心理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 466-480.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00466
收稿日期:
2021-03-14
出版日期:
2022-05-25
发布日期:
2022-03-23
通讯作者:
庄锦英
E-mail:jyzhuang@psy.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LI Jianhua1,3, XIE Jiajia2,3, ZHUANG Jin-Ying3()
Received:
2021-03-14
Online:
2022-05-25
Published:
2022-03-23
Contact:
ZHUANG Jin-Ying
E-mail:jyzhuang@psy.ecnu.edu.cn
摘要:
来自进化心理学的理论及研究结果提示, 女性性激素可能是情景记忆的重要影响因素, 但是, 具体机制尚不清晰。本研究以女性生理周期性激素水平的自然变化构成的两个时期(卵泡后期、黄体中期)为自变量, 利用“What-Where-When Task”情景记忆任务(实验1), 结合事件相关电位(event-related potential, ERP)技术(实验2), 探讨生理周期不同阶段完成情景记忆任务的成绩及其可能的内在机制。实验1招募生理周期稳定的33名女性为被试, 在卵泡后期和黄体中期各参加一次实验, 随机顺序依次完成O任务(仅记忆物品, object)、P任务(仅记忆物品位置, position)、OO任务(记忆物品及其呈现顺序, object + order)、OP任务(记忆物品及其呈现位置, object + position)以及PO任务(记忆物品呈现位置及顺序, position + order)。结果发现, 在完成PO任务时, 黄体中期的回忆正确率显著高于卵泡后期。实验2借用事件相关电位技术, 进一步探究生理周期影响情景记忆PO任务的原因, 结果发现, 黄体中期额叶脑区的P300以及LPC波的振幅显著大于卵泡后期, 且完成PO任务时的感受性与右侧额叶P300振幅显著正相关。基于上述ERP的结果, 可以认为, 黄体中期在PO任务上的好成绩可能得益于显著增强的认知控制能力, 这一解释符合前人研究结论。总之, 本研究发现:生理周期对情景记忆中客体的空间位置与时间顺序整合的记忆产生显著影响, 黄体中期的记忆效果显著好于卵泡后期, 可能是因为该时期显著增强的认知控制能力。本研究有望为理解影响情景记忆的因素提供新的视角。
中图分类号:
李建花, 解佳佳, 庄锦英. (2022). 生理周期对情景记忆的影响. 心理学报, 54(5), 466-480.
LI Jianhua, XIE Jiajia, ZHUANG Jin-Ying. (2022). An effect of menstrual cycle phase on episodic memory. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(5), 466-480.
任务类型 | 第一次实验 (M ± SE) | 第二次实验 (M ± SE) | t | 自由度 | p (双尾) | 95%置信区间 | 效应量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O任务 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.83 | 32 | 0.379 | -0.02, 0.06 | 0.152 |
P任务 | 0.70 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | -0.69 | 32 | 0.497 | -0.16, 0.08 | 0.120 |
OO任务 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.94 ± 0.03 | -1.95 | 32 | 0.061 | -0.17, -0.004 | 0.337 |
OP任务 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | -0.18 | 32 | 0.861 | -0.10, 0.08 | 0.032 |
PO任务 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.64 ± 0.61 | -1.25 | 32 | 0.220 | -0.24, 0.06 | 0.218 |
表1 前后两次回忆正确率以及配对样本t检验
任务类型 | 第一次实验 (M ± SE) | 第二次实验 (M ± SE) | t | 自由度 | p (双尾) | 95%置信区间 | 效应量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O任务 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.83 | 32 | 0.379 | -0.02, 0.06 | 0.152 |
P任务 | 0.70 ± 0.03 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | -0.69 | 32 | 0.497 | -0.16, 0.08 | 0.120 |
OO任务 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.94 ± 0.03 | -1.95 | 32 | 0.061 | -0.17, -0.004 | 0.337 |
OP任务 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | -0.18 | 32 | 0.861 | -0.10, 0.08 | 0.032 |
PO任务 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.64 ± 0.61 | -1.25 | 32 | 0.220 | -0.24, 0.06 | 0.218 |
任务类型 | 生理周期 | |
---|---|---|
卵泡后期 | 黄体中期 | |
O任务 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.95 ± 0.02 |
P任务 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.05 |
OO任务 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.02 |
OP任务 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.04 |
PO任务 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.06 |
表2 生理周期两时期被试在各任务的平均回忆正确率(M ± SE)
任务类型 | 生理周期 | |
---|---|---|
卵泡后期 | 黄体中期 | |
O任务 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 0.95 ± 0.02 |
P任务 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.05 |
OO任务 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.02 |
OP任务 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.04 |
PO任务 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.06 |
生理周期 | 正确率(%) | 感受性d′ | 判断标准β |
---|---|---|---|
卵泡后期 | 77.80 (11.02) | 1.76 (1.11) | 1.29 (1.43) |
黄体中期 | 81.34 (10.19) | 2.14 (1.12) | 1.59 (3.58) |
表3 卵泡后期、黄体中期个体回忆正确率、感受性、判断标准结果(括号内为标准差)
生理周期 | 正确率(%) | 感受性d′ | 判断标准β |
---|---|---|---|
卵泡后期 | 77.80 (11.02) | 1.76 (1.11) | 1.29 (1.43) |
黄体中期 | 81.34 (10.19) | 2.14 (1.12) | 1.59 (3.58) |
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