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2005, Volume 13 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Animal Creativity and Innovation Han Ru;Shi Jiannong 2005, 13 (6):  708-714.  Abstract ( 1655 )   PDF (1368KB) ( 3207 )   For both humans and animals, creativity is important for attaining survival and evolutionary goal in uncertain environment. It has been neglected before, but the studies on animal creativity and innovation are receiving increasingly attention. In the present article, the authors summarized previous studies pertaining to creativity and innovation of animals and discussed the research trends in the field Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Implicit Theories of Creativity: Origin and Prospect Huang Silin;Lin Chongde1;Wang Yiwen 2005, 13 (6):  715-720.  Abstract ( 2563 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 4702 )   Implicit theories of creativity are perspectives on concepts, structures and development of creativity of people (whether experts or laypersons), which in some forms reside in the minds of these individuals under the everyday life and the work context. In recent 20 years, implicit theories of creativity are one of the new trends that have received an increased amount of attention. Related concepts and reviews were discussed in the article. Based on this, reviews and prospects for further research were discussed Related Articles | Metrics

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Creative Process: From the Information Processing Perspective Zhou Dan;Shi Jiannong 2005, 13 (6):  721-727.  Abstract ( 1753 )   PDF (1343KB) ( 3213 )   The cognitive process of creativity has not been well studied in previous researches, which can not explain the essence of the creative behavior. There are several theories about the creativity cognitive process. Recent studies propose that the cognitive process of creativity had a general regularity from the information processing perspective. The creative process can be differentiated further into the primary process and the secondary process. The primary process produces, synthesizes, organizes the information; and subsequently the secondary process chooses, filters and monitors the source collected from the primary process. At the same time the two processes transform and interact with each other continuously during the creative process Related Articles | Metrics

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Dabrowski’s Theories on Personality Development and Its Inspiration on the Gifted Education Zi Fei 2005, 13 (6):  728-733.  Abstract ( 1287 )   PDF (1337KB) ( 3402 )   Dabrowski attributes the development of personality to the evolvement of the emotion structure and suggests that gifted and creative individuals show “overexcitabilities” which are the momenta for the development of personality. This article purports to introduce Dabrowski’s theories on personality development and discuss its inspiration on the gifted education Related Articles | Metrics

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A Suitable Tool for Creativity Research: Remote Associates Test Wang Ye;Yu Rongjun;Zhou Xiaolin 2005, 13 (6):  734-738.  Abstract ( 4285 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 3323 )   This article introduced a technique studying processes involved in creativity -- the Remote Associates Test and compares it with other methods investigating creativity. The article also reviewed creativity studies using RAT. The authors proposed that RAT is a suitable tool for creativity research especially for creativity research in neuroscience field Related Articles | Metrics

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A Consensual Technique for Creativity Assessment Song Xiaohui;Shi Jiannong 2005, 13 (6):  739-744.  Abstract ( 2371 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 3858 )   Consensus assessment technique (CAT) is a method proposed by Amabile in 1982 for creativity measurement. After reviewing the features of divergent thinking tests and their limitations, the authors pointed out that it is necessary to develop an alternate technique of measuring creativity and introduced CAT method in the present paper. Meanwhile, the authors discussed the theoretical basis of CAT and exemplified its application in measuring creative articles. At the end of this article, the authors summarized features of CAT and evaluated its value, and also pointed out its advantages Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Research on Intuition Zhou Zhijin;Zhao Xiaochuan;Liu Chang 2005, 13 (6):  745-751.  Abstract ( 2127 )   PDF (1350KB) ( 4512 )   Intuition is the power or ability of knowing things without conscious, logic reasoning. It has cognitive, emotional and behavior components. Case studies, psychometric assessments, experimental methods and neuro-physiological methods are often employed in exploring intuition. Based on exploring the nature of intuition, it is argued that intuition has some common features with unconscious processing. Finally, three questions were proposed for further investigation Related Articles | Metrics

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The Syllable’s Role in Language Production Zhang Qingfang 2005, 13 (6):  752-759.  Abstract ( 1117 )   PDF (1356KB) ( 3309 )   The present paper addresses the syllable’s role in language production. Firstly the concept of syllable is introduced. Secondly the syllable’s position in language production theories is discussed. Then the syllable’s studies are summarized from the following two aspects: (1) the influential experimental paradigms, and (2) three important issues in this field. The main experimental paradigms include masked priming, repetition priming, implicit priming and picture-word interference paradigms. The main important issues are: (1) whether syllable is a functional unit in language production or not, (2) how syllable play important role in speech production, and (3) where is syllable priming effect. Finally, corresponding to the unique characteristics of syllable in Chinese, the syllable’s studies in Chinese word production and the perspectives of further research are discussed Related Articles | Metrics

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Metacognition in Second Language Reading Wang Jingxin;Zhang Kuo 2005, 13 (6):  760-766.  Abstract ( 2680 )   PDF (1345KB) ( 4331 )   In second language learning, metacognition attracts the researchers’ attention in late 1990s and has been involved in a variety of teaching practice, including second language reading, writing, listening and oral speech, etc. The psychology researchers try to discuss the process how the second language learners use their metacognitive knowledge under the metacognitive monitoring. On the basis of the sub-division theoretical framework in the structure, the main variables related to the metacognitive knowledge, monitoring and second language reading have been analyzed, such as self-awareness, text content, and strategy use. In addition, the research methods of metacognition and the areas for future studies are also discussed Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief Review of Conflict Monitoring Theory Zhu Xiangru;Liu Chang 2005, 13 (6):  767-773.  Abstract ( 2334 )   PDF (1358KB) ( 2214 )   Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China Related Articles | Metrics

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Psychological Ownership in Organizations and Its Relationship to Employee’s Working Attitudes and Behavior Wang Pei;Chen Shujuan 2005, 13 (6):  774-779.  Abstract ( 1205 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 4121 )   This paper introduced the theory based on by psychological ownership, integrated the basic meaning and the construct of psychological ownership for organization, and addressed the relationship between psychological ownership for organization and attitudes and behaviors related to work: ①it has positive relationship with attitudes and behaviors related to work; ②it helps to understand self-esteem based on organization and organizational citizenship; ③the relationship between it and employee performance needs to be proven in future Related Articles | Metrics

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The Functions, Determinants and Effectiveness of Team Leadership Zhou Ying;Wang Erping 2005, 13 (6):  780-787.  Abstract ( 2447 )   PDF (1368KB) ( 3934 )   Team leadership is distinct from traditional leadership in organization because of the team’s specific contextual characteristics and task requirements. However, the functions of the team leadership are general. This literature review, based on the Functional Leadership Perspective, first explained the functions of team leadership, such as team liaison-information collection and sense making, goal setting, and team coordination-coordinating team members’ actions to achieve team’s goal; the factors determining the importance of each function; and the mechanisms underlining leadership and team effectiveness. Finally the authors indicated some promising field that the research would be conducted Related Articles | Metrics

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Leader-Member Exchange and Its Progress Theory, Measurement,Antecedents and Outcomes Ren Xiaopeng;Wang Hui 2005, 13 (6):  788-797.  Abstract ( 1403 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 5218 )   Research conducted since the construct of leader-member exchange (LMX) was first investigated in 1972 is reviewed with respect to the theoretical, measurement, and analytic adequacy of LMX studies. First it is shown that the conceptual definitions of LMX, its dimensions have discussed; Second, the measures employed to assess LMX have varied widely and included an unidimension and multidimensions; Third it analysis the antecedents and outcomes; Fourth, the article summarized relationship between LMX and transformational leadership. Finally future research related to LMX is discussed. In particular, the levels of LMX and the difference perspectives of L-LMX and M-LMX is emphasized Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on the Predictive Research of Job Performance Luo Zheng xue;Miao Danmin 2005, 13 (6):  798-805.  Abstract ( 2076 )   PDF (1355KB) ( 4294 )   The article summarizes the new researches on relations between personality and job performance, and relations between ability and job performance, and the model for predicting job performance are discussed. Such individuals’ individualities as ability and personality have influences on their job performance, and appropriate personality and ability tests can help predict their job performance. The present paper suggests it is important to study the structure, predicting model and cross-cultural research of job performance Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence Factors and Remedies of Leniency Effect in Performance Appraisal Zhou Hao;Long Lirong 2005, 13 (6):  806-813.  Abstract ( 1337 )   PDF (1357KB) ( 2664 )   Leniency effect in performance appraisal had great harmful influences on human resource management. In this paper, leniency effect was analyzed in three dimensions: situational factors, instrumental factors and rater factors. Organizational culture, purpose of appraisal and rater anonymity were regarded as situational factors. Standards of rating was discussed as instrumental factor especially. Motivation, cognitive process, affects, moods, and raters’ stabile personal traits were regarded as rater factors. At the same time, suggestions of how to cope with leniency effect were provided. Finally, some aspects that need to further research were proposed Related Articles | Metrics

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The Measurement of Job Burnout Wang Fang;Xu Yan;Jiang Jiang 2005, 13 (6):  814-821.  Abstract ( 1260 )   PDF (1350KB) ( 4541 )   This review focuses on the methodologies used to measure job burnout. The written questionnaire, especially the self-report questionnaire, is the most common used method. Four popular self-report questionnaires, in particular the Maslach Burnout Inventory, are introduced. Moreover, some researches using other-report questionnaire or objective measures to access burnout are also reviewed in brief. Self-report measures will remain the most common tool in the burnout field because they can offer both practical and conceptual advantages to researchers Related Articles | Metrics

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About the Controversy on the Universality of Self-Enhancement Bias Wang Yinan 2005, 13 (6):  822-827.  Abstract ( 1882 )   PDF (1341KB) ( 2940 )   The cultural-self perspective challenged the universality of self-enhancement. It was argued that Easterners do not own the same positive self-regard as the Westerners. On the other hand, some theorists suggested that Easterners can self-enhance and regarded the importance of behaviors and traits as a mediating variable. After offering a literature review about the controversy, the authors suggested to explore Easterners’ self-esteem from the perspective of face Related Articles | Metrics

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Situation and Interaction: Interpersonal Interdependence and Its Model Zhao Ju;Zuo Bin 2005, 13 (6):  828-835.  Abstract ( 2716 )   PDF (1357KB) ( 4132 )   Interdependence theory presents a logical analysis of the interdependent relationship betweens individuals. During its historical development, the theory gradually advanced its research methods, from outcome matrix to a transition list, which in turn pushed the theory forward. Via its advancement, the theory shifted its static SABI model into the dynamic transformation processes in which individual social recognition and motivation are embodied in the interpersonal situations. The SABI model thus was complemented and extended more deeply Related Articles | Metrics

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Acculturation Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology YU Wei;Zheng Gang 2005, 13 (6):  836-846.  Abstract ( 3716 )   PDF (1382KB) ( 13643 )   Acculturation has become an integral and important part in cross-cultural psychology. Studies of acculturation have increased dramatically in recent years, and new theoretical models emerged constantly, which have had a significant effect on the immigration policies in the western world. This paper introduces the definition of acculturation, and reviews the theoretical development and main research methods in acculturation. Some methodological problems in the current research, and new directions for future research are also discussed. It is proposed that acculturation theory should be applied to internal researches, including the floating people’s acculturation in big cities and national minorities’acculturation Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutionary Psychology’ Way of Thinking and Its Implications Ye Haosheng 2005, 13 (6):  847-855.  Abstract ( 2074 )   PDF (1342KB) ( 5277 )   Evolutionary of psychology is a new movement in Western psychology. From the angle of evolutionary theory, evolutionary psychology is the application of the principles of evolutionary biology to the understanding of the origin and design of mind. It seeks to explain the structure and function of human mind with the view of Genetics and oppose the view hold by empiricists that human mind resembles a blank slate. There are, however, serious weaknesses in methodology of evolutionary psychology, and its hereditism has been criticized by many psychologists Related Articles | Metrics

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Is Western Positive Psychology A Psychological Revolution? Ren Jun;Ye Haosheng 2005, 13 (6):  856-863.  Abstract ( 2407 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 5421 )   Positive psychology sprung up in American is an important psychological strength in the end of last century, which is also an active field in psychological stage. Some people thought that positive psychology is a kind of psychological revolution or a paradigm shift. This article analyzed the relations between positive psychology and traditional mainstream psychology, humanistic psychology, and also revised the characters of psychological revolution and non-revolution. We made the decision that positive psychology wasn’t a psychological revolution and it didn’t take the paradigm shift Related Articles | Metrics