心理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 25-39.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00025
收稿日期:
2020-10-30
出版日期:
2022-01-25
发布日期:
2021-11-26
通讯作者:
刘文
E-mail:wenliu703@126.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Ni1, LIU Wen1(), LIU Fang2, GUO Xin1
Received:
2020-10-30
Online:
2022-01-25
Published:
2021-11-26
Contact:
LIU Wen
E-mail:wenliu703@126.com
摘要:
探讨8~12岁学龄儿童抑郁与认知重评情绪调节策略的关系及其作用机制。研究1采用问卷法和行为实验法分别考察儿童抑郁对认知重评策略使用倾向和使用能力的作用; 研究2结合眼动技术考察对情绪信息注意偏向在儿童抑郁和认知重评关系间的中介作用。结果发现:(1) 抑郁与儿童认知重评使用倾向间存在显著负相关; (2) 抑郁对儿童负性情绪向下调节的重评效果有显著影响; (3) 悲伤面孔注意解除困难在抑郁与认知重评使用倾向之间起中介作用。
中图分类号:
张妮, 刘文, 刘方, 郭鑫. (2022). 8~12岁儿童抑郁与认知重评的关系:悲伤面孔注意偏向的中介作用. 心理学报, 54(1), 25-39.
ZHANG Ni, LIU Wen, LIU Fang, GUO Xin. (2022). Relationship between depression and cognitive reappraisal in 8-12 years old children: The mediating role of attention bias toward sad expression. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(1), 25-39.
变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1性别 | — | — | 1 | |||
2年龄 | 10.09 | 1.21 | -0.02 | 1 | ||
3抑郁 | 13.79 | 8.44 | -0.13** | -0.03 | 1 | |
4认知重评使用倾向 | 30.15 | 6.92 | 0.04 | -0.10* | -0.27*** | 1 |
5焦虑 | 22.19 | 13.14 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.51*** | -0.12* |
表1 各变量描述统计及相关分析(N = 461)
变量 | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1性别 | — | — | 1 | |||
2年龄 | 10.09 | 1.21 | -0.02 | 1 | ||
3抑郁 | 13.79 | 8.44 | -0.13** | -0.03 | 1 | |
4认知重评使用倾向 | 30.15 | 6.92 | 0.04 | -0.10* | -0.27*** | 1 |
5焦虑 | 22.19 | 13.14 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.51*** | -0.12* |
模型 | 预测变量 | 回归系数显著性 | 整体拟合指标 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | t | R | R2 | ∆ R2 | ||
模型1 | 性别 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.16 | 0.026 | |
年龄 | -0.10 | -2.21* | ||||
焦虑 | -0.13 | -2.70** | ||||
模型2 | 性别 | -0.01 | -0.13 | 0.29 | 0.084 | 0.058*** |
年龄 | -0.10 | -2.32* | ||||
焦虑 | 0.02 | 0.46 | ||||
抑郁 | -0.29 | -5.35*** |
表2 抑郁对认知重评使用倾向作用的线性回归结果(N = 461)
模型 | 预测变量 | 回归系数显著性 | 整体拟合指标 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | t | R | R2 | ∆ R2 | ||
模型1 | 性别 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.16 | 0.026 | |
年龄 | -0.10 | -2.21* | ||||
焦虑 | -0.13 | -2.70** | ||||
模型2 | 性别 | -0.01 | -0.13 | 0.29 | 0.084 | 0.058*** |
年龄 | -0.10 | -2.32* | ||||
焦虑 | 0.02 | 0.46 | ||||
抑郁 | -0.29 | -5.35*** |
分组 | 各组平均 年龄M (SD) | 总人数 (男/女) | 抑郁得分 M (SD) | 焦虑得分 M (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
高抑郁组 | 9.77 (1.05) | 37 (25/12) | 23.84 (3.92) | 14.60 (6.40) |
低抑郁组 | 10.07 (1.22) | 39 (20/19) | 3.81 (2.35) | 15.30 (5.84) |
t或χ2 | -1.17 | 3.88 | 27.15*** | -0.49 |
表3 高、低抑郁组被试基本信息(N = 76)
分组 | 各组平均 年龄M (SD) | 总人数 (男/女) | 抑郁得分 M (SD) | 焦虑得分 M (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
高抑郁组 | 9.77 (1.05) | 37 (25/12) | 23.84 (3.92) | 14.60 (6.40) |
低抑郁组 | 10.07 (1.22) | 39 (20/19) | 3.81 (2.35) | 15.30 (5.84) |
t或χ2 | -1.17 | 3.88 | 27.15*** | -0.49 |
刺激类型 | 高抑郁组 | 低抑郁组 | 总体 |
---|---|---|---|
正性观看 | 4.03 (1.45) | 3.53 (1.77) | 3.77 (1.63) |
中性观看 | 2.61 (3.51) | 2.34 (2.90) | 2.47 (3.19) |
负性观看 | 4.18 (1.24) | 4.76 (1.25) | 4.48 (1.27) |
正性向上 | 4.76 (1.41) | 4.42 (1.64) | 4.59 (1.53) |
负性向下 | 3.96 (1.33) | 3.72 (1.45) | 3.84 (1.39) |
表4 情绪刺激唤醒度评分M (SD) (N = 76)
刺激类型 | 高抑郁组 | 低抑郁组 | 总体 |
---|---|---|---|
正性观看 | 4.03 (1.45) | 3.53 (1.77) | 3.77 (1.63) |
中性观看 | 2.61 (3.51) | 2.34 (2.90) | 2.47 (3.19) |
负性观看 | 4.18 (1.24) | 4.76 (1.25) | 4.48 (1.27) |
正性向上 | 4.76 (1.41) | 4.42 (1.64) | 4.59 (1.53) |
负性向下 | 3.96 (1.33) | 3.72 (1.45) | 3.84 (1.39) |
情绪调节效应 | 高抑郁组 | 低抑郁组 |
---|---|---|
正性情绪向上调节 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
负性情绪向下调节 | 0.13 | 0.77 |
表5 不同情绪刺激即时调节效应的效应量(Cohen’s d)
情绪调节效应 | 高抑郁组 | 低抑郁组 |
---|---|---|
正性情绪向上调节 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
负性情绪向下调节 | 0.13 | 0.77 |
调节类型 | 抑郁组别 | 男 | 女 | 总体 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
正性情绪 | 高 | 20.69 | 24.33 | 26.98 | 41.27 | 22.73 | 30.40 |
调节效应 | 低 | 28.78 | 72.34 | 30.91 | 51.98 | 29.82 | 62.43 |
总 | 24.29 | 50.98 | 29.39 | 47.43 | 26.37 | 49.31 | |
负性情绪 | 高 | -2.87 | 32.85 | 4.74 | 33.32 | -0.40 | 32.73 |
调节效应 | 低 | 21.47 | 23.89 | 18.12 | 15.32 | 19.84 | 19.98 |
总 | 7.95 | 31.38 | 12.94 | 24.32 | 9.98 | 28.64 |
表6 即时调节效应的描述统计(N = 76)
调节类型 | 抑郁组别 | 男 | 女 | 总体 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
正性情绪 | 高 | 20.69 | 24.33 | 26.98 | 41.27 | 22.73 | 30.40 |
调节效应 | 低 | 28.78 | 72.34 | 30.91 | 51.98 | 29.82 | 62.43 |
总 | 24.29 | 50.98 | 29.39 | 47.43 | 26.37 | 49.31 | |
负性情绪 | 高 | -2.87 | 32.85 | 4.74 | 33.32 | -0.40 | 32.73 |
调节效应 | 低 | 21.47 | 23.89 | 18.12 | 15.32 | 19.84 | 19.98 |
总 | 7.95 | 31.38 | 12.94 | 24.32 | 9.98 | 28.64 |
变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 sex | 1 | ||||||||||||
2 age | -0.05 | 1 | |||||||||||
3 Anx | -0.01 | -0.05 | 1 | ||||||||||
4 DE | -0.12 | 0.02 | 0.42*** | 1 | |||||||||
5 CR | 0.13 | 0.06 | -0.43*** | -0.61*** | 1 | ||||||||
6 puCR | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.05 | -0.10 | -0.02 | 1 | |||||||
7 ndCR | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.10 | 0.06 | -0.01 | 1 | ||||||
8 TsAB | -0.09 | -0.27* | 0.05 | 0.17 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 1 | |||||
9 TpAB | -0.01 | -0.10 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.005 | -0.15 | -0.07 | 0.15 | 1 | ||||
10 DsAB | -0.06 | 0.23* | 0.02 | 0.06 | -0.11 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1 | |||
11 DpAB | -0.01 | 0.14 | 0.25* | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.08 | 0.07 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.01 | 1 | ||
12 TTsAB | -0.17 | 0.003 | 0.23* | 0.40*** | -0.43*** | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.26* | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 1 | |
13 TTpAB | 0.04 | 0.18 | -0.23* | -0.20 | 0.15 | -0.06 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | -0.63*** | 1 |
M | — | 9.99 | 21.80 | 11.71 | 30.27 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.49 | 0.52 |
SD | — | 1.34 | 15.15 | 7.99 | 7.08 | 0.57 | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
表7 各变量的相关分析表(N = 78)
变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 sex | 1 | ||||||||||||
2 age | -0.05 | 1 | |||||||||||
3 Anx | -0.01 | -0.05 | 1 | ||||||||||
4 DE | -0.12 | 0.02 | 0.42*** | 1 | |||||||||
5 CR | 0.13 | 0.06 | -0.43*** | -0.61*** | 1 | ||||||||
6 puCR | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.05 | -0.10 | -0.02 | 1 | |||||||
7 ndCR | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.10 | 0.06 | -0.01 | 1 | ||||||
8 TsAB | -0.09 | -0.27* | 0.05 | 0.17 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 1 | |||||
9 TpAB | -0.01 | -0.10 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.005 | -0.15 | -0.07 | 0.15 | 1 | ||||
10 DsAB | -0.06 | 0.23* | 0.02 | 0.06 | -0.11 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1 | |||
11 DpAB | -0.01 | 0.14 | 0.25* | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.08 | 0.07 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.01 | 1 | ||
12 TTsAB | -0.17 | 0.003 | 0.23* | 0.40*** | -0.43*** | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.26* | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 1 | |
13 TTpAB | 0.04 | 0.18 | -0.23* | -0.20 | 0.15 | -0.06 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | -0.63*** | 1 |
M | — | 9.99 | 21.80 | 11.71 | 30.27 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.49 | 0.52 |
SD | — | 1.34 | 15.15 | 7.99 | 7.08 | 0.57 | 0.29 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
结果变量 | 预测变量 | 回归系数显著性 | 整体拟合指标 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | t | R | R2 | F | ||
TTsAB | 焦虑 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 7.26** |
抑郁 | 0.36 | 3.13** | ||||
认知重评使用倾向 | 焦虑 | -0.19 | -2.02* | 0.67 | 0.42 | 19.83*** |
抑郁 | -0.45 | -4.41*** | ||||
TTsAB | -0.21 | -2.22* |
表8 模型中各研究变量关系的回归分析(N = 78)
结果变量 | 预测变量 | 回归系数显著性 | 整体拟合指标 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | t | R | R2 | F | ||
TTsAB | 焦虑 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 7.26** |
抑郁 | 0.36 | 3.13** | ||||
认知重评使用倾向 | 焦虑 | -0.19 | -2.02* | 0.67 | 0.42 | 19.83*** |
抑郁 | -0.45 | -4.41*** | ||||
TTsAB | -0.21 | -2.22* |
效应 | 效应值 | Boot标准误 | 95%下限 | 95%上限 | 占总效应比率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总效应 | -0.52 | 0.10 | -0.72 | -0.33 | |
直接效应 | -0.45 | 0.10 | -0.65 | -0.25 | |
间接效应 | -0.08 | 0.03 | -0.14 | -0.03 | 15.38% |
表9 注意偏向的中介效应分析
效应 | 效应值 | Boot标准误 | 95%下限 | 95%上限 | 占总效应比率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总效应 | -0.52 | 0.10 | -0.72 | -0.33 | |
直接效应 | -0.45 | 0.10 | -0.65 | -0.25 | |
间接效应 | -0.08 | 0.03 | -0.14 | -0.03 | 15.38% |
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