中国情绪调节词语库的初步编制与试用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00445

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用具有情绪调节含义的词语启动某种调节策略, 是实现情绪调节目标的重要方法。然而, 目前国内外尚缺乏标准化的情绪调节词语库, 这可能导致所选词语与目标策略不匹配以及不同实验室研究结果缺乏可比性等问题。为此, 我们对多种情绪调节词语进行筛选、分类和评定, 建立了一个标准化的情绪调节词语库, 并通过实验验证其效用。首先, 对情绪调节词语与多种情绪调节策略的相关程度进行评定; 根据结果对词语进行筛选和分类, 建立词语库, 并进一步对词语属性进行评定。其次, 使用句子整理范式, 检验词语库中的词语所诱发的内隐情绪调节策略对负性情绪的调节作用。结果显示：(1) 149个情绪调节词汇纳入词语库中, 可以较好地反映5种情绪调节目标(接受、注意分散、认知重评、表达抑制和表情宣泄)与中性目标; 词语库具有较好的信度与内部一致性。(2)内隐认知重评、表达抑制策略调节了负性情绪效价和唤醒度, 内隐注意分散策略降低了负性情绪唤醒度。这说明词语库可靠性较高, 其中材料可用于情绪调节目标的实现。

关键词: 内隐情绪调节, 情绪调节词语库, 情绪调节策略, 认知重评, 句子整理任务

Abstract:

Implicit emotion regulation has become a hotspot of emotion regulation research recently. However, currently there is no standardized emotion regulation word system for researchers in the field of implicit emotion regulation. The purpose of this study is to establish a Chinese Emotion Regulation Word System (CERWS) by multi-dimensional ratings and analysis of emotional regulation words, and then to verify the effectiveness of the system by experiments.
In Study 1, two hundred and twenty-six emotion regulation words (N = 226) were selected as preliminary materials by group discussion. Among them, 176 were judged as emotion regulation words that corresponded to five commonly used strategies (acceptance, distraction, venting, suppression and reappraisal) and 50 as neutral words. One hundred and twenty-eight participants (N = 128) rated the representativeness of words on five emotion regulation strategies. To ensure that the selected words are not mixed in strategic meanings, the words that exclusively represent one regulatory strategy or neutral meanings were selected into CERWS as emotion regulation words or neutral words, respectively. The words of CERWS were further rated by participants on the dimensions of valence, arousal, dominance, motivational tendency, familiarity and spelling complexity (N = 128). Thirty participants were randomly selected and retested one month later (N = 30).
In Study 2, the emotion regulation effect of words in CERWS was further investigated. The regulatory effect of 5 strategies of CERWS on negative emotion was tested using a typical implicit emotion regulation paradigm (sentence unscrambling task). One hundred and ninety-six participants (N = 196) were involved in Study 2, who were divided into six groups (five implicit emotion regulation groups and one control group). Before viewing neutral and disgust pictures, the participants in implicit emotion regulation groups were required to complete the sentence unscrambling tasks to prime the emotion regulation strategy, while the participants in the control group were required to complete the sentence unscrambling task that was unrelated to emotion regulation.
The CERWS was established in Study 1. One hundred and forty-nine emotion regulation words (N = 149) were selected into 6 groups (acceptance, distraction, venting, suppression, reappraisal and neutral) of CERWS. Comparing the attributes of emotion regulation words with those of neutral words, we found that five emotion regulation strategies had different affective connotation. For example, acceptance strategy was characterized by high pleasure, high dominance, high approach tendency and low arousal. In terms of gender differences, males were more pleasant with the words of distraction strategy, while females were more familiar with the words of acceptance strategy. The test-retest reliability was more than 0.7 after one month. The Cronbach’s α coefficients and Kendall’s coefficients of concordance of CERWS fit with relevant criteria. Moreover, results of Study 2 showed that implicit reappraisal and implicit suppression strategies decreased the emotional valence and arousal ratings significantly, and implicit distraction strategy decreased the emotional arousal ratings significantly.
In conclusion, this study has established a standardized emotion regulation words system with good reliability. Moreover, this study has verified the regulatory effect of implicit reappraisal, suppression and distraction strategies on negative emotions, which provides a reference for the future use of the system.

Key words: implicit emotion regulation, Chinese Emotion Regulation Word System (CERWS), emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal, sentence unscrambling task

中图分类号:

B842

袁加锦, 张祎程, 陈圣栋, 罗利, 茹怡珊. (2021). 中国情绪调节词语库的初步编制与试用. 心理学报, 53(5), 445-455.

YUAN Jiajin, ZHANG Yicheng, CHEN Shengdong, LUO Li, RU Yishan. (2021). The establishment of Chinese Emotion Regulation Word System (CERWS) and its pilot test. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(5), 445-455.

图/表 14

参考文献 39

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	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度	趋向度	拼写复杂度	熟悉度
接受	5.89	4.58	5.43	6.52	3.59	7.06
包容	6.54	4.70	6.01	6.87	3.56	6.95
接纳	6.41	4.56	5.95	6.84	4.00	6.82
坦然	7.10	4.42	6.21	7.50	3.80	6.73
容纳	5.95	4.35	5.80	6.66	3.96	6.54
自然	6.97	4.31	6.48	7.45	3.47	7.49
接收	5.76	4.61	5.43	6.29	3.74	6.93
允许	5.91	4.91	6.02	6.21	2.92	7.16
海纳百川	6.81	4.38	6.38	7.34	4.08	6.77
自然而然	6.53	3.79	6.08	7.18	3.96	7.04
兼容并包	6.54	4.37	6.13	7.09	4.55	5.84
顺其自然	6.55	3.81	6.02	7.06	4.27	7.15
随遇而安	6.33	3.85	5.91	6.74	4.63	7.13
泰然处之	6.76	3.74	6.20	7.21	4.52	6.40
处变不惊	6.79	4.10	6.15	7.13	3.85	6.56
从容不迫	6.91	3.95	6.39	7.38	3.45	6.99
安之若素	6.29	3.55	6.17	6.75	4.12	5.84
镇定自若	6.34	3.72	6.27	6.72	4.59	6.66
来者不拒	4.89	5.13	5.58	4.95	3.91	6.52

	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度	趋向度	拼写复杂度	熟悉度
接受	5.89	4.58	5.43	6.52	3.59	7.06
包容	6.54	4.70	6.01	6.87	3.56	6.95
接纳	6.41	4.56	5.95	6.84	4.00	6.82
坦然	7.10	4.42	6.21	7.50	3.80	6.73
容纳	5.95	4.35	5.80	6.66	3.96	6.54
自然	6.97	4.31	6.48	7.45	3.47	7.49
接收	5.76	4.61	5.43	6.29	3.74	6.93
允许	5.91	4.91	6.02	6.21	2.92	7.16
海纳百川	6.81	4.38	6.38	7.34	4.08	6.77
自然而然	6.53	3.79	6.08	7.18	3.96	7.04
兼容并包	6.54	4.37	6.13	7.09	4.55	5.84
顺其自然	6.55	3.81	6.02	7.06	4.27	7.15
随遇而安	6.33	3.85	5.91	6.74	4.63	7.13
泰然处之	6.76	3.74	6.20	7.21	4.52	6.40
处变不惊	6.79	4.10	6.15	7.13	3.85	6.56
从容不迫	6.91	3.95	6.39	7.38	3.45	6.99
安之若素	6.29	3.55	6.17	6.75	4.12	5.84
镇定自若	6.34	3.72	6.27	6.72	4.59	6.66
来者不拒	4.89	5.13	5.58	4.95	3.91	6.52

	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度	趋向度	拼写复杂度	熟悉度
分散	4.63	5.03	5.03	4.19	3.72	6.18
分心	3.45	5.05	4.67	3.43	2.59	6.65
发散	5.22	4.77	5.20	4.81	4.02	5.75
离开	3.77	5.71	5.21	3.45	3.88	6.63
转移	4.93	5.10	5.08	4.56	4.25	6.16
转化	5.33	5.05	5.25	5.16	3.98	5.80
迁移	4.94	5.17	5.09	4.61	4.04	5.43
脱离	4.27	5.63	4.99	3.84	4.55	5.91
转变	5.64	5.33	5.59	5.30	4.09	6.49
分神	3.55	5.09	4.81	3.23	3.41	6.44
远离	3.51	5.77	4.77	3.20	4.02	6.41
走开	3.16	5.61	4.89	3.48	2.81	6.80
一心二用	3.66	5.36	5.07	3.77	2.48	6.77

	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度	趋向度	拼写复杂度	熟悉度
分散	4.63	5.03	5.03	4.19	3.72	6.18
分心	3.45	5.05	4.67	3.43	2.59	6.65
发散	5.22	4.77	5.20	4.81	4.02	5.75
离开	3.77	5.71	5.21	3.45	3.88	6.63
转移	4.93	5.10	5.08	4.56	4.25	6.16
转化	5.33	5.05	5.25	5.16	3.98	5.80
迁移	4.94	5.17	5.09	4.61	4.04	5.43
脱离	4.27	5.63	4.99	3.84	4.55	5.91
转变	5.64	5.33	5.59	5.30	4.09	6.49
分神	3.55	5.09	4.81	3.23	3.41	6.44
远离	3.51	5.77	4.77	3.20	4.02	6.41
走开	3.16	5.61	4.89	3.48	2.81	6.80
一心二用	3.66	5.36	5.07	3.77	2.48	6.77

	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度	趋向度	拼写复杂度	熟悉度
揭露	4.37	5.82	5.52	4.76	5.34	5.83
疏通	5.66	4.72	5.38	5.95	5.02	6.01
释放	6.52	4.84	5.89	6.52	4.75	6.42
发表	6.02	5.37	6.08	6.25	3.58	6.66
表达	5.86	5.04	6.28	6.29	3.38	7.01
表现	5.75	5.28	6.02	6.08	3.66	7.05
表露	5.95	5.30	5.84	5.91	4.82	6.00
展开	5.54	4.73	5.84	5.87	3.63	6.74
抒发	6.50	5.15	6.33	6.65	3.62	6.47
展露	5.72	5.02	5.78	5.91	4.66	5.88
显示	5.59	4.77	5.63	5.88	3.19	6.78
爆发	5.14	6.75	5.73	4.55	5.12	6.52
怒放	5.85	6.55	5.95	5.38	4.47	5.92
不能自已	4.22	6.11	4.16	4.10	3.40	6.39
喜不自胜	5.71	6.45	5.01	5.41	4.02	5.91
不由自主	5.04	6.10	4.56	4.85	3.17	6.82
按捺不住	4.73	6.30	4.64	4.17	4.80	6.38
怒火冲天	3.29	6.93	4.30	3.06	4.27	6.37
情不自禁	5.24	6.32	4.52	4.88	4.59	7.12
忍无可忍	3.53	6.82	4.34	3.45	3.98	6.80
拍案而起	4.02	6.91	5.09	3.93	4.61	5.87
不顾一切	4.72	6.69	4.95	4.16	3.66	6.64
喜形于色	5.55	6.18	5.05	4.71	4.17	6.34
怒发冲冠	3.77	7.17	4.72	3.34	4.98	6.29
嚎啕大哭	3.52	6.87	4.70	3.30	5.79	6.59
揭竿而起	4.73	6.65	5.39	4.02	5.18	5.69
以牙还牙	4.18	6.48	5.54	4.12	3.25	6.23
针锋相对	4.05	6.58	5.38	3.89	4.85	6.49
以眼还眼	4.21	6.41	5.54	4.02	4.23	5.90
报仇雪耻	4.91	6.66	5.73	4.27	5.02	6.16