父母情感温暖、自我控制与青少年亲社会行为的关系: 多基因的调节作用及父母差异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0599

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究构建“环境×多基因−内表型−行为”理论框架, 对880名中学生进行为期半年的追踪研究, 考察了自我控制在父母情感温暖与青少年亲社会行为之间的中介作用; 进一步地, 采用多基因累加分数的研究范式, 探讨多巴胺系统、血清素系统和催产素系统基因(COMT基因rs6269、HTR2A基因rs6313、OXTR基因rs53576、OXTR基因rs2254295和OXTR 基因rs2254298)如何调节该中介机制, 并检验其中的父母差异。结果显示:(1)控制亲社会行为基线水平后, 父母情感温暖不仅正向预测亲社会行为, 还可以通过自我控制对亲社会行为产生影响; (2)多基因累加分数与父母情感温暖的交互作用不能直接预测亲社会行为, 而是通过自我控制影响亲社会行为, 且该机制不存在父母差异。在多基因累加分数较高的青少年群体中, 父母情感温暖显著正向预测自我控制, 进而影响亲社会行为; 而在多基因累加分数较低的青少年群体中, 该中介作用路径不显著。研究结果阐明父母情感温暖对青少年自我控制、亲社会行为的影响如何因多基因累加分数的不同而产生差异, 有助于深化对亲社会行为发生机制的认识。

关键词: 亲社会行为, 父母情感温暖, 自我控制, 多基因累加分数, 父母差异

Abstract:

Previous quantitative genetic studies have demonstrated that adolescent self-control is influenced by parenting and genetics. In most existing studies, researchers have explored only the impact of the interaction between a single gene and parental factors on adolescent prosocial behaviour, but exploration of the endophenotype mechanism underlying the impact of the interaction between genes and the environment on prosocial behaviour is lacking. According to social cognitive models of prosocial behaviors, sociocognitive and socioemotive traits may be important mediators of environmental and genetic interactions on individual behaviors. In recent years, the single-polymorphism G×E design has been criticized for unreliable findings and difficult replication. As a potential solution, researchers have constructed multilocus genetic profile scores (MGPSs) to explore how environmental factors interact with genetic factors to predict adolescent development. Therefore, this study examined self-control as a mediator of the link between parental emotional warmth and adolescents’ prosocial behavior. Furthermore, this study developed an MGPS composed of five functional SNPs (COMT gene rs6269, HTR2A gene rs6313, OXTR gene rs53576, OXTR gene rs2254295, and OXTR gene rs2254298) and examined whether the MGPS moderates the mediating effect of self-control.

Using a 2-time longitudinal design (6 months apart), this study recruited 880 adolescents by cluster sampling at T1 in Guangzhou, China. All adolescents completed questionnaires about parental emotional warmth, prosocial behavior, and demographic characteristics and provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. At T2, 723 adolescents remained in the study and reported their prosocial behavior and self-control. All polymorphisms were genotyped using SNaPshot analysis (Applied Biosystems).

After controlling for the baseline levels of prosocial behavior, parental emotional warmth positively and significantly predicted adolescents’ prosocial behavior. Self-control mediated the link between parental emotional warmth and adolescents’ prosocial behavior. Furthermore, the MGPS moderated the mediating mechanism but not the direct impact of parental emotional warmth on adolescents’ prosocial behavior, and the model coefficients were invariant for mothers and fathers. Specifically, the MGPS moderated the effect of parental emotional warmth on self-control such that the effect was stronger in adolescents with higher MGPS than in those with lower MGPS. For adolescents with higher MGPS, parental emotional warmth was related to higher levels of self-control, which in turn increased prosocial behavior. However, this mediating effect was not observed among adolescents with lower MGPS.

The results highlight the importance of examining multiple genes and endophenotypic mechanisms to explore the relationship between gene−environmental interactions and adolescents’ prosocial behavior and provide new evidence for the “environment×polygene−endophenotypic−behavior” research framework.

Key words: prosocial behavior, parental emotional warmth, self-control, multilocus genetic profile scores, parental gender differences

中图分类号:

B844

聂衍刚, 陈沛, 王林欣, 喻承甫, 利振华. (2025). 父母情感温暖、自我控制与青少年亲社会行为的关系: 多基因的调节作用及父母差异. 心理学报, 57(4), 599-613.

NIE Yangang, CHEN Pei, WANG Linxin, YU Chengfu, LI Zhenhua. (2025). Parental emotional warmth, self-control and adolescent prosocial behavior: The moderating role of multilocus genetic and parental gender differences. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(4), 599-613.

图/表 8

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生物系统	基因	SNP ID	参照基因/ 最小等位基因	MAF (%)
多巴胺	DRD1	rs4532	T/C	13.38
	DRD1	rs686	A/G	14.10
	DRD2	rs1800497	G/A	39.38
	DRD2	rs6277	G/A	5.92
	DRD2	rs6275	A/G	45.10
	DRD2	rs4648317	G/A	37.49
	DRD2	rs27072	C/T	28.35
	DRD2	rs1799732	G/T	11.20
	DRD2	rs2283265	C/A	42.38
	DRD2	rs1079597	C/T	42.29
	DRD3	rs167771	A/G	15.80
	DRD3	rs6280	T/C	30.31
	DRD4	rs1800955	T/C	38.62
	DRD4	rs3758653	T/C	27.01
	DRD4	rs752306	C/T	20.77
	COMT	rs6269	A/G	32.95
	COMT	rs737866	T/C	26.70
	COMT	rs4680	G/A	25.35
	COMT	rs4633	C/T	25.31
	COMT	rs4818	C/G	32.02
	COMT	rs4646312	T/C	32.09
催产素	OXTR	rs2254298	G/A	30.37
	OXTR	rs53576	A/G	32.16
	OXTR	rs237887	G/A	44.41
	OXTR	rs2254295	T/C	30.77
	OXTR	rs237915	T/C	5.98
	OXTR	rs2268498	T/C	30.83
	OXTR	rs2268493	T/C	14.09
	OXTR	rs237885	G/T	29.66
	OXTR	rs1042778	G/T	7.36
五羟色胺	MAOA	rs1465108	A/G	42.12
	MAOA	rs6323	G/T	41.59
	HTR1A	rs6295	G/C	22.90
	HTR2A	rs6313	T/C	36.59
	HTR2A	rs6311	T/C	36.05
	HTR1B	rs6298	G/A	48.57
	HTR1B	rs6296	C/G	48.12

生物系统	基因	SNP ID	参照基因/ 最小等位基因	MAF (%)
多巴胺	DRD1	rs4532	T/C	13.38
	DRD1	rs686	A/G	14.10
	DRD2	rs1800497	G/A	39.38
	DRD2	rs6277	G/A	5.92
	DRD2	rs6275	A/G	45.10
	DRD2	rs4648317	G/A	37.49
	DRD2	rs27072	C/T	28.35
	DRD2	rs1799732	G/T	11.20
	DRD2	rs2283265	C/A	42.38
	DRD2	rs1079597	C/T	42.29
	DRD3	rs167771	A/G	15.80
	DRD3	rs6280	T/C	30.31
	DRD4	rs1800955	T/C	38.62
	DRD4	rs3758653	T/C	27.01
	DRD4	rs752306	C/T	20.77
	COMT	rs6269	A/G	32.95
	COMT	rs737866	T/C	26.70
	COMT	rs4680	G/A	25.35
	COMT	rs4633	C/T	25.31
	COMT	rs4818	C/G	32.02
	COMT	rs4646312	T/C	32.09
催产素	OXTR	rs2254298	G/A	30.37
	OXTR	rs53576	A/G	32.16
	OXTR	rs237887	G/A	44.41
	OXTR	rs2254295	T/C	30.77
	OXTR	rs237915	T/C	5.98
	OXTR	rs2268498	T/C	30.83
	OXTR	rs2268493	T/C	14.09
	OXTR	rs237885	G/T	29.66
	OXTR	rs1042778	G/T	7.36
五羟色胺	MAOA	rs1465108	A/G	42.12
	MAOA	rs6323	G/T	41.59
	HTR1A	rs6295	G/C	22.90
	HTR2A	rs6313	T/C	36.59
	HTR2A	rs6311	T/C	36.05
	HTR1B	rs6298	G/A	48.57
	HTR1B	rs6296	C/G	48.12

变量	M	SD	Max	Min	偏度	峰度	分数区间分布
变量	M	SD	Max	Min	偏度	峰度	[0, 0.4]	(0.4, 0.8]	(0.8, 1.2]	(1.2~1.6]	(1.6~2.0]
多基因累加分数	1.20	0.36	2.00	0.20	−0.23	−0.43	28(3.2%)	150(17.1%)	325(36.9%)	318(36.1%)	59(6.7%)

变量	M	SD	Max	Min	偏度	峰度	分数区间分布
变量	M	SD	Max	Min	偏度	峰度	[0, 0.4]	(0.4, 0.8]	(0.8, 1.2]	(1.2~1.6]	(1.6~2.0]
多基因累加分数	1.20	0.36	2.00	0.20	−0.23	−0.43	28(3.2%)	150(17.1%)	325(36.9%)	318(36.1%)	59(6.7%)

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. 父母情感温暖(T1)	−
2. 多基因累加分数(T1)	0.00	−
3. 自我控制(T2)	0.21^***	−0.01	−
4. 亲社会行为(T1)	0.37^***	0.01	0.32^***	−
5. 亲社会行为(T2)	0.30^***	−0.00	0.23^***	0.50^***	−
6. 年龄	0.09^**	−0.07^*	−0.09^*	−0.04	0.07	−
7. 性别	−0.09^**	0.04	−0.01	0.06	0.07	−0.11^**	−
8. 家庭经济水平	0.17^***	−0.02	0.14^***	0.18^***	0.07	−0.13^***	−0.02	−
9. 父亲受教育程度	0.23^***	−0.01	0.15^***	0.13^***	0.10^*	−0.01	0.06	0.25^***	−
10. 母亲受教育程度	0.20^***	−0.06	0.12^***	0.14^***	0.11^**	−0.04	0.04	0.26^***	0.67^***	−
M	2.81	1.20	3.60	1.41	1.40	14.34	45.75^a	3.16	3.83	3.68
SD	0.67	0.36	0.63	0.43	0.47	1.50	−	0.60	1.42	1.43
偏度	−0.17	−0.23	0.27	−0.26	−0.32	−0.03	−0.17	0.03	−0.08	0.05