多种情感与认知任务驱动下大脑可泛化神经表征的发育模式

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0218

心理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 218-231.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0218 cstr: 32110.14.2025.0218

多种情感与认知任务驱动下大脑可泛化神经表征的发育模式

郝磊¹^,², 许天委³, 周文龙³, 杨杰³, 彭思雅², 刘明兰⁴, 徐家华⁵, 王延培², 谭淑平⁵, 高家红⁶, 贺永², 陶沙², 董奇², 秦绍正²()

¹西南大学教师教育学院, 重庆 400715
²北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室&IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院, 北京 100875
³琼台师范学院海南省儿童认知与行为发展重点实验室, 海口 571127
⁴重庆市北碚区教师进修学院, 重庆 400700
⁵北京回龙观医院, 北京 100096
⁶北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院&IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-02-25
通讯作者: 秦绍正, E-mail: szqin@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32200871);国家自然科学基金(32130045);国家自然科学基金(32361163611);国家自然科学基金(82021004);科技创新2030(2022ZD0211000);科技创新2030(2021ZD0200500);高等学校学科创新引智基地(B21036);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0209);海南省哲学社会科学规划课题(HNSK(ZC)22-206);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(823MS063);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划重点课题(2021-10-073)

Developmental differences in generalizable neural representations driven by multiple emotional and cognitive tasks

HAO Lei¹^,², XU Tianwei³, ZHOU Wenlong³, YANG Jie³, PENG Siya², LIU Minglan⁴, XU Jiahua⁵, WANG Yanpei², TAN Shuping⁵, GAO Jiahong⁶, HE Yong², TAO Sha², DONG Qi², QIN Shaozheng²()

¹College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
²State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
³Qiongtai Normal University Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Haikou 571127, China
⁴Beibei Teacher Training College, Chongqing 400700, China
⁵Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China
⁶Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2024-03-10 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-02-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从脑智发育视角来讲, 神经系统随着心理发展会产生出一系列具有功能特异化(specialization)且高度协同的模块。这些模块之间究竟如何协同支撑儿童情感与认知功能发展呢?本研究综合利用多个经典的情感与认知任务范式(含注意网络测试、情绪匹配和工作记忆任务)以及层级化(hierarchical)的多体素神经表征建模方法, 重点考察7~12岁学龄儿童多元需求(multi-demand)额顶系统在情感与认知任务驱动下的通用性(task-general)作用以及分层级神经表征的组织方式。结果表明：儿童低年龄组、儿童高年龄组和成人组被试均表现出了多元需求额顶系统(包括顶内沟和额眼区域)共同参与多种情感与认知任务的现象, 即跨任务共同激活; 值得强调的是, 学龄儿童多元需求额顶系统表现出了更低水平的跨任务神经表征可泛化性(generalizability), 而作为控制分析的前扣带回、背外侧前额叶和前脑岛则没有表现出组间的可泛化性差异。我们推测多元需求额顶系统在发育中可能作为一个潜在的通用性“枢纽”, 通过组构性(compositionality)的信息组织方式, 实现不同任务目标驱动下分层级的神经表征与计算, 进而支撑情感与认知功能随龄的发展。本研究突破了当前单任务范式视角下的发展认知神经科学研究框架, 有望为理解跨情感与认知领域的脑智发育工作原理和开发人工智能新型算法提供新的启示。

关键词: 情感与认知, 脑智发育, 特异化, 神经表征, 可泛化

Abstract:

From the perspective of development, childhood is one of the most critical stage during brain development: neural system and cognitive behavior undergo a prolonged and intricate developmental process. A central question in developmental cognitive neuroscience pertains to how our brain develop highly specialized yet interacting neural modules to support a wide spectrum of cognitive and emotional functions. It is still inconclusive how these neural systems interplay and work together to promote cognitive and emotional maturation.

The early maturational perspective believed that as the anatomical structure of a specific cortical area matures, each neural module will “perform their duties” to support the development of corresponding cognitive functions. Later, the interactive specialization theory argued that there is a special brain function module with the properties of a general developmental architecture to support the development of different cognitive abilities, which can co-activate in multiple neurobiological models. Recently, researchers proposed a multi-demand system model, where the frontal-parietal network system supports various cognitive functions through diverse neural activation modes, fostering cognitive flexibility, and playing a role in coordinating and integrating different levels of neural computing resources across cognitive domains during children’s brain development. Based on the interactive specialization and multi-demand system model, the present study put forward the scientific questions: whether the multi-demand frontal-parietal system have a general neural representation pattern under different cognitive subdomain tasks, and how this pattern supports the development of children’s multiple cognitive domains through a hierarchical distributed neural representation organization.

Integrating traditional developmental psychology with non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging in cognitive neuroscience, we used multiple task paradigm (attention network test, numerical N-Back working memory and emotion matching tasks) across cognitive domains and innovative hierarchical distributed neural representation modeling to explore a general neural representation framework and its developmental rules for multiple cognitive domains. By building hierarchical distributed neural representation modeling method across multiple cognitive domains, we systematically investigate the developmental patterns of neural information representation in children and adults. The results indicated that both children and adults exhibited the phenomenon of the multiple-demand frontoparietal system (including the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye area) jointly participating in a variety of emotional and cognitive tasks, that is, co-activation across tasks; it is worth emphasizing that the multiple-demand frontoparietal system in children showed lower levels of generalizability of neural representations across tasks, whereas the anterior cingulate gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula, which were used as control analyses, did not show differences in generalizability between the groups.

We speculate that the multi-demand frontoparietal system may serve as a potential universal “hub” during development. Through compositional information coding organization, it can enable hierarchical neural representation and computation driven by different task goals, thereby supports the development of emotional and cognitive functions with age. This study breaks through the current research framework of developmental cognitive neuroscience from the perspective of a single-task paradigm and is expected to provide new insights into the working principles of brain development across emotional and cognitive domains, as well as to inspire the new artificial intelligence algorithms.

Key words: emotion and cognition, cognitive and brain development, specialization, neural representation, generalization

中图分类号:

B842
B845

郝磊, 许天委, 周文龙, 杨杰, 彭思雅, 刘明兰, 徐家华, 王延培, 谭淑平, 高家红, 贺永, 陶沙, 董奇, 秦绍正. (2025). 多种情感与认知任务驱动下大脑可泛化神经表征的发育模式. 心理学报, 57(2), 218-231.

HAO Lei, XU Tianwei, ZHOU Wenlong, YANG Jie, PENG Siya, LIU Minglan, XU Jiahua, WANG Yanpei, TAN Shuping, GAO Jiahong, HE Yong, TAO Sha, DONG Qi, QIN Shaozheng. (2025). Developmental differences in generalizable neural representations driven by multiple emotional and cognitive tasks. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(2), 218-231.

图/表 10

图1 跨情感与认知领域发展的多层级神经表征泛化机制构想图注：第一层级对应不同的情感/认知条件, 该层级的各条件由神经特异性激活支持; 第二层级对应跨情感/认知任务的神经共激活, 多元需求系统在神经激活水平上支持着不同任务过程; 第三层级对应跨情感与认知领域的神经表征泛化, 通过组构性编码机制支持着不同情感与认知功能的成熟。彩图见电子版, 下同。

表1 各年龄组儿童的人口统计学信息

变量		年龄组
变量		7岁	8岁	9岁	10岁	11 & 12岁	总体
注意	总数	40	74	102	83	59	358
	年龄	7.15 ± 0.25	8.07 ± 0.31	9.06 ± 0.30	10.00 ± 0.30	11.27 ± 0.49	9.22 ± 1.31
	年龄范围	6.51 ~ 7.49	7.50 ~ 8.49	8.51 ~ 9.49	9.52 ~ 10.49	10.54 ~ 12.45	6.51 ~ 12.45
	性别	18M / 22F	41M / 33F	55M / 47F	48M / 35F	30M / 29F	192M / 166F
工作记忆	总数	45	81	110	95	77	408
	年龄	7.14 ± 0.25	8.07 ± 0.30	9.03 ± 0.29	9.98 ± 0.30	11.21 ± 0.47	9.27 ± 1.32
	年龄范围	6.52 ~ 7.49	7.51 ~ 8.49	8.50 ~ 9.49	9.51 ~ 10.49	10.54 ~ 12.30	6.52 ~ 12.30
	性别	21M / 24F	44M / 37F	57M / 53F	54M / 41F	43M / 34F	219M / 189F
情绪匹配	总数	49	86	108	89	78	410
	年龄	7.12 ± 0.25	8.06 ± 0.30	9.02 ± 0.28	9.99 ± 0.30	11.20 ± 0.45	9.22 ± 1.34
	年龄范围	6.51 ~ 7.47	7.50 ~ 8.49	8.51 ~ 9.49	9.51 ~ 10.49	10.54 ~ 12.30	6.51 ~ 12.30
	性别	25M / 24F	51M / 35F	60M / 48F	49M / 40F	42M / 36F	227M / 183F

图2 各情感与认知条件图示

图3 独立定义的多元需求额顶系统和控制分析ROI

图4 跨情感与认知领域的多层级神经泛化模型注：将多变量模式相异性分解为不同情感/认知条件、跨情感/认知任务和跨情感与认知领域三个层级。左侧矩阵代表一个脑区内所有受试者在不同情感与认知条件下的神经表征相异性, 元素格代表所有受试者的每个情感与认知过程成对匹配的神经相异性, 彩色条表示功能相异性层级中的相应级别。在总体公式中, 1~18的参数估计值代表模型中各情感与认知条件的神经泛化程度, 19~27的参数估计值代表模型中跨情感/认知任务的神经泛化程度, 28~30的参数估计值代表模型中每个年龄组跨情感与认知领域的神经泛化程度。A：注意; W：工作记忆; E：情绪匹配。

图5 多元需求额顶系统的神经共激活脑区分布 A：额顶系统在各情感与认知条件下激活的重叠脑区(儿童低年龄组); B：额顶系统在各情感与认知条件下激活的重叠脑区(儿童高年龄组); B：额顶系统在各情感与认知条件下激活的重叠脑区(成年人组)

图6 跨情感与认知领域的神经泛化水平的发育效应注：3个年龄组在多元需求系统和控制分析ROI中的神经泛化指数对比的小提琴图。† p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; L, 左侧; R, 右侧。

图S1 儿童样本被试筛选流程图(成人样本执行相同流程)

表S1 筛除被试和未被筛除被试之间的任务绩效差异对比

任务	条件	样本量	t值	p值
ANT1	警觉分数	182/267	1.320	0.188
ANT1	定向分数	182/267	1.005	0.316
ANT2	警觉分数	182/252	1.646	0.101
ANT2	定向分数	182/252	1.363	0.174
WM	1-Back正确率	182/238	0.351	0.726
WM	2-Back正确率	182/238	1.622	0.106
EM	情绪正确率	182/221	0.125	0.901
EM	控制正确率	182/221	0.331	0.741

表S2 额顶系统在各情感与认知条件下激活的重叠脑区

组别	脑区	左/右脑	布罗德曼分区	团块大小	坐标(x, y, z)
儿童低年龄组	顶内沟(IPS)	L	40	48	−30, −48, 42
	顶内沟(IPS)	R	40	134	34, −46, 40
	额眼区域(FEF)	L	6	116	−28, −4, 48
	额眼区域(FEF)	R	6	77	26, −2, 52
儿童高年龄组	顶内沟(IPS)	L	40	155	−34, −48, 50
	顶内沟(IPS)	R	40	239	32, −46, 46
	额眼区域(FEF)	L	6	370	−34, −4, 56
	额眼区域(FEF)	R	6	261	28, 0, 54
	前辅助运动区(pSMA)	L	32/24	132	−8, 4, 56
	腹侧额叶皮层(VFC)	R	9	51	46, 6, 24
成年人组	顶内沟(IPS)	L	40	262	−32, −48, 44
	顶内沟(IPS)	R	40	443	30, −46, 42
	额眼区域(FEF)	L	6	376	−28, −2, 56
	额眼区域(FEF)	R	6	384	30, −2, 52
	腹侧额叶皮层(VFC)	R	9	97	48, 6, 32

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多种情感与认知任务驱动下大脑可泛化神经表征的发育模式

Developmental differences in generalizable neural representations driven by multiple emotional and cognitive tasks

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