Figure 1. Hierarchical neural generalization model across emotional and cognitive domains.Note: Multivariate pattern dissimilarity is decomposed into three levels: different emotional/cognitive conditions, across emotional/cognitive tasks, and across emotional and cognitive domains. The matrix on the left represents the neural representation dissimilarity of all subjects in a brain region under different emotional and cognitive conditions, the element grid represents the neural dissimilarity of each emotional and cognitive process pairwise matching for all subjects, and the colored bars represent the corresponding levels in the dissimilarity hierarchy. In the overall formula, parameter estimates from 1 to 18 represent the neural generalization of each emotional and cognitive condition in the model, parameter estimates from 19 to 27 represent the neural generalization of the model across emotional/cognitive tasks, and parameter estimates from 28 to 30 represent the neural generalization of each age group across emotional and cognitive domains in the model. A: attention; W: working memory; E: emotion matching.

Figure 2. Developmental effects on neural generalization levels across emotional and cognitive domains.Note: Violin plots comparing the neural generalization index of the three age groups in the multi-demand frontoparietal system and control analysis ROIs. ? p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; L, left; R, right.