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Prosody Generation In Language Production Yang Jinchen,Yang Yufang 2004, 12 (4):  481-488.  Abstract ( 1641 )   PDF (678KB) ( 2665 )   First, it described three models related to prosody generation. Then it reviewed the researches related to prosody generation in language production, basing on issues they concerned. Most findings suggest that there is an abstract metrical structure which is independent of segmental content in word production. It includes information of stress pattern and syllable number. In the production of phrase and sentence, both prosodic structure and pause pattern are relatively independent and not directly decided by syntactic structure. Prosodic word is the preferred and minimal unit of processing during the phonological encoding of connected speech. The generation of linguistically geared prosody tends to activate the left hemisphere of brain. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Phonological Processing in Chinese Children’s Reading Development Wang Yan 2004, 12 (4):  489-499.  Abstract ( 2367 )   PDF (692KB) ( 3187 )   This paper reviews the research on Chinese children’s reading development with an emphasis on the phonological processing involved in Chinese reading. The existing literature contains ample evidence to support the hypothesis about phonological involvement in Chinese reading. Other findings suggest that, although there are strong links between children’s phonological awareness, phonetic awareness, verbal working memory, respectively, and their reading ability, the nature of these different links may be different and need further examination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Whether Sequence Learning is Implicit? Chen Lingli,Wu Jiaduo 2004, 12 (4):  500-504.  Abstract ( 1829 )   PDF (665KB) ( 2583 )   Sequence learning is another format of implicit leaning. Previous researches have shown that sequence learning was implicit, because of the added reaction time from the regular stimulus to random stimulus. However, was it true? Recently, some researchers applied the new method (PDP) and explored the controversy: “whether sequence learning is implicit” was related to the RSI (Response-Stimulus Interval). Only when RSI = 0 ms, sequence learning was implicit. A neural network model was also put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Probability Effect in Conditional Inference Qiu Jiang,Zhang Qinglin 2004, 12 (4):  505-511.  Abstract ( 1476 )   PDF (680KB) ( 1821 )   Recently a series of studies that made by Oaksford suggested that Probability information has a strong influence on cognitive process of conditional inference so that it can be used to explain and predict peoples’ reaction in inference. So this article reviewed probability effects that conclude probability of antecedent and consequent, conditional probability, conjunctive probability，causal probability and added antecedent in conditional inference and recommended some recently studies and viewpoints, at last made a summary and expectation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Study of Self-Organization in Emotional System Li Dongmei,Guo Dejun 2004, 12 (4):  512-518.  Abstract ( 2190 )   PDF (684KB) ( 3345 )   The study of self-organizaiton in emotion system was reviewed in this article. Theory of self-organization in psychological systems mainly involving four core principles: recursion, emergence, consolidation, interdependence in different time scales. At present the studies in emotion system have begun to concern about dynamical and non-linear methods, even these mothods have been used to instruct some of researches, for example, the studies in cognition-emotion relation, the constructing of emotion theory, attarctive theory, and emotional development psychology theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Emotions on Immune System Wang Yunqiang,Qiao Jianzhong 2004, 12 (4):  519-523.  Abstract ( 3419 )   PDF (666KB) ( 6257 )   The new research developments of medical psychology indicate that emotional state and its associated physiological response affect the function of immune system directly. Positive emotional state increases the function of immune system, whereas negative emotional state decreases the function of immune system and increases people’s infectious possibility of diseases. Emotion regulation is related significantly with the function of immune system. Positive emotion regulation leads to enhancement of immune system, and negative emotion regulation results in reduction of immune system. Emotional disclosure can alleviate the negative effects of trauma or stressful events on immune system and promote the recovery and improvement of immune system, while inhibition of negative emotional experience can reduce the function of immune system and cause more serious physical or psychological health disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Review of the Studies About Allocation of Study Time Overseas Liu Xiping,Fang Ge，Yang Xiaodong 2004, 12 (4):  524-535.  Abstract ( 1639 )   PDF (709KB) ( 2599 )   Allocation of study time is one of the key components of memory monitoring and control. The authors present issues as following, which about researches recently in allocation of study time. a ) the development of children’s ability in allocation of study time; b ) the studies about mechanism in allocation of study time, especially showing two new models in details: “The Hierarchical Modal of Self-regulated Study” and “Region of Proximal Learning hypothesis” ; c ) having a prospective review for the future study in this field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Children’s Conceptions of Ability Wang Meifang,Zhang Liping 2004, 12 (4):  536-543.  Abstract ( 1538 )   PDF (685KB) ( 1827 )   This paper reviews three separate lines of research on the development of children’s conceptions of ability in the past three decades: (a)conceptions of ability as constant across time and situations, (b) conceptions of ability as capacity, and (c) conceptions of ability as uncontrollable. Currently, there has been a little comprehensive research exploring the convergences and divergences among the 3 aspects, and the meanings and constructs of conceptions of ability also need to be inquired. Related Articles | Metrics

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Family Functioning: Theory, Influencing Factores, and Its Relationship with Adolescent Social Adjustment Fang Xiaoyi，Xu Jie，Sun Li，Zhang Jintao 2004, 12 (4):  544-553.  Abstract ( 4281 )   PDF (692KB) ( 16399 )   This paper reviewed the definition, theories, determinants of family functioning and the studies of relationship between family functioning and adolescents' social adjustment in the last 20 years in China and west. There are two kinds of family functioning theory: one assesses family functioning based on family development consequences, the other assesses family functioning based on family development processes. The present studies explored the relationship between family structure, family SES, family relationship, family developing stage, life event and family functioning, and found the effects of family functioning on adolescent social adjustment. At the end, We points out some limits among present studies and some direction in the future study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Definition of the Mental Health by the Management of System Resources Shi Wenshan,Chen Jialing 2004, 12 (4):  554-560.  Abstract ( 2297 )   PDF (668KB) ( 2393 )   According to the viewpoint of the Management of System Resources, this thesis has suggested that the definition of the Mental Health is the effective management of the person’s living action, and furthermore, it’s also analyzed its five operation dimensions. Finally, it’s also maintained that the practical task of the Mental Health is to promote the effective management of the individual’s living action, for correct lifestyle and by self-responsibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advancement on Computer Self-Efficacy Li Hongli 2004, 12 (4):  561-566.  Abstract ( 1737 )   PDF (677KB) ( 2933 )   Self-efficacy (SE) is being applied into computer use, which was defined as computer self-efficacy (CSE). This paper reviews the effect of CSE on computer performance. The author also discussed the new classification of CSE, including software CSE and hardware CSE. Finally, This paper pointed out the correlates which influences CSE, the present research aspects was summed up, and the tendency of future research was also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Six Foci of Personality Model and Aging Researches Shi Wei,Yin Huazhan 2004, 12 (4):  573-577.  Abstract ( 1951 )   PDF (668KB) ( 2322 )   Hooker has raised a Six Foci of Personality Model based on the theory of personality three levels. The former three foci of it are traits, personal action constructions and life story that suggest the nature of personality structure. The latter three foci are state, self-regulation and self-narrating which processing the corresponding structures. The model provides an explaining frame for the results of aging researches. Related Articles | Metrics

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“Big Five” and Its Application on I/O Psychology Zhong Jian’an，Duan Jinyun 2004, 12 (4):  578-583.  Abstract ( 3362 )   PDF (675KB) ( 8276 )   Five is the abbreviation of five personality factors, it includes: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Based on describing this model, the article reviewed its application on industrial and organizational psychology, that is, Big Five can effectively predict work performance, work motivation, leadership behavior, creative behavior and job satisfaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Comment on Organizational Injustice Long Lirong,Liu Ya 2004, 12 (4):  584-593.  Abstract ( 1575 )   PDF (690KB) ( 3511 )   Although organizational justice has universal effects on employees’ feeling and behaviors, the research on organizational injustice was very limited. Some negative effects of organizational injustice ,i.e., expression of hostility, withdrawal behaviors, and overt aggression, were found on abroad .On the basis of the studies reviewed, three kinds of possible problems on organizational injustice research which included the difference between organizational justice and organizational injustice, the operationalization of organizational injustice, the generalization of organizational injustice across culture, were proposed. Finally, the research orientation in Chinese context is suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Brand Loyalty: the Conception, Measurement and Influencing Factors Ding Xiaqi,Ma Mouchao,Wang Yong,Fan Chunlei 2004, 12 (4):  594-600.  Abstract ( 1679 )   PDF (688KB) ( 7143 )   Early researchers gave “brand loyalty” an operational definition based on behavioral approach or attitudinal approach. Now, that brand loyalty is a multi-dimensional conception is widely accepted and its measurements are various in different studies. Some consumer’s cognitive, attitudinal and behavioral variables interact with brand loyalty. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Rating Dimensions and Rating Effects of the Assessment Center Wang Xiaohua,Che Hongsheng 2004, 12 (4):  601-607.  Abstract ( 1092 )   PDF (685KB) ( 2293 )   This article reviews the research on the Assessment Center (AC) in these years. First, it discusses the impact of the number of dimensions on rating results and the four meta-dimensions in AC. Second, it introduces the indexes of rating accuracy in AC and expounds different types of rater training programs and their impact on rating accuracy. Third, although AC has proved good criterion-related validity, the research on its construct validity has not yet reached an agreement. Finally, it discusses the trend of future research briefly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on the User’s Stereotype Response to the Gender of Computer Wang Huiyang,Zheng Quanquan 2004, 12 (4):  608-614.  Abstract ( 1662 )   PDF (677KB) ( 2138 )   With the theory of the gender stereotype, speech as one of the important cue to gender, studies on CASA（computers as social actors）which already have a developed system of variable, design and process，have the conclusion that human will response to computer as social response, especially having gender stereotype to computer in the human-machine interaction. But there still is somewhere incomplete, such as the naturalness of TTS（text-to-speech）, using graph character as the cue, and using different task gender, etc. Finally, the promising direction to psychology, especially to the social psychology in e-time, and prospect of research are put forward in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Theory and Practice of Metaphor Abroad Guo Jianen,Xu Baihua,Wu Xuxiao 2004, 12 (4):  615-621.  Abstract ( 2399 )   PDF (678KB) ( 4186 )   The use of metaphor is pervasive in all forms of discourse, and this trend will be extended in the future. Metaphor has been regarded as an important topic in ergonomics. This paper is concerned with providing a brief review of development of metaphor’s concepts, theories, and practice in some areas. As discribed in this article, mataphor has been regarded as not just a mode of figurative speech as the classical view, but a mode of cognitive processes which consist of many aspects of information processing. The devlopment of metaphor from traditional figuration theory to moden cognition theory indicates the immeasurable significance in the evolvement process of human language and congnition. Therefore, the application of mataphor in many field is rapidly expanding, that include internet technology, en-gineering, human-computer interface, organizational behavior and business enterprise management. Even now, the studies of mataphor still have been limited to methods of experiment and operative criterion in use. Consequently, a thoroughly discussion will be significative to the development of mataphor. We present this article and attempt to provide an integrated image of the metaphor with the purpose of further studies and practice for native researchers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutionary Psychology: A New Theoretical Paradigm to Explain Psychological Origin Jiao Xuan,Chen Yiwen 2004, 12 (4):  622-628.  Abstract ( 2651 )   PDF (677KB) ( 5209 )   Evolutionary psychology aims to explain the adaptation of human behavior through the evolved psychological mechanism. It is a newly developed theoretical paradigm to explain the psychological origin and nature of the human being. In this paper, first, there is a brief analysis of the naissance background of evolutionary psychology. Next, its research content is introduced. Hereinto the adaptation and the domain-specific of the evolved psychological mechanism are explained. Then, its positive impact to cognitive science, developmental psychology and consumer behavior are stated. Finally, the limitation and the prospect of this theory are summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Psychological Researches on Self-Interest Lu Danlei,Wang Wenzhong,Luo Yuejia 2004, 12 (4):  629-636.  Abstract ( 1845 )   PDF (697KB) ( 3635 )   Psychologists are concerning about the impact of self-interest on people. Current researches mainly focus on the relationship between self-interest and human behavior & attitude, the impact of self-interest on cognition and cross-culture comparison. In this article, these fields as well as research advances of self-interest were reviewed, and the questions worthy of further exploration were put forward. Related Articles | Metrics