evidence from psychophysiology, self-report, and symptom clusters.Psychophysiology, 54(7), 1010-1030.
[12] Borges A. M., Kuang J., Milhorn H., & Yi R. (2016). An alternative approach to calculating area-under-the-curve (auc) in delay discounting research.Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 106(2), 145-155.
[13] Bruder G. E., Stewart J. W., & McGrath P. J. (2017). Right brain, left brain in depressive disorders: Clinical and theoretical implications of behavioral, electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 78, 178-191.
[14] Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2009). Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(3), 186-198.
[15] Dai, Q., & Feng, Z. (2011). Dysfunctional distracter inhibition and facilitation for sad faces in depressed individuals.Psychiatry Research, 190(2-3), 206-211.
[16] Davidson R. J., Lewis D. A., Alloy L. B., Amaral D. G., Bush G., Cohen J. D.,.. Peterson B. S. (2002). Neural and behavioral substrates of mood and mood regulation.Biological Psychiatry, 52(6), 478-502.
[17] Davis E. G., Foland-Ross L. C., & Gotlib I. H. (2018). Neural correlates of top-down regulation and generation of negative affect in major depressive disorder.Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 276, 1-8.
[18] De Vico Fallani F., Astolfi L., Cincotti F., Mattia D., Tocci A., Capitanio S.,.. Babiloni F. (2007). Features extraction from time-varying cortical networks adopting a theoretical graph approach.Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007, 5198-5201.
[19] De Zorzi L., RanFaing S., Honoré J., & Sequeira H. (2021). Autonomic reactivity to emotion: A marker oF sub-clinical anxiety and depression symptoms?Psychophysiology, 58(4), e13774.
[20] Diedrich A., Grant M., Hofmann S. G., Hiller W., & Berking M. (2014). Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 43-51.
[21] Dillon, D. G., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2013). Evidence of successful modulation of brain activation and subjective experience during reappraisal of negative emotion in unmedicated depression.Psychiatry Research, 212(2), 99-107.
[22] Doré B. P., Rodrik O., Boccagno C., Hubbard A., Weber J., Stanley B.,.. Ochsner K. N. (2018). Negative autobiographical memory in depression reflects elevated amygdala-hippocampal reactivity and hippocampally associated emotion regulation.Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 3(4), 358-366.
[23] Dryman, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018). Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: A systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal.Clinical Psychology Review, 65, 17-42.
[24] Ehring T., Tuschen-Caffier B., Schnülle J., Fischer S., & Gross J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: Spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal.Emotion, 10(4), 563-572.
[25] Erk S., Mikschl A., Stier S., Ciaramidaro A., Gapp V., Weber B., & Walter H. (2010). Acute and sustained effects of cognitive emotion regulation in major depression.The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(47), 15726-15734.
[26] Fingelkurts, A. A., & Fingelkurts, A. A. (2015). Altered structure of dynamic electroencephalogram oscillatory pattern in major depression.Biological Psychiatry, 77(12), 1050-1060.
[27] Fitzgerald, P. J., & Watson, B. O. (2018). Gamma oscillations as a biomarker for major depression: An emerging topic.Translational Psychiatry, 8(1), 177.
[28] Fogel J., Eaton W. W., & Ford D. E. (2006). Minor depression as a predictor of the first onset of major depressive disorder over a 15-year follow-up.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(1), 36-43.
[29] Ford B. Q., Karnilowicz H. R., & Mauss I. B. (2017). Understanding reappraisal as a multicomponent process: The psychological health benefits of attempting to use reappraisal depend on reappraisal success.Emotion, 17(6), 905-911.
[30] Frank D. W., Dewitt M., Hudgens-Haney M., Schaeffer D. J., Ball B. H., Schwarz N. F.,.. Sabatinelli D. (2014). Emotion regulation: Quantitative meta-analysis of functional activation and deactivation.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 45, 202-211.
[31] Greco C., Matarazzo O., Cordasco G., Vinciarelli A., Callejas Z., & Esposito A. (2021). Discriminative power of EEG-based biomarkers in major depressive disorder: A systematic review.IEEE Access, 9, 112850-112870.
[32] Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review.Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299.
[33] Gross J. J.,& Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations In J J Gross (Ed), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp 3-24) New York, NY: Guilford Press.
[34] Gusnard D. A., Akbudak E., Shulman G. L., & Raichle M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(7), 4259-4264.
[35] Gyurak A., Gross J. J., & Etkin A. (2011). Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: A dual-process framework.Cognition & Emotion, 25(3), 400-412.
[36] Hampshire A., Chamberlain S. R., Monti M. M., Duncan J., & Owen A. M. (2010). The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus: Inhibition and attentional control.NeuroImage, 50(3), 1313-1319.
[37] Hasanzadeh F., Mohebbi M., & Rostami R. (2020). Graph theory analysis of directed functional brain networks in major depressive disorder based on EEG signal.Journal of Neural Engineering, 17(2), 026010.
[38] Jaworska N., Blier P., Fusee W., & Knott V. (2012). α Power, α asymmetry and anterior cingulate cortex activity in depressed males and females.Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(11), 1483-1491.
[39] John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development.Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1334.
[40] Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition.Cognition & Emotion, 24(2), 281-298.
[41] Kalisch R., Wiech K., Critchley H. D., Seymour B., O’Doherty J. P., & Oakley D. A. (2005). Anxiety reduction through detachment: Subjective, physiological, and neural effects.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(6), 874-883.
[42] Kang J.-H., Jeong J. W., Kim H. T., Kim S. H., & Kim S.-P. (2014). Representation of cognitive reappraisal goals in frontal gamma oscillations. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e113375.
[43] Kassam K. S., Markey A. R., Cherkassky V. L., Loewenstein G., & Just M. A. (2013). Identifying emotions on the basis of neural activation.PloS ONE, 8(6), e66032.
[44] Kelley W. M., Macrae C. N., Wyland C. L., Caglar S., Inati S., & Heatherton T. F. (2002). Finding the self? An event-related fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(5), 785-794.
[45] Kravitz D. J., Saleem K. S., Baker C. I., & Mishkin M. (2011). A new neural framework for visuospatial processing.Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 12(4), 217-230.
[46] Langenecker S. A., Kennedy S. E., Guidotti L. M., Briceno E. M., Own L. S., Hooven T.,.. Zubieta J. K. (2007). Frontal and limbic activation during inhibitory control predicts treatment response in major depressive disorder.Biological Psychiatry, 62(11), 1272-1280.
[47] Latora, V., & Marchiori, M. (2001). Efficient behavior of small-world networks.Physical Review Letters, 87(19), 198701.
[48] Li F., Lui S., Yao L., Ji G. J., Liao W., Sweeney J. A., & Gong Q. (2018). Altered white matter connectivity within and between networks in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(2), 409-418.
[49] Li H., Yang X. G., Zheng W. Y., & Wang C. (2019). Emotional regulation goals of young adults with depression inclination: An event-related potential study.Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(6), 637-647.
[李红, 杨小光, 郑文瑜, 王超. (2019). 抑郁倾向对个体情绪调节目标的影响——来自事件相关电位的证据.心理学报, 51(6), 637-647.]
[50] Li Y., Cao D., Wei L., Tang Y., & Wang J. (2015). Abnormal functional connectivity of EEG gamma band in patients with depression during emotional face processing.Clinical Neurophysiology, 126(11), 2078-2089.
[51] Liang X., Wang J. H., & He Y. (2010). Human connectome: Structural and functional brain networks.Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(16), 1565-1583.
[梁夏, 王金辉, 贺永. (2010). 人脑连接组研究: 脑结构网络和脑功能网络.科学通报, (16), 1565-1583.]
[52] Liang Y., Huo M., Kennison R., & Zhou R. L. (2017). The role of cognitive control in older adult cognitive reappraisal: Detached and positive reappraisal. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 11, 27.
[53] Lindsey M. R., Katherine D. M. L., James O., Jaclyn B. D., Michelle Q., Hunter P. D., & Jennifer B. (2020). Effects of a brief interpersonal conflict cognitive reappraisal intervention on improvements in access to emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in college students. Psychology & Health. 35(10), 1207-1227.
[54] Lioi G., Cury C., Perronnet L., Mano M., Bannier E., Lécuyer A., & Barillot C. (2020). Simultaneous eeg-fmri during a neurofeedback task, a brain imaging dataset for multimodal data integration.Entific Data, 7(1), 173.
[55] Liu M., Ma J., Fu C. Y., Yeo J., Xiao S. S., Xiao W. X.,.. Li Y. X. (2022). Dysfunction of emotion regulation in mild cognitive impairment individuals combined with depressive disorder: A neural mechanism study.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 884741.
[56] Liu S., Chen S. T., Huang Z. N., Liu X. Y., Li M. J., Su F. Y., Hao X. Y., & Ming D. (2022). Hypofunction of directed brain network within alpha frequency band in depressive patients: A graph-theoretic analysis.Cognitive Neurodynamics, 16(5), 1059-1071.
[57] Liu X., Li T., Tang C., Xu T., Chen P., Bezerianos A., & Wang H. (2019). Emotion recognition and dynamic functional connectivity analysis based on EEG.IEEE Access, 7, 143293-143302.
[58] Liu Y., Ren G. Q., & Qu K. J. (2023). The emotion regulation effect of cognitive reappraisal strategies on college students with depression tendency.Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, (1), 39-44.
[刘岩, 任桂琴, 曲可佳. (2023). 认知重评策略对抑郁倾向大学生的情绪调节研究.中国临床心理学杂志, (1), 39-44.]
[59] Long Z., Duan X., Wang Y., Liu F., Zeng L., Zhao J. P., & Chen H. (2015). Disrupted structural connectivity network in treatment-naive depression.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 56, 18-26.
[60] Meng C., Brandl F., Tahmasian M., Shao J., Manoliu A., Scherr M.,.. Sorg C. (2014). Aberrant topology of striatum’s connectivity is associated with the number of episodes in depression.Brain, 137(2), 598-609.
[61] Mohammadi, Y., & Moradi, M. H. (2021). Prediction of depression severity scores based on functional connectivity and complexity of the EEG signal. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 52(1), 52-60.
[62] Moser J. S., Hartwig R., Moran T. P., Jendrusina A. A., & Kross E. (2014). Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(1), 91-105.
[63] Murugappan M., Zheng B. S., & Khairunizam W. (2021). Recurrent quantification analysis-based emotion classification in stroke using electroencephalogram signals.Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 46, 9573-9588.
[64] Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249.
[65] Ochsner K. N., Ray R. D., Cooper J. C., Robertson E. R., Chopra S., Gabrieli J. D., & Gross J. J. (2004). For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down-and up-regulation of negative emotion.Neuroimage, 23(2), 483-499.
[66] Olaf S., Honey C. J., Rolf K., & Marcus K. (2007). Identification and classification of hubs in brain networks.PLoS ONE, 2(10), e1049.
[67] Peng W. Q., Luo W., & Zhou R. L. (2019). HRV evidence for the improvement of emotion regulation in university students with depression tendency by working memory training. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(6), 648-661.
[彭婉晴, 罗帏, 周仁来. (2019). 工作记忆刷新训练改善抑郁倾向大学生情绪调节能力的HRV证据.心理学报, 51(6), 648-661.]
[68] Picó-Pérez M., Radua J., Steward T., Menchón J. M., & Soriano-Mas C. (2017). Emotion regulation in mood and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of fMRI cognitive reappraisal studies.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 79(Pt B), 96-104.
[69] Pierce J. E., Haque E., & Neta M. (2022). Affective flexibility as a developmental building block of cognitive reappraisal: An fMRI study.Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 58, 101170.
[70] Qi S. Q., Li Y. P., Tang X. M., Zeng Q. H., Diao L. T., Li H., & Hu W. P. (2017). The temporal dynamics of detached versus positive reappraisal: An ERP study.Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(3), 516-527.
[71] Ramezani M., Johnsrude I., Rasoulian A., Bosma R., Tong R., Hollenstein T.,.. Abolmaesumi P. (2014). Temporal-lobe morphology differs between healthy adolescents and those with early-onset of depression.NeuroImage: Clinical, 6, 145-155.
[72] Rodríguez M. R., Nuevo R., Chatterji S., & Ayuso-Mateos J. L. (2012). Definitions and factors associated with subthreshold depressive conditions: A systematic review.BMC Psychiatry, 12, 1-7.
[73] Rolls, E. T. (2019). The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory.Brain Structure & Function, 224(9), 3001-3018.
[74] Rubinov, M., & Sporns, O. (2010). Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations.Neuroimage, 52(3), 1059-1069.
[75] Shao X., Sun S., Li J., Kong W., Zhu J., Li X., & Hu B. (2021). Analysis of functional brain network in MDD based on improved empirical mode decomposition with resting state EEG data.IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 1546-1556.
[76] Sheline Y. I., Price J. L., Yan Z., & Mintun M. A. (2010). Resting-state functional MRI in depression unmasks increased connectivity between networks via the dorsal nexus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(24), 11020-11025.
[77] Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2002). Turn down the volume or change the channel? Emotional effects of detached versus positive reappraisal.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 416-429
[78] Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). Effects of aging on experimentally instructed detached reappraisal, positive reappraisal, and emotional behavior suppression.Psychology and Aging, 24(4), 890-900.
[79] Shiota, M. N., & Levenson, R. W. (2012). Turn down the volume or change the channel? Emotional effects of detached versus positive reappraisal.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 416-429.
[80] Song P., Lin H., Liu C., Jiang Y., Lin Y., Xue Q., Xu P., & Wang Y. (2019). Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the middle frontal gyrus during attention modes induced dynamic module reconfiguration in brain networks. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 13, 22.
[81] Sullivan, S. K., & Strauss, G. P. (2017). Electrophysiological evidence for detrimental impact of a reappraisal emotion regulation strategy on subsequent cognitive control in schizophrenia.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(5), 679-693.
[82] Sun X. F., Zheng X. W., Xu Y. H., Cui L. Z., & Hu B. (2021). Major depressive disorder recognition and cognitive analysis based on multi-layer brain functional connectivity networks.arXiv -CS -Machine Learning, 2111, 01351.
[83] Sun Y., Lv J. J., Lan F., & Zhang L. N. (2020).Emotion regulation strategy of self-focused and situation-focused reappraisal and their impact on subsequent cognitive control.Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(12), 1393-1406.
[孙岩, 吕娇娇, 兰帆, 张丽娜. (2020). 自我关注重评和情境关注重评情绪调节策略及对随后认知控制的影响.心理学报, 52(12), 1393-1406.]
[84] Thiruchselvam R., Blechert J., Sheppes G., Rydstrom A., & Gross J. J. (2011). The temporal dynamics of emotion regulation: An EEG study of distraction and reappraisal.Biological Psychology, 87(1), 84-92.
[85] Tuithof M., Ten Have M., van Dorsselaer S., Kleinjan M., Beekman A., & de Graaf R. (2018). Course of subthreshold depression into a depressive disorder and its risk factors.Journal of Affective Disorders, 241, 206-215.
[86] van den Heuvel, M. P., & Hulshoff Pol, H. E. (2010). Exploring the brain network: A review on resting-state fMRI functional connectivity.European Neuropsychopharmacology, 20(8), 519-534.
[87] Wang C. F., Zhang Q., & Zhang X. X. (2021). The differences in regulatory effect and success degree of negative emotions between detached and positive cognitive reappraisals in juveniles, youths, diddle and elderly peoples.Journal of Psychological Science, 44(6), 1376-1382.
[王彩凤, 张奇, 张笑笑. (2021). 积极与分离认知重评负性情绪调节效果和成功程度的差异:青年、中老年和少年的实验结果.心理科学, 44(6), 1376-1382.]
[88] Willroth, E. C., & Hilimire, M. R. (2016). Differential effects of self-and situation-focused reappraisal.Emotion, 16(4), 468-474.
[89] Wong N. M., Liu H. L., Lin C., Huang C. M., Wai Y. Y., Lee S. H., & Lee T. M. (2016). Loneliness in late-life depression: Structural and functional connectivity during affective processing.Psychological Medicine, 46(12), 2485-2499.
[90] Zhang J., Wang J., Wu Q., Kuang W., Huang X., He Y., & Gong Q. (2011). Disrupted brain connectivity networks in drug-naive, first-episode major depressive disorder.Biological Psychiatry, 70(4), 334-342.
[91] Zhang K., Wang C. M., & Wang J. X. (2016). The Effect of Reappraisal and Distraction for Patients of Depression:ERPs Study.Psychological Exploration, (3), 245-250.
[张阔, 王春梅, 王敬欣. (2016). 抑郁症患者认知重评和分心情绪调节的有效性: ERPs研究.心理学探新, (3), 245-250.]
[92] Zhang R., Kranz G. S., Zou W., Deng Y., Huang X., Lin K., & Lee T. (2020). Rumination network dysfunction in major depression: A brain connectome study.Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 98, 109819.
[93] Zhang T., Zhao B., Shi C., Nie B., Liu H., Yang X.,.. Shan B. (2020). Subthreshold depression may exist on a spectrum with major depressive disorder: Evidence from gray matter volume and morphological brain network.Journal of Affective Disorders, 266, 243-251.
[94] Zhang W., Zou Y., Zhao F., Yang Y., Mao N., Li Y., Huang G., Yao Z., & Hu B. (2022). Brain network alterations in rectal cancer survivors with depression tendency: Evaluation with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging.Frontiers in Neurology, 13, 791298.