亲子孝道观念冲突与青少年子女抑郁的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孝道是维系家庭关系的基本准则, 对子女心理健康具有重要影响。但家庭中父母和子女的孝道观念可能存在冲突, 其对子女的心理意义尚未可知。本文探讨了亲子孝道观念冲突与青少年子女抑郁的关系, 并关注不同亲子性别组合间的差异。基于对3321名青少年及其父亲和母亲的间隔2年的问卷调查纵向数据, 采用多项式回归和响应面分析方法得到如下结果：(1)当父母和子女孝道观念不存在冲突时, 相互性和权威性孝道的水平对子女抑郁不具有预测作用。(2)当父母和子女孝道观念存在冲突时, 与父亲在相互性和权威性孝道上的冲突对儿子的抑郁水平有消极预测作用, 与父亲及母亲在相互性和权威性孝道上的冲突对女儿的抑郁水平有消极预测作用。这表明, 当亲子间在孝道上不存在冲突时, 孝道本身的类型及水平与子女抑郁无关, 但儿子与父亲以及女儿与父母在孝道上的冲突则可能诱发子女抑郁。

关键词: 孝道, 观念冲突, 青少年抑郁, 性别差异, 响应面分析

Abstract:

As one of the core values of Chinese culture, filial piety is an important value norm for maintaining parent‒child relationships and supporting family functioning, which has an important impact on the well-being of children. The value of filial piety may be conflictive between the parents and children in a family, and its psychological influences on children are unknown. Given that depression is a prominent and frequent emotional problem in adolescents and that family pressure stemming from the parent‒child relationship is a major risk factor for adolescent depression, this study aimed to explore the relationship between parent‒child value conflict in filial piety and adolescent depression. Given that adolescents tend to take their same-sex parents as role models, parent and child gender differences were also considered.
Longitudinal data from 3321 adolescents (1692 boys, 1629 girls; average age = 10.87 ± 0.36 years) and their fathers and mothers were collected when the adolescents were in 5th and 7th grades. In the first wave, after providing informed consent, both the adolescents and their fathers and mothers reported their concept of filial piety. In the second wave, both adolescents and their fathers and mothers reported their levels of depression. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were used to explore the relationship between parent‒child value conflict in filial piety and adolescent depression. SPSS 22.0, Mplus 7.1, and MATLAB 2022b were used to analyze the data.
The results revealed that (1) when parents’ and adolescents’ filial piety were not conflictive, the levels of fathers’ and sons’ reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety, mothers’ and sons’ reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety, fathers’ and daughters’ reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety and mothers’ and daughters’ reciprocal filial piety and authoritarian filial piety did not significantly predict adolescents’ depression. (2) When parents’ and adolescents’ filial piety were conflictive, the direction of value conflict between fathers’ and sons’ reciprocal filial piety predicted the sons’ depression. The direction of value conflict between fathers’ and daughters’ reciprocal filial piety, fathers’ and daughters’ authoritarian filial piety, mothers’ and daughters’ reciprocal filial piety and mothers’ and daughters’ authoritarian filial piety predicted the daughters’ depression. Moreover, the degree of value conflict between fathers’ and sons’ authoritarian filial piety predicted sons’ depression. The degree of value conflict between fathers’ and daughters’ authoritarian filial piety, mothers’ and daughters’ reciprocal filial piety and mothers’ and daughters’ authoritarian filial piety predicted the daughters’ depression.
The results indicate that when parents and children reach a consensus on filial piety, the type and level of filial piety are not related to adolescents’ depression, but the value conflict between fathers’ and sons’ filial piety and parents’ and daughters’ filial piety may induce adolescents’ depression.

Key words: filial piety, value conflict, adolescent depression, gender difference, response surface analysis

中图分类号:

B844

郭筱琳, 张艺凡, 关岳琳, 罗良. (2025). 亲子孝道观念冲突与青少年子女抑郁的关系. 心理学报, 57(1), 58-70.

GUO Xiaolin, ZHANG Yifan, GUAN Yuelin, LUO Liang. (2025). The associations between parent-child value conflict in filial piety and adolescent depressive symptoms. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(1), 58-70.

图/表 10

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		父母
			高孝道观念		低孝道观念
子女	高孝道观念	①	亲子孝道观念不存在冲突	③	亲子孝道观念存在冲突
	高孝道观念	①	父母高−子女高	③	父母低−子女高
	低孝道观念	②	亲子孝道观念存在冲突	④	亲子孝道观念不存在冲突
	低孝道观念	②	父母高−子女低	④	父母低−子女低

		父母
			高孝道观念		低孝道观念
子女	高孝道观念	①	亲子孝道观念不存在冲突	③	亲子孝道观念存在冲突
	高孝道观念	①	父母高−子女高	③	父母低−子女高
	低孝道观念	②	亲子孝道观念存在冲突	④	亲子孝道观念不存在冲突
	低孝道观念	②	父母高−子女低	④	父母低−子女低

变量	M (SD)		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
变量	男生	女生	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. 父亲相互性孝道T1	4.78(0.84)	4.81(0.83)	—	0.35^***	0.46^***	0.11^***	0.13^***	0.01	−0.04	−0.04	−0.04
2. 父亲权威性孝道T1	3.33(0.94)	3.39(0.91)	0.27^***	—	0.13^***	0.47^***	0.02	0.17^***	0.13^***	0.11^***	0.00
3. 母亲相互性孝道T1	4.83(0.78)	4.83(0.75)	0.52^***	0.14^***	—	0.31^***	0.13^***	0.02	−0.03	−0.04	−0.05
4. 母亲权威性孝道T1	3.27(0.88)	3.36(0.86)	0.20^***	0.55^***	0.29^***	—	0.02	0.23^***	0.14^***	0.13^***	0.01
5. 子/女相互性孝道T1	5.32(0.86)	5.53(0.66)	0.16^***	−0.02	0.17^***	0.01	—	0.37^***	−0.07^**	−0.05^*	−0.14^***
6. 子/女权威性孝道T1	4.37(0.94)	4.33(0.92)	0.05^*	0.14^***	0.05	0.13^***	0.43^***	—	0.05^*	0.06^*	−0.02
7. 父亲抑郁T2	6.38(9.38)	6.09(9.67)	−0.06^*	0.18^***	−0.08^**	0.14^***	−0.11^***	0.04	—	0.53^***	0.13^***
8. 母亲抑郁T2	6.17(9.20)	5.33(8.55)	−0.07^**	0.13^***	−0.08^**	0.13^***	−0.13^***	0.01	0.58^***	—	0.14^***
9. 子/女抑郁T2	14.28(9.05)	14.86(9.37)	−0.04	−0.00	−0.04	−0.02	−0.21^***	−0.02	0.13^***	0.16^***	—

变量	M (SD)		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
变量	男生	女生	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. 父亲相互性孝道T1	4.78(0.84)	4.81(0.83)	—	0.35^***	0.46^***	0.11^***	0.13^***	0.01	−0.04	−0.04	−0.04
2. 父亲权威性孝道T1	3.33(0.94)	3.39(0.91)	0.27^***	—	0.13^***	0.47^***	0.02	0.17^***	0.13^***	0.11^***	0.00
3. 母亲相互性孝道T1	4.83(0.78)	4.83(0.75)	0.52^***	0.14^***	—	0.31^***	0.13^***	0.02	−0.03	−0.04	−0.05
4. 母亲权威性孝道T1	3.27(0.88)	3.36(0.86)	0.20^***	0.55^***	0.29^***	—	0.02	0.23^***	0.14^***	0.13^***	0.01
5. 子/女相互性孝道T1	5.32(0.86)	5.53(0.66)	0.16^***	−0.02	0.17^***	0.01	—	0.37^***	−0.07^**	−0.05^*	−0.14^***
6. 子/女权威性孝道T1	4.37(0.94)	4.33(0.92)	0.05^*	0.14^***	0.05	0.13^***	0.43^***	—	0.05^*	0.06^*	−0.02
7. 父亲抑郁T2	6.38(9.38)	6.09(9.67)	−0.06^*	0.18^***	−0.08^**	0.14^***	−0.11^***	0.04	—	0.53^***	0.13^***
8. 母亲抑郁T2	6.17(9.20)	5.33(8.55)	−0.07^**	0.13^***	−0.08^**	0.13^***	−0.13^***	0.01	0.58^***	—	0.14^***
9. 子/女抑郁T2	14.28(9.05)	14.86(9.37)	−0.04	−0.00	−0.04	−0.02	−0.21^***	−0.02	0.13^***	0.16^***	—

相互性孝道	儿子抑郁		女儿抑郁
相互性孝道	父−子	母−子	父−女	母−女
多项式回归
常数项	17.50	17.61	18.12	17.68
父母−相互性孝道(b₁)	0.30	0.25	0.82	0.85
子女−相互性孝道(b₂)	−1.54^*	−1.53^*	−2.12^*	−1.89^*
父母−相互性孝道²(b₃)	0.27	0.24	0.02	0.28
父母−相互性孝道×子女−相互性孝道(b₄)	−0.53	−0.50	−0.53	−0.92
子女−相互性孝道²(b₅)	−0.04	−0.05	0.30	0.39
R²	0.05^***	0.05^***	0.02^**	0.02^**
响应面分析
一致性线−斜率(a₁)	−1.23	−1.28	−1.30	−1.05
一致性线−曲率(a₂)	−0.29	−0.30	−0.21	−0.25
不一致性线−斜率(a₃)	1.84^*	1.78	2.95^**	2.74^*
不一致性线−曲率(a₄)	0.74	0.69	0.85	1.59^*