ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2003, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (增刊): 23-28.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

语义范畴特异性损伤：一项个案研究

韩在柱1, 舒华1, 柏晓利2, 毕彦超3   

  1. 1 教育部脑与认知科学重点实验室,北京师范大学心理学院,北京 100875;
    2 北京友谊医院,北京 100050;
    3 认知神经心理学实验室,哈佛大学,美国
  • 发布日期:2021-06-18

Category-specific Semantic Deficits：A Case Study

Han Zaizhu1, Shu Hua1, Bai Xiaoli2, Bi Yanchao3   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Cognitive Science and Learning of Ministry of Education & School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875;
    2 Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, 100050;
    3 Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Harvard University, USA
  • Online:2021-06-18
  • Contact: Shu Hua,E-mail: shu@hua.com.cn.
  • Supported by:
    The present research is supported by BSF(7982021), National Pandeng Project (95-special-09), National Natural Science Foundation Of China (30070259), and the Key Scientific and Technological project of the Ministry of Education.

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摘要： 一些脑病患者对特定的语义范畴出现了选择性损伤,如有生命类和无生命类。他们的这种缺陷将有助于揭示人脑中语义知识的组织方式。本研究报道一例汉语患者,WJX,他选择性地损伤了有生命类知识,而对无生命类知识保存的相对较好。研究发现,他的非词典加工系统比较正常,如数字记忆广度,视觉及听觉辨认,嘴部肌肉运动等。但是,他在词典任务（如,听觉/视觉图形再认和图形命名）中却常常犯大量的语义错误。更重要的是,他对有生命类知识的正确率明显低于无生命类知识。该结果从汉语的角度为脑损伤能够选择地影响语义知识这一理论提供了新证据。本研究的调查结果也在一定程度上支持语义系统是按范畴组织起来的观点。

关键词: 语义知识的组织, 语义范畴特异性损伤, 有生命类。

Abstract: Brain-damaged patients with selective impairment to specific semantic categories of knowledge, like living things and nonliving things, have been reported repeatedly in the literature on various languages. These deficits have helped reveal how semantic knowledge is organized in the brain. In this study we present a Chinese patient, WJX, who has a selective deficit to living things compared to non-living things. His non-lexical processes (e.g. digit memory span, visual and phonetic discrimination, bucco-facial apraxia) are spared to a great extent. However, he often makes semantic errors in lexical tasks, including auditory/visual picture recognition, and oral picture naming. Furthermore, WJX makes a significantly larger percentage of errors on living things rather than non-living things. These results add further evidence from Chinese language to support the theory that brain damage can selectively affect semantic knowledge in the brain. We interpret these results as consistent with the proposal that the semantic system is organized along categorical dimensions.

Key words: Organization of semantic knowledge, Category-specific semantic deficit, Living things

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