8~12岁儿童抑郁与认知重评的关系：悲伤面孔注意偏向的中介作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨8~12岁学龄儿童抑郁与认知重评情绪调节策略的关系及其作用机制。研究1采用问卷法和行为实验法分别考察儿童抑郁对认知重评策略使用倾向和使用能力的作用; 研究2结合眼动技术考察对情绪信息注意偏向在儿童抑郁和认知重评关系间的中介作用。结果发现：(1) 抑郁与儿童认知重评使用倾向间存在显著负相关; (2) 抑郁对儿童负性情绪向下调节的重评效果有显著影响; (3) 悲伤面孔注意解除困难在抑郁与认知重评使用倾向之间起中介作用。

关键词: 儿童, 抑郁, 认知重评使用倾向, 认知重评使用能力, 悲伤面孔注意偏向

Abstract:

As a typical negative emotion, depression significantly affects the development of an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social functions. Cognitive impairment is common in depressed individuals with its main characteristic being emotional disorder. Based on Beck’s cognitive theory of depression and Gross’s progress model of emotion regulation, the current study explored the relationship between depression and cognitive reappraisal strategies and its mechanism in children aged 8~12 years.
Study 1a measured depression, anxiety, and the tendency of daily using cognitive reappraisal strategy in 504 children through a questionnaire. After controlling gender, age and anxiety, the relationship between childhood depression and the tendency of using cognitive reappraisal was investigated. Following the suspected depression screening criteria, Study 1b selected 43 children as the high depression group from Study 1a and matched them with another 43 children as the low depression group. There was no difference in gender, age, and anxiety level between the two groups. Then a behavioral experiment was conducted on these 86 children to measure the ability of using cognitive reappraisal. The purpose was to explore the effect of childhood depression on the ability. Study 2 further explored this topic by randomly selecting 90 children and assessing their depression, the tendency and the ability using cognitive reappraisal, and attention bias to emotional faces combined with eye movement technology. The purpose is to investigate the role of attention bias in the relationship between depression and the two aspects of cognitive reappraisal.
The results showed that: (1) depression has significant negative association with the use tendency of using cognitive reappraisal among 8-12 years old children; (2) for the reappraisal effect of the up-regulation of positive emotion in children, the main effects of depression, gender, and the interaction between them are not significant; for the reappraisal effect of the down-regulation of negative emotion, the main effect of depression was significant, but the main effects of gender and depression-gender interaction were not significant; (3) depression has significant positive association with total gazing time bias score of sad faces, and the total gazing time bias score of sad faces played a mediating role between children's depression and the tendency of using cognitive reappraisal. The hypotheses of this study were well verified by these results.
The present study revealed the influence of depression on cognitive and emotional functions among school-age children, and also supported the view of previous studies that the attentional disengagement of sad emotional stimuli is the attention bias component that more closely related to depression, rather than the original attentional orientation. In addition, depression can indirectly influence the daily use of cognitive reappraisal strategy in children through the attention bias for sad expression.

Key words: children, depression, the tendency of using cognitive reappraisal, the ability of using cognitive reappraisal, attention bias to sad faces

张妮, 刘文, 刘方, 郭鑫. (2022). 8~12岁儿童抑郁与认知重评的关系：悲伤面孔注意偏向的中介作用. 心理学报, 54(1), 25-39.

ZHANG Ni, LIU Wen, LIU Fang, GUO Xin. (2022). Relationship between depression and cognitive reappraisal in 8-12 years old children: The mediating role of attention bias toward sad expression. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(1), 25-39.

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参考文献 66

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4
1性别	—	—	1
2年龄	10.09	1.21	-0.02	1
3抑郁	13.79	8.44	-0.13^**	-0.03	1
4认知重评使用倾向	30.15	6.92	0.04	-0.10^*	-0.27^***	1
5焦虑	22.19	13.14	0.08	0.05	0.51^***	-1.12^*

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4
1性别	—	—	1
2年龄	10.09	1.21	-0.02	1
3抑郁	13.79	8.44	-0.13^**	-0.03	1
4认知重评使用倾向	30.15	6.92	0.04	-0.10^*	-0.27^***	1
5焦虑	22.19	13.14	0.08	0.05	0.51^***	-1.12^*

模型	预测变量	回归系数显著性		整体拟合指标
模型	预测变量	Beta	t	R	R²	∆ R²
模型1	性别	0.04	0.94	0.16	0.026
	年龄	-0.10	-2.21^*
	焦虑	-0.13	-2.70^**
模型2	性别	-0.01	-0.13	0.29	0.084	0.058^***
	年龄	-0.10	-2.32^*
	焦虑	0.02	0.46
	抑郁	-0.29	-5.35^***

模型	预测变量	回归系数显著性		整体拟合指标
模型	预测变量	Beta	t	R	R²	∆ R²
模型1	性别	0.04	0.94	0.16	0.026
	年龄	-0.10	-2.21^*
	焦虑	-0.13	-2.70^**
模型2	性别	-0.01	-0.13	0.29	0.084	0.058^***
	年龄	-0.10	-2.32^*
	焦虑	0.02	0.46
	抑郁	-0.29	-5.35^***

分组	各组平均年龄M (SD)	总人数 (男/女)	抑郁得分 M (SD)	焦虑得分 M (SD)
高抑郁组	9.77 (1.05)	37 (25/12)	23.84 (3.92)	14.60 (6.40)
低抑郁组	10.07 (1.22)	39 (20/19)	3.81 (2.35)	15.30 (5.84)
t或χ²	-1.17	3.88	27.15^***	-0.49