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2002, Volume 10 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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RETRIEVAL MECHANISM OF RECOGNITION MEMORY REVEALED FROM EVENT-RELATE POTENTIALS Luo Yuejia, Wei Xing 2002, 10 (1):  1-6.  Abstract ( 981 )   PDF (509KB) ( 1827 )   Event-related potential (ERP) is a special and original method for memory research, which includings derectly explicit test and indirectly implicit test. As the rerults, we can see the ERP old-new effects and repeated patterns. That is, ERPs elicited by recalled were more positive-going after 200 ms stimuli onset than that by unrecalled items. There are several academic explanations on the ERP pattern on the memory retrieval. However, it is necessary to lucubrate more and farther for auditory memory, Chinese word memory, and their neural mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA Meng Xiangzhi, Zhou Xiaolin 2002, 10 (1):  7-14.  Abstract ( 1029 )   PDF (508KB) ( 1697 )   Developmental dyslexia is an important topic concerning human health and development, exploring its mechanisms will be benefit for therapeutic intervention. Based on reviewing the definition, research topics, and theoretical dispute, the authors mainly introduced the neurological and inherit studies. It was found that the asymmetries of brain structure and function, the activation patterns while conducting cognitive tasks, the time course of activation and visual magnocellular were different between dyslexia and normal readers. The concordance of developmental dyslexia in monozygotic twins was much higher than that in dizygotic twins. Studies had also demonstrated linkage of dyslexia to several chromosomes, such as 6, and 15. These results indicated that there were biological foundations underlying developmental dyslexia. Related Articles | Metrics

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THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEMANTIC CATEGORY-SPECIFIC DEFICIT Han Zaizhu, Bai Xiaoli, Shu Hua 2002, 10 (1):  15-20.  Abstract ( 1097 )   PDF (498KB) ( 1361 )   In the study on human cognitive mechanism, the way of collecting data from patients begins to become an important technique in cognitive neuroscience recently. In the past few years, authors have found some brain-damaged patients with semantic category-specific deficit who show a relatively lower cognitive ability in some specific semantic categories than in other ones. By means of the wonderful finding, a new study area is developed for exploring the structure and function of semantic memory system. In the present paper, we focus on introducing the finding and four new semantic memory theories based on it , and survey the human semantic memory. Related Articles | Metrics

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STAPLE EXPERIMENTAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN PROCESSING SPEED RESEARCH Luo Ting, Jiao Shulan 2002, 10 (1):  21-28.  Abstract ( 1167 )   PDF (508KB) ( 2281 )   Processing speed theory is one of the theories trying to explain the relation between age and recognition aging, and it is one of the hotspots of later-year psychology researches. This article reviewed the researches on processing speed theory from four aspects: the theory, the experimental design, the test and the statistic method. Based on the expatiation on the theory, it introduced the criterion of test choosing, and the staple tests and statistic methods. The author believes that to do a successful research must comprehend the theory deeply, design the experiments carefully, choose proper tests and use appropriate statistic methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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The New Development of Attention Visual Search Study Zhao Dongmei, Liu Ming 2002, 10 (1):  29-35.  Abstract ( 1486 )   PDF (514KB) ( 2760 )   Past view of attentive visual search was attention scanning is by the ways of serial search or parallel search, but Wolfe(1998) sorting out and analyzing the data collected through ten years verified past visual search view is wrong for they didn抰 find the distribution ways of serial search or parallel. Moreover, his new study shows that attentive visual search also follow cognitive economy principle: freedom search is the more fast way to find aim than system scan. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress on Implicit Causality Effects in Pronoun Resolution Leng Ying, Mo Lei 2002, 10 (1):  36-41.  Abstract ( 1042 )   PDF (502KB) ( 1412 )   Implicit causality in interpersonal verbs might influnce resolution of pronouns. Researches on comprehension of sentences demonstrate that implicit causality effect might occur either when participants encounter the verbs or they intergrate the whole sentence. So there are three accounts. Different investigators hold different theories. In the future,researches will be focused on the different factors which influnce the time course of implicit causality. Related Articles | Metrics

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CURRENT WORK ON CHILDREN'S USE OF ANALOGY STRATEGIES IN NEW WORD READING Chen Zhansheng, Mo Lei 2002, 10 (1):  42-47.  Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (497KB) ( 1144 )   Can children make use of spelling-to-sound correspondence when they initially read? If that抯 the truth, which spelling segment or segments are the analogy based on? and whether the analogy ability raises gradually or remains the same. All these are of the central concerns in the past two decades. With the prominent work of two important researchers U.Goswami and J.A.Bowey, the paper shows the process of research on such respects, and it illuminates the methodological reasons of the issues, furthermore, it gives some views about the new researching tendency. Related Articles | Metrics

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MATHEMATICAL LEARNING DISABILITY:ITS RESEARCH AND TREND Zeng Panpan;Yu Guoliang 2002, 10 (1):  48-56.  Abstract ( 1083 )   PDF (517KB) ( 1924 )   Cognitive and neuropsychological research on basic arithmetic skills of MD (mathematical learning disability) children investigated three subtypes of MD, including Semantic Memory MD, Procedural MD and Visuospatial MD. Recent research on higher-level mathematical problem solving of MD children possess three features: fields involved in MD research growing in number;more cognitive and uncognitive factors related to MD being considered;intervening research increasing. The present approach is meeting these challenges including identifying MD children, the defective concept of "defect," and the weakness of neurological explanations. The further research on MD should be carried on from developmental and holy perspectives. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE SUMMARIZATIONS ON THE REPRESENTATION ABILITY OF 0 - 1.5 YEARS OLD INFANTS Bai Qiongying, Li Hong (Department of Psychology South-west China Normal University ,400715) 2002, 10 (1):  57-64.  Abstract ( 1336 )   PDF (506KB) ( 1826 )   This essay introduces chiefly foreign achievements of research on the knowledge representations of 0-1.5 Years Old infants. It points out that the representation ability of infants develops from perceptions-based to meanings-based. Even very young infants have considerably complex ability of representation. They can represent the change of protypes and recognize different kinds of objects. They also can represent spatial relations, occlusion, number and causal relations. At the same time, they are able to understand agency to some degree ane form schemas and concepts gradually. Related Articles | Metrics

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AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHES ON SELF-CONTROL IN CHILDREN Chen Weimin, Sang Biao 2002, 10 (1):  65-70.  Abstract ( 1361 )   PDF (501KB) ( 3969 )   Self-control in children refers to their ability to suppress a dominant response and perform a subdominant response. This article reviewed some major developments and findings on this topic recently, including the debate on its definition, the cognitive basis and manifestations of its early genesis, the stability and gender differences, its relations to attention and language, and the effects of parenting on its development. A prediction of the future trends in this field is also suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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ALIENATION: ITS ADVANCES AND THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION Yang Dong, Wu Xiaorong 2002, 10 (1):  71-77.  Abstract ( 1603 )   PDF (504KB) ( 7583 )   This article reviewed the studies of alienation from the difinition of alienation, theoretical construction and experimental studies, etc., and from the whole, and found that (1) there are many different concepts of the alienation, the studies of alienation are lack of a general theoritical construction; (2) almost all the studies on alienation are only the reflection of European or Japanese culture, the results may not be fit for the Chinese people; (3) there are lack of studies on the high school students or hobbledehoys and (4) on the developmental characteristics of alienation and so we cannot understand the inner processes and continuity of individual alienation develops and changes. So we put forword an operative difinition of alienation and construct a two-level, ten-dimension alienation theoretical structure in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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ERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY: A NEW COGNITIVE BIASES THEORY Li Hong, Zheng QuanQuan 2002, 10 (1):  78-82.  Abstract ( 1625 )   PDF (493KB) ( 3729 )   Error management theory is a new theory of cognitive biases based on a new conceptadaptive biases. It proposes that when judgments are under uncertainty, two general types of errors are possiblefalse positives(typeⅠerrors) and false negatives(type Ⅱerrors). The costs of these two types of errors are asymmetrical. Whenever the costs of errors are asymmetrical, humanly engineered systems should be built to be biased toward making less costly errors. This bias might increase overall error rates, but it minimizes overall cost. In this article, the author still suggests the extensive prospects of EMT in social psychology, especially in aggression domain and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT IN ORGANIZATION Li Yuan, Guo Dejun 2002, 10 (1):  83-90.  Abstract ( 1618 )   PDF (511KB) ( 7349 )   Psychological contract in Organization is a mental bond between employees and their organization. It has powerful effects on employee抯 behavior and attitude. 揘ew generation?researchers of psychological contract focus more on quantitative research methodology. Major research areas are: content and construct of psychological contract, dynamics and changes in psychological contract. Research results have profound implications on building good employment relationship, improving human resource strategy, formulating compensation policy, and developing recruiting and training methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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CATEGORICAL STUDY OF SOCIAL SCHEMA Xiao Hong, Zheng Quanquan 2002, 10 (1):  91-96.  Abstract ( 915 )   PDF (495KB) ( 1535 )   Social schema is an important conception in social cognition. With the development of 搘arm?cognition, the study of social schema is more concentrated on the influence which social environment and human sensibility have on the cognition, and has syncretized more categorical thinking than before. This article combined native and external related study, expatiating the results of categorical study of social schema, including category activation, application and inhibition. Related Articles | Metrics

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A REVIEW ON THE RESEARCHES ABOUT THE IMPLICIT STEREOTYPE Wang Pei 2002, 10 (1):  97-101.  Abstract ( 1764 )   PDF (494KB) ( 5919 )   The implicit stereotype not only exists but also mainly consists of the implicit racial stereotype, the implicit sexual stereotype and so on. The related researches developed the indirect methods that effectively capture and study the implicit stereotype such as judgment latency measures and projective measures and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PRESENT CONDITION ON STUDY OF MINORITY NATIONALITY IDENTITY Wang Yapeng 2002, 10 (1):  102-107.  Abstract ( 1393 )   PDF (495KB) ( 4902 )   Written from the definition and change of the identity concept, this paper introduces western researchers?studies on the development of ethnic identity, ethnic identity and mental health, ethnic identity and acculturation, and ethnic identity and personality development, etc, and summarizes some study strategies of ethnic identity. The paper finally points out, under the social background of Western Exploration, the realistic significance of the study of ethnic psychology, and especially of the study of macroscopic ethnic psychology to our country. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLES OF CULTURE AND GENDER IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTION Qiao Jianzhong, Ji Hui 2002, 10 (1):  108-113.  Abstract ( 1462 )   PDF (493KB) ( 6656 )   This article introduces the actuality of research on the roles of culture and gender in the relationship between positive and negative emotion. The researchers propose that culture and gender interact to produce fundamentally different patterns of association between positive and negative emotion. People in independent-based culture (e.g. the United States) experience and express emotion in oppositional (i.e. bipolar) ways, whereas people in interdependent-based culture (e.g. China) experience and express emotion in dialectic ways. The patterns are stronger for women than men in both cultures. Finally some issues which are worth while regarding in the domain are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE CURRENT SITUATION AND TENDENCY OF RUSSIAN PSYCHOLOGY Wang Guangrong 2002, 10 (1):  114-119.  Abstract ( 1222 )   PDF (498KB) ( 1969 )   After Soviet Unions disintegration, Russian psychology correspondingly changed a lot, with reformation of Russian social politics, whose current situation and tendency mainly show as follows: inheriting the precious legacy of Soviet Unions psychology, enhancing the study of Vygotsky psychology, forming the common opinion on psychological phenomenon, presenting the trend of ignoring basic study but putting emphasis on applied study and creating many new branches of discipline. Related Articles | Metrics