心理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 1361-1375.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01361
张梅1, 丁书恒1, 刘国芳2, 徐亚珍1, 傅鑫媛1, 张巍3, 辛自强4()
收稿日期:
2021-02-04
发布日期:
2021-10-26
出版日期:
2021-12-25
通讯作者:
辛自强
E-mail:xinziqiang@sohu.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Mei1, DING Shuheng1, LIU Guofang2, XU Yazhen1, FU Xinyuan1, ZHANG Wei3, XIN Ziqiang4()
Received:
2021-02-04
Online:
2021-10-26
Published:
2021-12-25
Contact:
XIN Ziqiang
E-mail:xinziqiang@sohu.com
摘要:
在网络突发事件的产生和传播中, 人们往往更关注负面信息的加工和传递, 存在负性偏向。本研究依据事件酝酿、爆发、蔓延阶段的特征, 构建心理机制模型, 通过3项研究分别检验了信息内容、信息加工和信息传递中负性偏向的产生和发展。结果表明, 负性偏向不仅产生于网络突发事件的源头语篇中, 还产生于个体信息加工和人际信息传递过程, 表现为个体对负性词汇更好的记忆效果及更高的辨别力, 以及网民间对负性信息的选择性传递和对模糊信息的负性解读。研究有利于认识网络突发事件信息传播规律, 科学应对舆情危机, 创新网络治理。
中图分类号:
张梅, 丁书恒, 刘国芳, 徐亚珍, 傅鑫媛, 张巍, 辛自强. (2021). 网络突发事件中的负性偏向:产生与表现. 心理学报, 53(12), 1361-1375.
ZHANG Mei, DING Shuheng, LIU Guofang, XU Yazhen, FU Xinyuan, ZHANG Wei, XIN Ziqiang. (2021). Negativity bias in emergent online events: Occurrence and manifestation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(12), 1361-1375.
正性词汇 | 中性词汇 | 负性词汇 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
文中词 | 非文中词 | 文中词 | 非文中词 | 文中词 | 非文中词 |
珍惜 | 情怀 | 究竟 | 背景 | 肮脏 | 压抑 |
生命 | 面对 | 移交 | 考核 | 走火入魔 | 提心吊胆 |
承载 | 耐心 | 润滑剂 | 概率 | 偷偷摸摸 | 自杀 |
喜出望外 | 保护 | 原来 | 自责 | 违禁 | 犯罪 |
胜利 | 纯真 | 社会 | 处理 | 别无选择 | 地狱 |
活泼 | 温暖 | 反应 | 职业 | 公然 | 圈钱 |
热爱 | 信心 | 彻底 | 产品 | 投诉 | 走投无路 |
曙光 | 善解人意 | 平行 | 网络 | 背着 | 残害 |
愉悦 | 真诚 | 曾经 | 同事 | 消灭 | 粗暴 |
出类拔萃 | 活灵活现 | 状态 | 新闻 | 意外 | 作恶 |
表1 实验中所用再认词汇
正性词汇 | 中性词汇 | 负性词汇 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
文中词 | 非文中词 | 文中词 | 非文中词 | 文中词 | 非文中词 |
珍惜 | 情怀 | 究竟 | 背景 | 肮脏 | 压抑 |
生命 | 面对 | 移交 | 考核 | 走火入魔 | 提心吊胆 |
承载 | 耐心 | 润滑剂 | 概率 | 偷偷摸摸 | 自杀 |
喜出望外 | 保护 | 原来 | 自责 | 违禁 | 犯罪 |
胜利 | 纯真 | 社会 | 处理 | 别无选择 | 地狱 |
活泼 | 温暖 | 反应 | 职业 | 公然 | 圈钱 |
热爱 | 信心 | 彻底 | 产品 | 投诉 | 走投无路 |
曙光 | 善解人意 | 平行 | 网络 | 背着 | 残害 |
愉悦 | 真诚 | 曾经 | 同事 | 消灭 | 粗暴 |
出类拔萃 | 活灵活现 | 状态 | 新闻 | 意外 | 作恶 |
词汇性质 | P击中 | P漏报 | P虚报 | P正确否定 | 辨别力A′ | 判断标准B″ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
正性 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | 0.30 ± 0.20 | 0.64 ± 0.23 | 0.36 ± 0.23 | 0.55 ± 0.16 | -0.16 ± 0.32 |
中性 | 0.64 ± 0.19 | 0.36 ± 0.19 | 0.60 ± 0.26 | 0.40 ± 0.26 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | -0.13 ± 0.34 |
负性 | 0.61 ± 0.22 | 0.39 ± 0.22 | 0.37 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 0.03 ± 0.38 |
表2 不同类型词汇的信号检测论指标分析(M ± SD)
词汇性质 | P击中 | P漏报 | P虚报 | P正确否定 | 辨别力A′ | 判断标准B″ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
正性 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | 0.30 ± 0.20 | 0.64 ± 0.23 | 0.36 ± 0.23 | 0.55 ± 0.16 | -0.16 ± 0.32 |
中性 | 0.64 ± 0.19 | 0.36 ± 0.19 | 0.60 ± 0.26 | 0.40 ± 0.26 | 0.52 ± 0.21 | -0.13 ± 0.34 |
负性 | 0.61 ± 0.22 | 0.39 ± 0.22 | 0.37 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 0.03 ± 0.38 |
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