生理周期对情景记忆的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00466

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

来自进化心理学的理论及研究结果提示, 女性性激素可能是情景记忆的重要影响因素, 但是, 具体机制尚不清晰。本研究以女性生理周期性激素水平的自然变化构成的两个时期(卵泡后期、黄体中期)为自变量, 利用“What-Where-When Task”情景记忆任务(实验1), 结合事件相关电位(event-related potential, ERP)技术(实验2), 探讨生理周期不同阶段完成情景记忆任务的成绩及其可能的内在机制。实验1招募生理周期稳定的33名女性为被试, 在卵泡后期和黄体中期各参加一次实验, 随机顺序依次完成O任务(仅记忆物品, object)、P任务(仅记忆物品位置, position)、OO任务(记忆物品及其呈现顺序, object + order)、OP任务(记忆物品及其呈现位置, object + position)以及PO任务(记忆物品呈现位置及顺序, position + order)。结果发现, 在完成PO任务时, 黄体中期的回忆正确率显著高于卵泡后期。实验2借用事件相关电位技术, 进一步探究生理周期影响情景记忆PO任务的原因, 结果发现, 黄体中期额叶脑区的P300以及LPC波的振幅显著大于卵泡后期, 且完成PO任务时的感受性与右侧额叶P300振幅显著正相关。基于上述ERP的结果, 可以认为, 黄体中期在PO任务上的好成绩可能得益于显著增强的认知控制能力, 这一解释符合前人研究结论。总之, 本研究发现：生理周期对情景记忆中客体的空间位置与时间顺序整合的记忆产生显著影响, 黄体中期的记忆效果显著好于卵泡后期, 可能是因为该时期显著增强的认知控制能力。本研究有望为理解影响情景记忆的因素提供新的视角。

关键词: 情景记忆, 生理周期, 认知控制, P300, LPC, 事件相关电位

Abstract:

Episodic memory refers to the recollection of personally experienced events in a specific context. Evolutionary psychology findings have suggested that female sex hormones may be important influencing factors for episodic memory, but the specific mechanism underlying these influences are unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine whether periodic fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone over the menstrual cycle may influence episodic memory in the What-Where-When Task.
Healthy women with stable menstrual cycles and not taking exogenous hormones were recruited for two experiments. In Experiment 1, episodic memory was tested with 33 women during the late follicular phase (FP) and during the mid-luteal phase (LP) with the following five tasks employing images of objects as stimuli: object-only, position-only, object-position binding, object-order binding, and position-order binding. The testing order was counter-balanced across subjects. After a learning phase, participants were asked to recollect elements according to the requirements of each task, and the accuracy rates of their recollections were recorded as dependent variables.
The results of Experiment 1 showed that recollection accuracy differed between the late FP and mid-LP for only one of the tasks, namely the position-order binding task. Thus, in Experiment 2, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the performance of the position-order binding task, while recollection accuracy performance was evaluated. For the position-order binding task in both experiments, a significantly higher response accuracy rate was observed in the mid-LP than in the late FP. Regarding the ERP results, amplitudes of the P300 component and the late positive component (LPC) in frontal cortices, which has associated with cognitive control, were found to be higher in the mid-LP than in the late FP. The present results support the notion that people may have greater cognitive control of episodic memory in the mid-LP than in the late FP.
In conclusion, the present results showed that menstrual cycle phase affects position-order binding memory performance and concomitant neural activities. Better episodic memory performance during the mid-LP, relative to the late FP, could be attributed to better cognitive control ability. This study provides new information on physiological factors that can affect episodic memory.

Key words: episodic memory, menstrual cycle, cognitive control, P300, LPC, event-related potential

中图分类号:

B845
B842

李建花, 解佳佳, 庄锦英. (2022). 生理周期对情景记忆的影响. 心理学报, 54(5), 466-480.

LI Jianhua, XIE Jiajia, ZHUANG Jin-Ying. (2022). An effect of menstrual cycle phase on episodic memory. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(5), 466-480.

图/表 12

图1 实验材料示例

图2 实验1学习阶段(A)和测验阶段(B, 以记忆物品及位置为例)示意图

表1 前后两次回忆正确率以及配对样本t检验

任务类型	第一次实验 (M ± SE)	第二次实验 (M ± SE)	t	自由度	p (双尾)	95%置信区间	效应量
O任务	0.95 ± 0.01	0.93 ± 0.02	0.83	32	0.379	-0.02, 0.06	0.152
P任务	0.70 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.05	-0.69	32	0.497	-0.16, 0.08	0.120
OO任务	0.86 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.03	-1.95	32	0.061	-0.17, -0.004	0.337
OP任务	0.44 ± 0.04	0.45 ± 0.04	-0.18	32	0.861	-0.10, 0.08	0.032
PO任务	0.55 ± 0.06	0.64 ± 0.61	-1.25	32	0.220	-0.24, 0.06	0.218

表2 生理周期两时期被试在各任务的平均回忆正确率(M ± SE)

任务类型	生理周期
任务类型	卵泡后期	黄体中期
O任务	0.93 ± 0.02	0.95 ± 0.02
P任务	0.71 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.05
OO任务	0.88 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.02
OP任务	0.41 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.04
PO任务	0.46 ± 0.06	0.72 ± 0.06

图3 生理周期两时期各记忆条件下的正确回忆量

图4 实验2记忆阶段(A)和测验阶段(B)流程示意图

图5 EEG数据分析兴趣区

表3 卵泡后期、黄体中期个体回忆正确率、感受性、判断标准结果(括号内为标准差)

生理周期	正确率(%)	感受性d′	判断标准β
卵泡后期	77.80 (11.02)	1.76 (1.11)	1.29 (1.43)
黄体中期	81.34 (10.19)	2.14 (1.12)	1.59 (3.58)

图6 生理周期两时期总波形图：红色高亮 - N1成分两时期差异显著、绿色高亮 - P300成分两时期差异显著、紫色高亮 - LPC成分两时期差异显著

图7 生理周期两时期脑地形图：A. 早期成分N1成分、B. P300成分、C. 晚期正成分LPC (右侧红色高亮电极：两时期振幅差异显著)

图8 感受性与右侧额叶260~320 ms平均波幅相关

图9 正确率、感受性与CPz电极100~160 ms平均波幅相关

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