敬畏感与亲社会行为关系的三水平和结构方程模型元分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0631

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 敬畏感与亲社会行为是人的社会性发展关键指标, 是推动人类命运共同体构建的重要情感要素和行为路径。研究运用三水平和结构方程模型的元分析方法, 考察敬畏感与亲社会行为的关系及中介机制。经检索与筛选, 研究1获得110篇文献, 221项研究, 620个效应量, 包含2, 961, 227名被试; 研究2获得33篇文献, 42项研究, 42个相关矩阵, 包含30, 045名被试。结果表明, 敬畏感与亲社会行为高相关(r = 0.37), 可以正向预测亲社会行为(g = 0.59); 当文化背景为集体主义文化, 敬畏感为积极效价, 亲社会行为指向集体层面时, 敬畏感具有更高的亲社会效应; 敬畏感通过自我消解和自我超越的并行中介作用影响亲社会行为。研究系统验证了敬畏感的亲社会效应及机制, 对构建人类命运共同体具有一定启示。

关键词: 敬畏感, 亲社会行为, 三水平元分析, 元分析结构方程模型

Abstract:

Awe and prosocial behavior are two crucial indicators of human social development. Their association has garnered widespread attention from researchers. The prosocial effects of awe are supported by the social functionalist theory of emotion as well as the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Numerous empirical studies have found a positive relationship between awe and prosocial behavior, demonstrating that awe can promote prosocial behavior. However, some contradictory evidence suggest that awe may not always enhance individuals’ willingness to help, donate, or forgive others and may even diminish their prosocial tendencies. Such inconsistency may relate to factors such as the characteristics of awe, the attributes of prosocial behavior, cultural background, etc. Study 1 aimed to explore the correlation and causality between awe and prosocial behavior, along with their potential moderating variables. Furthermore, current studies primarily focus on either self-diminishment or self-transcendence, which can easily lead to the specious mediators problem. Study 2 built upon existing research to explore the mediating roles of self-diminishment and self-transcendence in the relationship between awe and prosocial behavior.

A systematic literature review was conducted using multiple databases, including Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CSTJD (China Science and Technology Journal Database), WFD (Wan Fang Data), and PsyArXiv (preprint platform). Data analyses were performed using the meta, metafor, and metaSEM packages in R 4.4.1. Three-level meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses in Study 1. In Study 2, meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) was employed to synthesize previous mediation studies to explore the theoretical mechanisms underlying the prosocial effects of awe. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel Plots, Egger-MLMA regression tests, Trim and Fill, and Fail-Safe Number. Outlier and influence diagnostics were performed using SDR (studentized deleted residual), CD (Cook’s distance), and DFBETAS.

Through literature search and screening, a total of 110 articles were included in Study 1, comprising 221 studies and 620 effect sizes, with a total sample size of 2, 961, 227 participants. Study 2 identified 33 articles, which included 42 studies and 42 correlation matrices, involving 30, 045 participants. The results of two three-level meta-analyses indicated the correlation between awe and prosocial behavior was significantly positive (r = 0.37, 95% CI [0.33, 0.41]), and awe could positively predict prosocial behavior (g = 0.59, 95% CI [0.48, 0.69]). Moderator analyses revealed that awe has greater prosocial effect when the cultural background was collectivist, the valence was positive, the eliciting factor was social, and the type of prosocial behavior was not restricted to individuals. Meanwhile, the association between awe and prosocial behavior was not moderated by induction methods(e.g., recall, video, music, image, text, and real situations) and prosocial costs. The results of the meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that awe leads to prosocial behavior via self-diminishment and self-transcendence (with mediation effects of 0.060 and 0.070, respectively, accounting for 18.2% and 21.2% of the total effect, respectively). However, the chained mediating effect was not significant.

The study systematically examines the prosocial effects of awe and the conditions that facilitate it. It provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing prosocial behavior through an emotional lens and contributing to the vision of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind. Additionally, the findings support the psychological mechanisms of self-diminishment and self-transcendence, offering a systematic and integrated theoretical explanation for the prosocial effects of awe.

Key words: awe, prosocial behavior, three-level meta-analysis, meta-analytic structural equation modeling

中图分类号:

B849: C91

林荣茂, 余巧华, 胡添祥, 张九妹, 叶玉珊, 连榕. (2025). 敬畏感与亲社会行为关系的三水平和结构方程模型元分析. 心理学报, 57(4), 631-651.

LIN Rongmao, YU Qiaohua, HU Tianxiang, ZHANG Jiumei, YE Yushan, LIAN Rong. (2025). The relationship between awe and prosocial behavior: Three-level meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(4), 631-651.

图/表 13

参考文献 167

	带*表示元分析用到的文献
[1]	^* Acevedo, E., & Tost, J. (2023). Self-transcendent experience and prosociality: Connecting dispositional awe, compassion, and the moral foundations. Personality and Individual Differences, 214, 112347.
[2]	Ames, D. R., Flynn, F. J., & Weber, E. U. (2004). It’s the thought that counts: On perceiving how helpers decide to lend a hand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(4), 461-474.
[3]	Assink, M., & Wibbelink, C. J. M. (2016). Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: A step-by-step tutorial. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 12(3), 154-174.
[4]	^* Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., Chen, S., Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., McNeil, G. D.,... Keltner, D. (2017). Awe, the diminished self, and collective engagement: Universals and cultural variations in the small self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 185-209. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000087 pmid: 28481617
[5]	Baldassarri, D., & Abascal, M. (2020). Diversity and prosocial behavior. Science, 369(6508), 1183-1187. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2432 pmid: 32883860
[6]	^* Blankenbeckler, L. B. (2017). What's “Awe” the hype? Motivations to share video game information [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg.
[7]	^* Cajas, B. (2020). Feeling ‘Awe’ some!: The impact of awe, produced by exposure to nature and interpersonal elicitors, on prosocial behaviour [Unpublished master's thesis]. University of Twente, Enschede.
[8]	Campos, B., Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., Gonzaga, G. C., & Goetz, J. L. (2013). What is shared, what is different? Core relational themes and expressive displays of eight positive emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 27(1), 37-52.
[9]	Card, N. A. (2012). Applied meta-analysis for social science research. New York: Guilford Press.
[10]	^* Chang, Y. W. (2022). A series of studies on awe influencing the motivation of college students’ volunteer service [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, China.
	[常亚文. (2022). 敬畏影响大学生志愿服务动机的系列研究 (硕士学位论文). 武汉体育学院.]
[11]	Chaudhury, S. H., Garg, N., & Jiang, Z. (2022). The curious case of threat-awe: A theoretical and empirical reconceptualization. Emotion, 22(7), 1653-1669.
[12]	^* Chen, A. Q., Cao, X. Y., & He, Z. X.(2021). Relationship between trait awe and college students’ environmental consciousness: Mediating effect of universal self [Abstract]. In Chinese Psychological Society (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23th National Academic Congress of Psychology. Hohhot: Chinese Psychological Society.
	[谌安琪, 曹艺轩, 何志欣. (2021). 特质性敬畏与大学生环境意识的关系: 普遍性自我的中介作用[摘要]. 见中国心理学会 (编). 第二十三届全国心理学学术会议摘要集. 呼和浩特: 中国心理学会]
[13]	^* Chen, L., Liu, J., Fu, L., Guo, C., & Chen, Y. (2022). The impact of gratitude on connection with nature: The mediating role of positive emotions of self-transcendence. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 908138.
[14]	^* Chen, X.D.(2022). Research on awe in work situation: Antecedents and outcome variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanghai International Studies University.
	[陈晓蝶. (2022). 工作情境中的敬畏感研究: 前因及结果变量 (硕士学位论文). 上海外国语大学.]
[15]	Cheung, M. W. L. (2009). Constructing approximate conﬁdence intervals for parameters with structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16(2), 267-294.
[16]	Cheung, M. W. L. (2014a). Fixed- and random-effects meta-analytic structural equation modeling: Examples and analyses in R. Behavior Research Methods, 46(1), 29-40.
[17]	Cheung, M. W. L. (2014b). Modeling dependent effect sizes with three-level meta-analyses: A structural equation modeling approach. Psychological Methods, 19(2), 211-229.
[18]	Cheung, M. W. L., & Chan, W. (2005). Meta-analytic structural equation modeling: A two-stage approach. Psychological Methods, 10(1), 40-64. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.10.1.40 pmid: 15810868
[19]	Chirico, A., & Yaden, D. B. (2018). Awe:A self-transcendent and sometimes transformative emotion. In H. C. Lench (Ed.), The function of emotions (pp. 221-233). Berlin: Springer.
[20]	Cook, R. D., & Weisberg, S. (1982). Criticism and influence analysis in regression. Sociological Methodology, 13, 313-361.
[21]	Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (Eds.). (2019). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
[22]	^* Cui, L. Y. (2021). The relationship between narcissism and prosocial behavior: Awe and self-focused attention play mediating roles [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Sichuan Normal University, China.
	[崔鲤跃. (2021). 自恋和亲社会行为的关系: 敬畏和自我聚焦有中介的调节作用 (硕士学位论文). 四川师范大学, 成都.]
[23]	^* Cui, X. Y. (2021). The effect of social class on prosocial behavior: The role of social responsibility and awe [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Jinan University, China.
	[崔馨月. (2021). 社会阶层对亲社会行为的影响: 社会责任感及敬畏感的作用 (硕士学位论文). 暨南大学, 广州.]
[24]	^* Danvers, A. (2015). Getting to know you: Effects of positive emotions on naturalistic conversation and social coordination [Unpublished master's thesis]. Arizona State University, Phoenix.
[25]	Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56(2), 455-463. doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x pmid: 10877304
[26]	Eisenberger, R., Lynch, P., Aselage, J., & Rohdieck, S. (2004). Who takes the most revenge? Individual differences in negative reciprocity norm endorsement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(6), 789-799.
[27]	^* Ejova, A., Krátký, J., Kundtová Klocová, E., Kundt, R., Cigán, J., Kotherová, S.,... Gray, R. D. (2021). The awe-prosociality relationship: Evidence for the role of context. Religion, Brain & Behavior, 11(3), 294-311.
[28]	^* Forcelle, A. (2022). Awe in the helping professions: Approaching well-being for graduate trainees through transcendent emotion [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. George Fox University, Newberg.
[29]	Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 pmid: 11315248
[30]	^* Fu, Y. -N., Feng, R., Liu, Q., He, Y., Turel, O., Zhang, S., & He, Q. (2022). Awe and prosocial behavior: The mediating role of presence of meaning in life and the moderating role of perceived social support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6466.
[31]	Garcia-Romeu, A. (2010). Self-transcendence as a measurable transpersonal construct. The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 42(1), 26-47.
[32]	^* Geng, S. (2019). The effect of awe on environmentally friendly behavior and its mechanism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Zhejiang University, China.
	[耿爽. (2019). 敬畏情绪对亲环境行为的影响及机制 (硕士学位论文). 浙江大学, 杭州.]
[33]	Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016). Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 74-78.
[34]	^* Goldy, S. P. (2022). Sharing the extraordinary: Shared awe-inspiring experiences, social connection, and meaning [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of California, Irvine.
[35]	^* Goldy, S. P., Jones, N. M., & Piff, P. K. (2022). The social effects of an awesome solar eclipse. Psychological Science, 33(9), 1452-1462.
[36]	Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., Anderson, C. L., McNeil, G. D., Loew, D., & Keltner, D. (2017). The dark side of the sublime: Distinguishing a threat-based variant of awe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 310-328. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000120 pmid: 27929301
[37]	^* Guan, F., Chen, J., Chen, O., Liu, L., & Zha, Y. (2019). Awe and prosocial tendency. Current Psychology, 38(4), 1033-1041. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-00244-7
[38]	Guo, Y., Tian, X., Hu, D., Bai, S. L., & Zhou, S. X. (2023). The effects of shame on prosocial behavior: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 31(3), 371-375. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00371
	[郭英, 田鑫, 胡东, 白书琳, 周蜀溪. (2023). 羞愧对亲社会行为影响的三水平元分析. 心理科学进展, 31(3), 371-375.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00371
[39]	Harrer, M., Cuijpers, P., Furukawa, T. A., & Ebert, D. D. (2021). Doing meta-analysis with R: A hands-on guide. Boca Raton, FL and London: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003107347
[40]	^* Han, W. H. (2017). Empirical researching on the awe and pro-social behavior among the Mongolian college students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Inner Mongolia Normal University, China.
	[韩汪慧. (2017). 蒙古族大学生敬畏感与亲社会行为的实证研究 (硕士学位论文). 内蒙古师范大学, 呼和浩特.]
[41]	^* He, J., Cai, X., Li, G., Zou, X., & Morrison, A. M. (2022). Volunteering and pro-environmental behavior: The relationships of meaningfulness and emotions in protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(2), 304-321.
[42]	He, N., & You, X. Q. (2023). The social psychological basis and realization path of the construction of a human community with a shared future. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 52(4), 5-14.
	[何宁, 游旭群. (2023). 人类命运共同体构建的社会心理基础与实现路径. 陕西师范大学学报 (哲学社会科学版), 52(4), 5-14.]
[43]	Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327(7414), 557-560.
[44]	Hofstede, G. (1984). Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1, 81-99.
[45]	^* Hornsey, M. J., Faulkner, C., Crimston, D., & Moreton, S. (2018). A microscopic dot on a microscopic dot: Self-esteem buffers the negative effects of exposure to the enormity of the universe. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 198-207.
[46]	^* Huang, Q. S. (2018). The effects of awe on moral behavior and its psychological mechanism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Zhejiang University, China.
	[黄秋珊. (2018). 敬畏情绪对道德行为的影响及其心理机制探究 (硕士学位论文). 浙江大学, 杭州.]
[47]	^* Ibanez, L., Moureau, N., & Roussel, S. (2016). How do incidental emotions impact pro-environmental behavior? Evidence from the dictator game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 66, 150-155.
[48]	^* Janssen, M. J. G. (2021). Awe, perspective taking and pro-environmental behavior: A study on the effects of awe and perspective taking on pro-environmental behavior in the transition towards sustainable energy [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Twente, Enschede.
[49]	^* Ji, Q., Janicke-Bowles, S. H., De Leeuw, R. N. H., & Oliver, M. B. (2019). The melody to inspiration: The effects of awe-eliciting music on approach motivation and positive well-being. Media Psychology, 24(3), 305-331.
[50]	^* Jiang, T., & Sedikides, C. (2022). Awe motivates authentic- self pursuit via self-transcendence: Implications for prosociality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(3), 576-596.
[51]	^* Jiao, L., & Luo, L. (2022). Dispositional awe positively predicts prosocial tendencies: The multiple mediation effects of connectedness and empathy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), Article 16605.
[52]	^* Jin, P. (2018). A study of the influence of awe on the national identity of tourists in red tourism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Sichuan Normal University, China.
	[金鹏. (2018). 红色旅游情境下敬畏情绪对游客国家认同的影响研究 (硕士学位论文). 四川师范大学, 成都.]
[53]	^* Joye, Y., & Bolderdijk, J. W. (2015). An exploratory study into the effects of extraordinary nature on emotions, mood, and prosociality. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 1577.
[54]	^* Kahn, A. S., & Cargile, A. C. (2021). Immersive and interactive awe: Evoking awe via presence in virtual reality and online videos to prompt prosocial behavior. Human Communication Research, 47(4), 387-417.
[55]	Katz, T., Kushnir, T., & Tomasello, M. (2024). Children are eager to take credit for prosocial acts, and cost affects this tendency. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 237, Article 105764.
[56]	Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 17(2), 297-314.
[57]	Keltner, D., Sauter, D., Tracy, J. L., Wetchler, E., & Cowen, A. S. (2022). How emotions, relationships, and culture constitute each other: Advances in social functionalist theory. Cognition & Emotion, 36(3), 388-401.
[58]	Kou, Y., & Zhang, Q. P. (2006). Conceptual representation of early adolescents’ prosocial behavior. The Study of Sociology, (5), 169-187+245.
	[寇彧, 张庆鹏. (2006). 青少年亲社会行为的概念表征研究. 社会学研究, (5), 169-187+245.]
[59]	^* Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2014). Religious involvement and humility. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(3), 254-265.
[60]	Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. pmid: 843571
[61]	Lange, F., & Dewitte, S. (2019). Measuring pro-environmental behavior: Review and recommendations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.009
[62]	^* Li, J., Li, A., Sun, Y., Li, H., Liu, L., Zhan, Y.,... Zhong, Y. (2019). The effect of preceding self-control on prosocial behaviors: The moderating role of awe. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 682.
[63]	^* Li, J. J., Dou, K., Wang, Y. J., & Nie, Y. G. (2019). Why awe promotes prosocial behaviors? The mediating effects of future time perspective and self-transcendence meaning of life. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 1140.
[64]	^* Li, Q. A. (2019). Research on the influence of awe on consumer product sharing: From the perspective of small-self perception [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Wuhan University, China.
	[李清安. (2019). 基于敬畏感的产品分享机制研究: 小我感知视角 (博士学位论文). 武汉大学.]
[65]	^* Li, T. Y. (2023). The influence of awe on tourists' civilized tourism behavior in rituals [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi University, China.
	[李恬怡. (2023). 仪式情境中敬畏情绪对游客文明旅游行为的影响研究 (硕士学位论文). 山西大学, 太原.]
[66]	^* Li, X. Y. (2022). The effect of awe on cooperative behavior of college students: The mediating role of subjective interdependence [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Tianjin University of Technology and Education, China.
	[李鑫宇. (2022). 大学生敬畏对合作行为的影响: 主观互倚的中介作用 (硕士学位论文). 天津职业技术师范大学.]
[67]	^* Li, Y. (2020). Awe and perspective taking [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Toronto.
[68]	^* Li, Y. (2022). The effects of awe, narcissism and gender on emotional empathy in college students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi University, China.
	[李叶. (2022). 大学生敬畏、自恋和性别对情绪共情的影响 (硕士学位论文). 山西大学, 太原.]
[69]	^* Li, Y., Wu, X., Chu, Y. J., & Guo, Y. J. (2022). The Impact of transformative tourism experiences on prosocial behaviors of college students: Multiple chain mediating effects of dispositional awe and social connectedness. Sustainability, 14(20), Article 13626.
[70]	^* Liang, H. C. (2019). The effect of awe on green consumption behavior [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi Normal University, China.
	[梁昊琮. (2019). 敬畏情绪对绿色消费行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 山西师范大学, 太原.]
[71]	Liang, J. P., Guo, L. L., & Liu, Z. B. (2020). Will incidental awe inspire people to donate? Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science), 22(4), 38-46.
	[梁剑平, 郭蕾蕾, 刘招斌. (2020). 偶发的敬畏情绪会激励人们捐赠吗? 东北大学学报(社会科学版), 22(4), 38-46.] doi: 10.15936/j.cnki.1008-3758.2020.04.006
[72]	^* Liang, Y..(2021). Cuteness response promotes prosocial behavior: The mediation effect of positive emotion [Unpublished master’s thesis]. China University of Geosciences, China.
	[梁愿. (2021). 萌反应促进个体亲社会行为: 积极情绪的中介作用 (硕士学位论文). 中国地质大学, 北京.]
[73]	Lin, L., Xu, B. Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, Q. P., & Kou, Y. (2024). Network analysis and core dimensions of adolescent prosocial behavior. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(9), 1252-1265. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01252
	[林靓, 徐博雅, 杨莹, 张庆鹏, 寇彧. (2024). 青少年亲社会行为的网络分析及核心维度. 心理学报, 56(9), 1252-1265.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01252
[74]	Lin, R. M. (2019). Awe in Chinese undergraduates: What, why, and how does it associate with prosocial behavior* [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Fujian Normal University, China.
	[林荣茂. (2019). 大学生敬畏感及其与亲社会行为的关系 (博士学位论文). 福建师范大学, 福州.]
[75]	^* Lin, R. M., Chen, Y. P., Shen, Y. L., Xiong, X. X., Lin, N., & Lian, R. (2021). Dispositional awe and online altruism: Testing a moderated mediating model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 688591.
[76]	Lin, R. M., Chen, Y. P., Xiao, H. W., Shen, Y. L., & He, X. Y. (2021). Relationships between adolescents’ values and dispositional awe. Journal of Ningbo University (Educational Science Edition), 43(3), 125-132.
	[林荣茂, 陈艳萍, 肖惠文, 沈逸琳, 何晓雁. (2021). 青少年价值观与敬畏感的关系. 宁波大学学报(教育科学版), 43(3), 125-132.]
[77]	Lin, R. M., Hong, Y. J., Xiao, H. W., Chen, Y. P., & Lian, R. (2021). Openness to experience and dispositional awe: The moderating role of subjective socioeconomic status and mediating role of Zhong-Yong thinking style in Chinese undergraduates. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 62(4), 617-624.
[78]	^* Lin, R. M., Hong, Y. J., Xiao, H. W., & Lian, R. (2020). Dispositional awe and prosocial tendency: The mediating roles of self-transcendent meaning in life and spiritual self-transcendence. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 48(12), 1-10.
[79]	Liu, J. (2020). A study on the psychosocial effects and mechanisms of awe [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Shaanxi Normal University, China.
	[刘佳. (2020). 敬畏的心理社会效应及机制研究 (博士学位论文). 陕西师范大学, 西安.]
[80]	Liu, J., & Teng, J. L. (2021). The driving mechanism of awe and pride to tourists’ civilized behavioral intention in the development of red tourism resources. Journal of Natural Resources, 36(7), 1760-1776.
	[刘佳, 滕金凌. (2021). 红色旅游资源开发中敬畏感与自豪感对游客文明旅游行为意向的驱动机制. 自然资源学报, 36(7), 1760-1776.] doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210710
[81]	Lovakov, A., & Agadullina, E. R. (2021). Empirically derived guidelines for effect size interpretation in social psychology. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51(3), 485-504.
[82]	Lu, H. D. Y. (2020). The effect of awe on consumers’ willingness to buy green products: Taking natural connectivity as a mediating variable [Unpublished master’s thesis]. South China University of Technology, China.
	[陆红杜羽. (2020). 敬畏感对消费者绿色产品购买意愿的影响—以自然连接性为中介变量 (硕士学位论文). 华南理工大学, 广州.]
[83]	Luo, L., Yang, D., Chen, S. D., Gao, W., Chen, Y. Q., & Yuan, J. J. (2022). Dispositional awe positively predicts prosocial tendencies: Multiple mediation effects of self-transcendence and empathy. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 20(3), 390-396. doi: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.03.015
	[罗利, 杨东, 陈圣栋, 高伟, 陈永强, 袁加锦. (2022). 特质敬畏对亲社会倾向的正向预测: 自我超越和共情的多重中介作用. 心理与行为研究, 20(3), 390-396.] doi: 10.12139/j.1672-0628.2022.03.015
[84]	^* Luo, L., Yang, D., Tian, Y., Gao, W., Yang, J., & Yuan, J. (2022). Awe weakens the AIDS-related stigma: The mediation effects of connectedness and empathy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, Article 1043101.
[85]	^* Luo, L., Zou, R., Yang, D., & Yuan, J. (2023). Awe experience triggered by fighting against COVID-19 promotes prosociality through increased feeling of connectedness and empathy. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(6), 866-882.
[86]	Luo, Y. S. (2021). The effect of awe on dishonest behavior: The mediating role of the sense of power [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Sichuan Normal University, China.
	[罗远淑. (2021). 敬畏对不诚实行为的影响: 权力感的中介作用 (硕士学位论文). 四川师范大学, 成都.]
[87]	Lyu, L. H., & Wang, Y. P. (2017). Research on the impact of tourist’s behavior intention based on awe emotion in mountain resorts: A case study of Jingshan scenery area in Hangzhou. World Regional Studies, 26(6), 131-142.
	[吕丽辉, 王玉平. (2017). 山岳型旅游景区敬畏情绪对游客行为意愿的影响研究——以杭州径山风景区为例. 世界地理研究, 26(6), 131-142.]
[88]	Lyu, M. X. (2023). The effect of awe on intergenerational altruism: The role of future orientation and authenticity [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanghai Normal University.
	[吕梦晓. (2023). 敬畏感对代际利他的影响: 未来取向和本真性的作用(硕士学位论文). 上海师范大学.]
[89]	Lyu, Y. Q. (2022). Mindfulness training promotes social mindfulness: Moderating and mediating effects [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shandong Normal University, China.
	[吕怡清. (2022). 正念训练促进社会善念: 调节和中介效应(硕士学位论文). 山东师范大学, 济南.]
[90]	^* Ma, L., Li, X., & Xiang, Y. (2023). Perceived social support mediated the relationship between awe and altruism tendency in Chinese adolescents: Evidence from a longitudinal study and weekly dairy study. Current Psychology, 43, 7324-7338.
[91]	Ma, L. K. (2021). The effects of awe on cooperative behavior and its psychological mechanism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Hangzhou Normal University, China.
	[马羚凯. (2021). 敬畏感对合作行为的影响及其心理机制 (硕士学位论文). 杭州师范大学.]
[92]	^* Meng, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Awe in the workplace promotes prosocial behavior. PsyCh Journal, 12(1), 44-53.
[93]	^* Naclerio, M., & Van Cappellen, P. (2022). Awe, group cohesion, and religious self-sacrifice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 32(3), 256-271.
[94]	^* Nakayama, M., & Uchida, Y. (2020). Mediating function of awe from collective threat to self-transcendental values and eudaimonia. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yt3c4
[95]	^* Newson, M., Khurana, R., Cazorla, F., & Van Mulukom, V. (2021). 'I get high with a little help from my friends': How raves can invoke identity fusion and lasting co-operation via transformative experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 719596.
[96]	Niu, J. Q., & Liu, J. Y. (2022). Tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior intentions based on embodied perceptions: The arousal of awe and anticipated self- conscious emotions. Tourism Tribune, 37(5), 80-95.
	[牛璟祺, 刘静艳. (2022). 具身感知情境下的游客环境责任行为意向——敬畏感与预期自觉情绪的唤起. 旅游学刊, 37(5), 80-95.]
[97]	Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D.,... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 134, 178-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001 pmid: 33789819
[98]	Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., & Schroeder, D. A. (2005). Prosocial behavior: Multilevel perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 365-392. pmid: 15709940
[99]	Perlin, J. D., & Li, L. (2020). Why does awe have prosocial effects? New perspectives on awe and the small self. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(2), 291-308. doi: 10.1177/1745691619886006 pmid: 31930954
[100]	^* Piff, P. K., Dietze, P., Feinberg, M., Stancato, D. M., & Keltner, D. (2015). Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), 883-899. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000018 pmid: 25984788
[101]	^* Pizarro, J. J., Basabe, N., Fernández, I., Carrera, P., Apodaca, P., Ging, C. I. M., Cusi, O., & Páez, D. (2021). Self-Transcendent emotions and their social effects: Awe, elevation and kama muta promote a human identification and motivations to help others. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 709859.
[102]	^* Prade, C., & Saroglou, V. (2016). Awe's effects on generosity and helping. Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 522-530.
[103]	^* Prade, C., & Saroglou, V. (2023). Awe and social conformity: Awe promotes the endorsement of social norms and conformity to the majority opinion. Emotion, 23(7), 2100-2104. doi: 10.1037/emo0001225 pmid: 36892869
[104]	^* Pratscher, S. D. (2020). Transformative technology: Examining the capacity of virtual reality induced awe to change self-transcendent values and improve hedonic and eudaimonic well-being [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Missouri-Columbia.
[105]	Qi, X. X. (2018). Awe, place attachment and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior: The case of Mount Qian [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China.
	[祁潇潇. (2018). 敬畏情绪、地方依恋与旅游者环境责任行为关系研究——以千山景区为例 (硕士学位论文). 辽宁科技大学, 鞍山.]
[106]	Qian, C. (2017). The influence of awe on individual honest behavior in ego-depletion [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Soochow University, China.
	[钱程. (2017). 敬畏情绪对自我损耗下个体诚实行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 苏州大学.]
[107]	Qiao, Y. Y. (2019). The effect of awe on advice taking [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi Normal University, China.
	[乔园园. (2019). 敬畏情绪对建议采纳的影响 (硕士学位论文). 山西师范大学, 太原.]
[108]	Qu, X. Y. (2021). The influence of awe on interpersonal trust: The mediating role of psychological distance and the moderating role of familiarity [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Hunan Normal University, China.
	[屈晓燕. (2021). 敬畏情绪对人际信任的影响: 心理距离的中介作用及熟悉性的调节作用 (硕士学位论文). 湖南师范大学, 长沙.]
[109]	Quarmley, M., Feldman, J., Grossman, H., Clarkson, T., Moyer, A., & Jarcho, J. M. (2022). Testing effects of social rejection on aggressive and prosocial behavior: A meta- analysis. Aggressive Behavior, 48(6), 529-545. doi: 10.1002/ab.22026 pmid: 35349722
[110]	Rodgers, M. A., & Pustejovsky, J. E. (2021). Evaluating meta-analytic methods to detect selective reporting in the presence of dependent effect sizes. Psychological Methods, 26(2), 141-160.
[111]	Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638-641.
[112]	^* Rudd, M., Vohs, K. D., & Aaker, J. (2012). Awe expands people’s perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1130-1136.
[113]	^* Saito, T., Motoki, K., Nouchi, R., Kawashima, R., & Sugiura, M. (2019). Does incidental pride increase competency evaluation of others who appear careless? Discrete positive emotions and impression formation. PLOS ONE, 14(8), Article e0220883.
[114]	^* Schrage, K.(2022). Awe Promotes Relationship Quality and Prosocial Motivation through Appreciation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto.
[115]	^* Seo, M., Yang, S., & Laurent, S. M. (2023). No one is an island: Awe encourages global citizenship identification. Emotion, 23(3), 601-612.
[116]	^* Septianto, F., Nasution, R. A., Arnita, D., & Seo, Y. (2022). The role of threat-based awe and construal level in charitable advertising. European Journal of Marketing, 56(5), 1532-1555.
[117]	Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & Mossman, A. (2007). The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition & Emotion, 21(5), 944-963.
[118]	^* Stamkou, E., Brummelman, E., Dunham, R., Nikolic, M., & Keltner, D. (2023). Awe sparks prosociality in children. Psychological Science, 34(4), 455-467.
[119]	^* Stegemoeller, B..(2016). Collective awe and prosocial behavior [Unpublished master’s thesis]. DePaul University, Chicago.
[120]	^* Stellar, J. E., Gordon, A., Anderson, C. L., Piff, P. K., McNeil, G. D., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe and humility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 258-269. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000109 pmid: 28857578
[121]	Stellar, J. E., Gordon, A. M., Piff, P. K., Cordaro, D., Anderson, C. L., Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., & Keltner, D. (2017). Self-transcendent emotions and their social functions: Compassion, gratitude, and awe bind us to others through prosociality. Emotion Review, 9(3), 200-207.
[122]	^* Sturm, V. E., Datta, S., Roy, A. R. K., Sible, I. J., Kosik, E. L., Veziris, C. R.,... Keltner, D. (2022). Big smile, small self: Awe walks promote prosocial positive emotions in older adults. Emotion, 22(5), 1044-1058.
[123]	^* Su, W., Sun, X., Guo, X., Zhang, W., & Li, G. (2022). An analysis of awe evoked by COVID-19 on green purchasing behavior: A dual-path effect of approach-avoidance motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 952485.
[124]	Sun, S. X. (2022). Impact of tourists’ perception of environmental education on environmental responsibility behavior: Using awe and connectedness to nature as mediating variables [Unpublished master’s thesis]. South China University of Technology, China.
	[孙韶雄. (2022). 游客环境教育感知与环境责任行为关系研究——以敬畏情绪和自然联结为中介变量 (硕士学位论文). 华南理工大学, 广州.]
[125]	^* Sun, X., Su, W., Guo, X., & Tian, Z. (2021). The impact of awe induced by COVID-19 pandemic on green consumption behavior in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 543.
[126]	Sutton, A. J., Duval, S. J., Tweedie, R. L., Abrams, K. R., & Jones, D. R. (2000). Empirical assessment of effect of publication bias on meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 320(7249), 1574-1577.
[127]	Takano, R., & Nomura, M. (2023). Strengthened social ties in disasters: Threat-awe encourages interdependent worldviews via powerlessness. PLOS ONE, 18(4), Article e0285049.
[128]	Tang, M., Li, W. Q., Liu, F. H., & Yuan, B. (2019). The association between guilt and prosocial behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(5), 773-788. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00773
	[汤明, 李伟强, 刘福会, 袁博. (2019). 内疚与亲社会行为的关系: 来自元分析的证据. 心理科学进展, 27(5), 773-788.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00773
[129]	Tian, Y. (2016). The research on the awe emotion to affect the tourist’s satisfaction, loyalty and moral judgement in the tourism context [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Southwest Jiaotong University, China.
	[田野. (2016). 旅游情境下敬畏情绪对游客满意、忠诚和道德判断的影响研究 (博士学位论文). 西南交通大学, 成都.]
[130]	Tian, Y., Lu, D., Zhang, B. J., & Chen, Y. (2016). Research on awe from organization members to promote the organizational citizenship behavior. Soft Science, 30(3), 77-80.
	[田野, 卢东, 张博坚, 陈宇. (2016). 组织成员敬畏感对组织公民行为的促进作用研究. 软科学, 30(3), 77-80.]
[131]	Tyson, C., Hornsey, M. J., & Barlow, F. K. (2022). What does it mean to feel small? Three dimensions of the small self. Self and Identity, 21(4), 387-405.
[132]	Valentine, J. C., Cheung, M. W. L., Smith, E. J., Alexander, O., Hatton, J. M., Hong, R. Y.,... Seely, H. D. (2022). A primer on meta-analytic structural equation modeling: The case of depression. Prevention Science, 23(3), 346-365.
[133]	Van Cappellen, P., & Saroglou, V. (2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(3), 223-236.
[134]	Van Cappellen, P., Saroglou, V., Iweins, C., Piovesana, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Self-transcendent positive emotions increase spirituality through basic world assumptions. Cognition & Emotion, 27(8), 1378-1394.
[135]	Van den Noortgate, W., López-López, J. A., Marín-Martínez, F., & Sánchez-Meca, J. (2013). Three-level meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes. Behavior Research Methods, 45(2), 576-594. doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0261-6 pmid: 23055166
[136]	^* Vergara, E. V.(2022). Awe: A precursor to something more [Unpublished master’s thesis]. The Texas Woman’s University, Denton.
[137]	Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. W. L. (2010). Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 112-125. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.11 pmid: 26061377
[138]	^* Villar, S., Carrera, P., & Oceja, L. (2022). From aesthetics to ethics: Testing the link between an emotional experience of awe and the motive of quixoteism on (un)ethical behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 46(4), 508-520.
[139]	^* Wang, L., Zhang, G., Chen, J., Lu, X., & Song, F. (2022). The territory effect: How awe reduces territoriality and enhances sharing intention. Journal of Business Research, 148, 1-11.
[140]	Wang, L. A., Petrulla, V., Zampella, C. J., Waller, R., & Schultz, R. T. (2022). Gross motor impairment and its relation to social skills in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and two meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 148(3-4), 273-300. doi: 10.1037/bul0000358 pmid: 35511567
[141]	Wang, L. L., & Yu, Z. L. (2023). The relationships between awe and compliance and obedience: A cross-sectional study [Abstract]. In Chinese Psychological Society (Eds.), Proceedings of the 24th National Academic Congress of Psychology. Xinxiang: Chinese Psychological Society.
	[王璐璐, 尉兆梁. (2023). 特质敬畏、顺从与服从父母: 一项横断面的研究 [摘要]. 见中国心理学会 (编). 第二十四届全国心理学学术会议摘要集. 新乡: 中国心理学会. ]
[142]	^* Wang, M., Qu, X., Guo, C., & Wang, J. (2023). Awe elicited by natural disasters and willingness to help people in afflicted areas: A meditational model. Current Psychology, 42(24), 20883-20889.
[143]	Wang, R. C. (2021). The effect of power on cooperative behavior: The moderating role of awe [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Hunan Normal University, China.
	[王若宸. (2021). 权力对合作行为的影响: 敬畏的调节作用 (硕士学位论文). 湖南师范大学, 长沙.]
[144]	Wang, X. (2019). The effects of awe and arrogance on prosocial behavior and the mediating role of self-concept [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Nanjing Normal University, China.
	[王贤. (2019). 敬畏感、自大感对亲社会行为的影响——自我概念的中介作用 (硕士学位论文). 南京师范大学.]
[145]	Wang, Y. (2020). The effect of awe on interpersonal forgiveness [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ningbo University, China.
	[王影. (2020). 敬畏情绪对人际宽恕行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 宁波大学.]
[146]	Wang, Y. Y. (2019). The relationship between awe with fair perception and fair decision-making [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Zhejiang Normal University, China.
	[王园园. (2019). 敬畏与公平感知、公平决策的关系 (硕士学位论文). 浙江师范大学, 金华.]
[147]	Wu, D. D. (2018). The impact of awe on time perception and prosocial behavior [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi Normal University, China.
	[武朵朵. (2018). 敬畏对时间知觉及亲社会行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 山西师范大学, 太原.]
[148]	^* Wu, Q., Zhang, Y., He, W., & Cui, L. (2022). The relationship between adolescents’ materialism and cooperative propensity: The mediating role of greed and the moderating role of awe. Personality and Individual Differences, 189, Article 111484.
[149]	Wu, W. (2018). The study of awe, altruistic behavior, the mediating effect of small self [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Guangzhou University, China.
	[吴蔚. (2018). 敬畏对利他行为的影响: 去自我化的中介作用(硕士学位论文). 广州大学.]
[150]	Xuan, S. Q. (2023). The influence mechanism of awe on green consumption intention [Unpublished master’s thesis]. China University of Mining and Technology, China.
	[宣善奇. (2023). 敬畏感对绿色消费意愿的影响机制研究 (硕士学位论文). 中国矿业大学, 徐州.]
[151]	^* Yam, K. C., Tang, P. M., & Lam, C. (2023). Working with animals: Implications for employees’ compassion, awe, prosocial behavior, and task performance. Personnel Psychology, 76(1), 181-220.
[152]	^* Yang, Y., & Hu, J. (2021). Self-diminishing effects of awe on consumer forgiveness in service encounters. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 60, Article 102491.
[153]	^* Yang, Y., Hu, J., Jing, F. J., & Nguyen, B. (2018). From awe to ecological behavior: The mediating role of connectedness to nature. Sustainability, 10(7), Article 2477.
[154]	^* Yang, Y., Hu, J., & Nguyen, B. (2021). Awe, consumer conformity and social connectedness. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 39(7), 893-908.
[155]	^* Yang, Y., Li, O., Peng, X., & Wang, L. (2020). Consumption trends during the COVID-19 crisis: How awe, coping, and social norms drive utilitarian purchases. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 588580.
[156]	^* Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Bao, T., Liu, Y., & Passmore, H. -A. (2016). Elicited awe decreases aggression. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 10, Article e11.
[157]	Yuan, M. L., Wu, J. H., Jin, S. X., Lin, L., Kou, Y., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2024). The changes in cooperation among strangers in China: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of social dilemmas (1999-2019). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(9), 1159-1175.
	[苑明亮, 伍俊辉, 金淑娴, 林靓, 寇彧, Van Lange, P. A. M, 中国社会陌生人之间合作行为的变迁: 基于社会困境研究的元分析(1999-2019). 心理学报, 56(9), 1159-1175.]
[158]	Zhan, Q. X. (2022). The influence of awe on cooperative behaviour [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Shanxi Normal University, China.
	[占清霞. (2022). 敬畏对合作行为的影响 (硕士学位论文). 山西师范大学, 太原.]
[159]	Zhang, C. H. (2022). The effect of awe on tourist pro-environmental behaviors and its mechanism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
	[张彩红. (2022). 敬畏情绪对游客亲环境行为的影响及机制 (硕士学位论文). 西南财经大学, 成都.]
[160]	Zhang, J. M., Tao, Y., Yang, S. H., & Chen, R. (2024). A review on conceptual representation and its methods of prosocial behavior. Psychological Development and Education, 40(2), 298-304.
	[章洁敏, 陶云, 杨舒涵, 陈睿. (2024). 亲社会行为的概念表征及其方法述评. 心理发展与教育, 40(2), 298-304.]
[161]	Zhang, Q. P., & Kou, Y. (2011). The dimension of measurement on prosocial behavior: Exploration and confirmation. The Study of Sociology, 26(4), 105-121+244.
	[张庆鹏, 寇彧. (2011). 青少年亲社会行为测评维度的建立与验证. 社会学研究, 26(4), 105-121+244.]
[162]	Zhang, Z. Q. (2023). A study of the impact of tourist awe on national identity in the context of black tourism [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China.
	[张智倩. (2023). 黑色旅游情境下游客敬畏情绪对国家认同影响研究 (硕士学位论文). 辽宁科技大学, 鞍山.]
[163]	Zhao, K. X. (2023). Research on the influence of awe on college students’ implicit altruistic behavior [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Guizhou Normal University, China.
	[赵凯旋. (2023). 敬畏感对大学生内隐利他行为的影响研究 (硕士学位论文). 贵州师范大学, 贵阳.]
[164]	Zheng, H. M., Wen, Z. L., & Wu, Yan. (2011). The appropriate effect sizes and their calculations in psychological research. Advances in Psychological Science, 19(12), 1868-1878.
	[郑昊敏, 温忠麟, 吴艳. (2011). 心理学常用效应量的选用与分析. 心理科学进展, 19(12), 1868-1878.]
[165]	Zheng, Y. (2017). The effects of entertainment videos on positive emotions, personal resources and mental health: Based on the research of WeChat public platform video push [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Zhejiang Normal University, China.
	[郑英. (2017). 娱乐视频对大学生积极情绪、个人资源及心理健康的影响——基于微信公众平台推送模式的研究 (硕士学位论文). 浙江师范大学, 金华.]
[166]	Zhou, J. (2023). The influence of awe on proenvironmental behavior and its psychological mechanism exploration [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Guangxi Normal University, China.
	[周健. (2023). 敬畏对亲环境行为的影响及其心理机制探究 (硕士学位论文). 广西师范大学, 桂林.]
[167]	Zhu, H. W., Duan, X. L., & Su, Y. (2019). Is the sense of awe an effective emotion to promote product sharing: Based on the type of awe and tie strength. Journal of Marketing Science, 15(4), 20-37.
	[朱华伟, 段晓玲, 苏羽. (2019). 敬畏感是促进产品分享的有效情感吗——基于敬畏感类型及关系强度的研究. 营销科学学报, 15(4), 20-37.]

语言	数据库	检索条件	敬畏感	亲社会行为
中文	中国知网、万方、维普	篇名、关键词、摘要、主题	敬畏(感)、特质敬畏(感)、诱发敬畏(感)、状态敬畏(感)	亲社会性、亲社会行为、利他主义、利他行为、利他惩罚、共情、不公平厌恶、公平、安慰、关心、帮助、捐赠、慈善、志愿、分享、信任、合作、互惠、服从、自我牺牲
英文	Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar	篇名、关键词、摘要、主题	awe, dispositional awe, awe trait, elicited awe, state awe, awesome trait	prosociality, prosocial behavior/behaviour, altruism, altruistic behavior, altruistic punishment, empathy, inequity aversion, fairness, comfort, care, help, donate, donation, charity, charitable, volunteer, share, trust, trustworthiness, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, reciprocity, reciprocal, compliance, self-sacrifice

语言	数据库	检索条件	敬畏感	亲社会行为
中文	中国知网、万方、维普	篇名、关键词、摘要、主题	敬畏(感)、特质敬畏(感)、诱发敬畏(感)、状态敬畏(感)	亲社会性、亲社会行为、利他主义、利他行为、利他惩罚、共情、不公平厌恶、公平、安慰、关心、帮助、捐赠、慈善、志愿、分享、信任、合作、互惠、服从、自我牺牲
英文	Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar	篇名、关键词、摘要、主题	awe, dispositional awe, awe trait, elicited awe, state awe, awesome trait	prosociality, prosocial behavior/behaviour, altruism, altruistic behavior, altruistic punishment, empathy, inequity aversion, fairness, comfort, care, help, donate, donation, charity, charitable, volunteer, share, trust, trustworthiness, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, reciprocity, reciprocal, compliance, self-sacrifice

调节变量		效应量个数	Fisher’s z [95% CI]	r [95% CI]	Omnibus test (含组间比较)	研究内方差 (水平2)	研究间方差 (水平3)
发表状态					F (1, 159) = 0.08	0.015^***	0.025^***
	正式发表P	88	0.39[0.32, 0.45]	0.37[0.31, 0.43]
	未正式发表UP	73	0.40[0.34, 0.46]	0.38[0.33, 0.43]
身份					F (1, 159) = 1.91	0.015^***	0.024^***
	学生S	92	0.36[0.30, 0.42]	0.35[0.29, 0.40]
	非学生O	69	0.43[0.36, 0.49]	0.40[0.35, 0.46]
文化背景					F (1, 159) = 4.79^*	0.015^***	0.022^***
	集体主义文化C	139	0.41[0.37, 0.46]	0.39[0.35, 0.43]	C > I
	个体主义文化I	22	0.28[0.16, 0.39]	0.27[0.16, 0.39]
亲社会行为测量方式					F (1, 159) = 7.54^**	0.014^***	0.022^***
	主观报告S (如亲社会行为量表)	150	0.41[0.36, 0.45]	0.39[0.35, 0.42]	S > EB
	实验室行为指标EB (如独裁者游戏的金额分配)	11	0.24[0.12, 0.36]	0.23[0.12, 0.34]
亲社会行为类型					F (3, 121) = 2.63^&	0.014^***	0.028^***
	利他性亲社会行为A	15	0.36[0.26, 0.47]	0.35[0.25, 0.44]	B > C
	遵规与公益性亲社会行为B	50	0.48[0.40, 0.57]	0.45[0.38, 0.51]
	关系性亲社会行为C	35	0.34[0.26, 0.41]	0.32[0.25, 0.39]
	特质性亲社会行为D	25	0.41[0.32, 0.49]	0.38[0.31, 0.45]
亲社会行为对象					F (3, 88) = 1.87	0.013^***	0.037^***
	个体(如帮助某一研究人员)A	16	0.39[0.27, 0.51]	0.37[0.27, 0.47]
	群体(如给受灾群体的捐赠意愿)B	44	0.37[0.28, 0.46]	0.35[0.27, 0.43]
	环境(如给某个环境组织的捐赠意愿)C	23	0.49[0.37, 0.60]	0.45[0.35, 0.54]
	全人类(如给全人类或全球的捐赠意愿)D	9	0.30[0.18, 0.43]	0.29[0.18, 0.40]
亲社会行为代价a					F (1, 159) = 1.14	0.015^***	0.024^***
	无N	86	0.41[0.36, 0.46]	0.39[0.34, 0.43]
	有Y	75	0.38[0.32, 0.43]]	0.36[0.31, 0.41]
亲社会行为代价b					F (1, 32) = 0.12	0.045^***	0.011
	时间A	0	-	-
	金钱B	9	0.32[0.15, 0.49]	0.31[0.15, 0.46]
	努力C	25	0.36[0.25, 0.46]	0.34[0.25, 0.43]

调节变量		效应量个数	Fisher’s z [95% CI]	r [95% CI]	Omnibus test (含组间比较)	研究内方差 (水平2)	研究间方差 (水平3)
发表状态					F (1, 159) = 0.08	0.015^***	0.025^***
	正式发表P	88	0.39[0.32, 0.45]	0.37[0.31, 0.43]
	未正式发表UP	73	0.40[0.34, 0.46]	0.38[0.33, 0.43]
身份					F (1, 159) = 1.91	0.015^***	0.024^***
	学生S	92	0.36[0.30, 0.42]	0.35[0.29, 0.40]
	非学生O	69	0.43[0.36, 0.49]	0.40[0.35, 0.46]
文化背景					F (1, 159) = 4.79^*	0.015^***	0.022^***
	集体主义文化C	139	0.41[0.37, 0.46]	0.39[0.35, 0.43]	C > I
	个体主义文化I	22	0.28[0.16, 0.39]	0.27[0.16, 0.39]
亲社会行为测量方式					F (1, 159) = 7.54^**	0.014^***	0.022^***
	主观报告S (如亲社会行为量表)	150	0.41[0.36, 0.45]	0.39[0.35, 0.42]	S > EB
	实验室行为指标EB (如独裁者游戏的金额分配)	11	0.24[0.12, 0.36]	0.23[0.12, 0.34]
亲社会行为类型					F (3, 121) = 2.63^&	0.014^***	0.028^***
	利他性亲社会行为A	15	0.36[0.26, 0.47]	0.35[0.25, 0.44]	B > C
	遵规与公益性亲社会行为B	50	0.48[0.40, 0.57]	0.45[0.38, 0.51]
	关系性亲社会行为C	35	0.34[0.26, 0.41]	0.32[0.25, 0.39]
	特质性亲社会行为D	25	0.41[0.32, 0.49]	0.38[0.31, 0.45]
亲社会行为对象					F (3, 88) = 1.87	0.013^***	0.037^***
	个体(如帮助某一研究人员)A	16	0.39[0.27, 0.51]	0.37[0.27, 0.47]
	群体(如给受灾群体的捐赠意愿)B	44	0.37[0.28, 0.46]	0.35[0.27, 0.43]
	环境(如给某个环境组织的捐赠意愿)C	23	0.49[0.37, 0.60]	0.45[0.35, 0.54]
	全人类(如给全人类或全球的捐赠意愿)D	9	0.30[0.18, 0.43]	0.29[0.18, 0.40]
亲社会行为代价a					F (1, 159) = 1.14	0.015^***	0.024^***
	无N	86	0.41[0.36, 0.46]	0.39[0.34, 0.43]
	有Y	75	0.38[0.32, 0.43]]	0.36[0.31, 0.41]
亲社会行为代价b					F (1, 32) = 0.12	0.045^***	0.011
	时间A	0	-	-
	金钱B	9	0.32[0.15, 0.49]	0.31[0.15, 0.46]
	努力C	25	0.36[0.25, 0.46]	0.34[0.25, 0.43]

调节变量		效应量个数	Hedges’ g [95% CI]	Omnibus test (含组间比较)	研究内方差 (水平2)	研究间方差 (水平3)
发表状态				F (1, 457) = 1.12	0.071^***	0.377^***
	正式发表P	222	0.52[0.37, 0.68]
	未正式发表UP	237	0.64[0.50, 0.79]
身份				F (1, 455) = 0.60	0.071^***	0.381^***
	学生S	320	0.62[0.49, 0.75]
	非学生O	137	0.53[035, 0.71]
文化背景				F (1, 453) = 20.65^***	0.073^***	0.326^***
	集体主义文化C	274	0.75[0.63, 0.87]	C > I
	个体主义文化I	181	0.28[0.12, 0.45]
敬畏感效价				F (1, 425) = 3.95^*	0.070^***	0.407^***
	积极P	386	0.61[0.49, 0.72]	P > N
	消极N	41	0.46[0.28, 0.63]
敬畏感诱发源				F (2, 383) = 1.98	0.090^***	0.426^***
	物理P	259	0.62[0.49, 0.75]	S>P^†
	社会S	64	0.84[0.58, 1.12]	S>C^$
	认知C	63	0.48[0.20, 0.76]
敬畏感诱发方式				F (5, 453) = 0.82	0.072^***	0.378^***
	视频V	239	0.59[0.44, 0.74]
	回忆R	130	0.50[0.31, 0.69]
	图像I	52	0.83[0.54, 1.13]
	音乐M	18	0.43[−0.30, 1.17]
	文字材料T	5	0.49[−0.03, 1.00]
	真实情境RS	15	0.47[−0.03, 0.97]
亲社会行为测量方式				F (2, 456) = 2.87^%	0.070^***	0.375^***
	主观报告S (如亲社会行为量表)	219	0.60[0.48, 0.72]	EB > OB
	实验室行为指标EB (如独裁者游戏中的金额分配)	196	0.61[0.49, 0.73]	S > OB
	客观行为指标OB (如真实情境下帮助实验者捡笔的行为)	44	0.34[0.11, 0.57]
亲社会行为类型				F (3, 430) = 3.91^**	0.071^***	0.365^***
	利他性亲社会行为A	87	0.58[0.43, 0.74]	B > A、C > D
	遵规与公益性亲社会行为B	113	0.73[0.58, 0.88]
	关系性亲社会行为C	156	0.59[0.44, 0.73]
	特质性亲社会行为D	78	0.41[0.25, 0.57]
亲社会行为对象				F (3, 381) = 8.56^***	0.086^***	0.370^***
	个体(如帮助某一研究人员)A	147	0.44[0.29, 0.60]	C > D、B、A
	群体(如给受灾群体的捐赠意愿)B	143	0.47[0.31, 0.63]
	环境(如给某个环境组织的捐赠意愿)C	75	1.12[0.89, 1.35]
	全人类(如给全人类或全球的捐赠意愿)D	20	0.57[0.31, 0.83]
亲社会代价a				F (1, 449) = 2.17	0.032^***	0.244^***
	无N	220	0.51[0.42, 0.61]
	有Y	231	0.57[0.48, 0.67]
亲社会代价b				F (2, 203) = 0.34	0.047^***	0.380^***
	时间A	28	0.62[0.40, 0.85]
	金钱B	130	0.63[0.48, 0.78]
	努力C	48	0.55[0.36, 0.74]