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A REVIEW OF THE SELF-REFERENCE EFFECT RESEARCH Liu Xinming, Zhu Ying 2002, 10 (2):  121-126.  Abstract ( 1698 )   PDF (533KB) ( 4579 )   Relating information to the self has been shown to produce better recall than purely semantic and other encoding strategies. In this article the basis for the self-reference effect (SRE) are discussed and other related research are reviewed .It seems that the self is a well-developed construct that promotes both elaboration and organization of encoded information. Further SRE related PET research has indicated that the concept of self involved in episodic memory retrieval, which is consistent with the HERA model. The authors also discuss the implications of the new trend in this field: the self, memory and culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE PRESENT ORIENTATION OF RESEARCH ON MEMORY Du Jianzheng 2002, 10 (2):  127-132.  Abstract ( 1103 )   PDF (524KB) ( 2117 )   The traditional experimental study of memory adopts a quantity-oriented conception. In this conception, memory is regarded as a storehouse into which discrete items of information are initially deposited and then later retrieved, and memory is evaluated in terms of the number of items that can be recovered over some retention interval. Recently, however, memory study is turning to be on meaningful stimuli has almost always been found to be accuracy-oriented. In this accuracy-oriented approach, memory is viewed as a representation or reconstruction of past experience, and evaluated in terms of its correspondence or fit with past events. This present paper analyses the basic characteristics of the accuracy-oriented research, and discusses some of the theoretical issues that accuracy-oriented approach to memory must face. Related Articles | Metrics

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NEW PROGRESS ON THE RESEARCH OF MEMORY RETRIEVAL Zhang Ming,Chen Qi 2002, 10 (2):  133-146.  Abstract ( 1439 )   PDF (560KB) ( 3459 )   The article reviewed the new progress in the field of memory retrieval from three aspects: (1) the relation between memory encoding and retrieval processes, which is focused on automatic and controlled memory retrieval and the corresponding neural mechanisms; (2) retrieval-induced inhibition mechanisms, including directed forgetting, retrieval-practice paradigm and the application of negative priming paradigm to the research of memory retrieval; (3) the relation between working memory capacity and memory retrieval, which is primarily concerned about the role of working memory capacity in controlled memory retrieval and retrieval induced inhibition. Related Articles | Metrics

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DISTRIBUTED COGNITION:A NEW COGNITION PERSPECTIVE Zhou Guomei,Fu Xiaolan 2002, 10 (2):  147-153.  Abstract ( 1700 )   PDF (530KB) ( 5422 )   Distributed Cognition is distributed in the person, across the persons, in the mediators, in the environments, in the culture, in the social world, and in time. Distributed Cognition is a new unit of analysis involving all things that participated in cognition. In this paper, first, there was a brief introduction of the concept and the history of Distributed Cognition. Then, the relationship between Distributed Cognition and Individual Cognition is expatiated, by describing two related models: the Reciprocal Interaction Model, and the Concentric Model. Finally, the theory value and applications of Distributed Cognition were illuminated by some examples. Related Articles | Metrics

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ON THE MODEL OF SEMANTIC PRIMING AND THE RANGE OF PRIMING Wang Qing,Yang Yufang 2002, 10 (2):  154-161.  Abstract ( 1223 )   PDF (533KB) ( 3092 )   Priming usually includes two kinds. One is perceptual priming; the other is semantic priming (concept priming). The paradigm of priming has become the main one used to study how the semantic information is stored in brain. This article introduces three mechanism of the priming: spreading activation model, compound-cue theory and distributed memory model. The distributed memory model was been emphasized. How much the semantic information can be activated was also introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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THEORETIC CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING INHIBITION AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Wang Jingxin, Bai Xuejun 2002, 10 (2):  162-167.  Abstract ( 1030 )   PDF (521KB) ( 1448 )   Several typical inhibition developmental theories and hypotheses are introduced to make a further considerations regarding the relation between inhibition and cognitive development, including decline in inhibition theory, multiple inhibitory systems model and optimal testing time hypothesis; In view of the relationship between working memory efficiency and inhibition, resource-dependent inhibition model and inhibition control hypothesis are also presented. Discussion focused on inhibition, cognitive aging and relationships. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE THEORY OF CONTROL: A NEW VIEWPOINT OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT Wang Dahua;Shen Jiliang;Chen Bo 2002, 10 (2):  168-177.  Abstract ( 1202 )   PDF (541KB) ( 2118 )   A newly promoted life-span theory of development is introduced here. This control theory employed two basic concepts of primary and secondary controls. Primary control directs at changing the external world to fit the needs of the individual. Secondary control targets at internal processes in order to minimize losses in, maintain, and expand existing levels of primary control. The concepts and the dimensional models of the two control processes are described,the development of control through the life course is analyzed, and an evaluation of the control theory is conducted in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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NEW PROGRESS IN THE RESEARCH ON CHILDREN'S LEARNING ABROAD Zhang Min;Lei Kaichun 2002, 10 (2):  178-184.  Abstract ( 1037 )   PDF (532KB) ( 2029 )   Children抯 learning is one of the central topics in developmental psychology. A series of theoretical and methodological advances have been made abroad since 1990s. In this article, these advances are reviewed briefly and overlapping waves theory and microgenetic method are mainly discussed. In addition, several conclusions drawn recently are introduced simply. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE STUDY OF PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT Hou Jing1, Chen Huichang 1, Wang Zhengyan2 , Li Miao1 2002, 10 (2):  185-191.  Abstract ( 1542 )   PDF (528KB) ( 7149 )   The study of parent-child interaction is to explore parent抯 and children抯 behaviors from interactive respect, and more and more researchers have interests on this field in past several decades years. This article introduced the studies from influential factors of parent-child interaction and the relationship of parent-child interaction with child抯 psychological and behavioral development, at the same time the studies about parent-defected children interaction and father抯 role in the interaction in the recent years were provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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A REVIEW ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT Wang Zhengyan,1 Liu Hongyun,2 Lei Li,1,3 Chang Lei3 1 2002, 10 (2):  192-198.  Abstract ( 2147 )   PDF (538KB) ( 7005 )   This paper presented a description about the relationship between parent-child communication and child development. Researches found parent-child communication influenced children's social development, sexual issues and behavioral problems, such as pregnancy, AIDS, drinking, smoking and antisocial behaviors. It was associated with children's development of esteem, autonomy, and self-efficiency. In addition, research showed communication was influenced by the structure of family and the satisfaction of family. There was cultural difference in communication. Related Articles | Metrics

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ADOLESCENT SMOKING PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION PROGRAMS Lin Danhua, Fang Xiaoyi 2002, 10 (2):  199-205.  Abstract ( 1240 )   PDF (528KB) ( 3899 )   Prevention and Intervention of Adolescents' smoking behavior has become an important topic which is explored by current psychology.Four school-based smoking prevention and intervention programs, that is, health education ,social influence, life skill and cognitive- development were reviewed and evaluated in this study.In addition,the tendency of smoking prevention and intervention:family-based program and community-based program was introduced. The future topics of smoking prevention and intervention was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE MICROGENETIC METHOD: FOCUSING ON COGNITIVE CHANGE Xin Ziqiang, Lin Chongde 2002, 10 (2):  206-212.  Abstract ( 1377 )   PDF (527KB) ( 3281 )   The key properties of the microgenetic method are dense observation and intensive trial-by-trial analysis in the whole process of cognitive change. This approach can yield detailed data about path, rate, breadth, source and variability of change, which is helpful for understanding cognitive developmental change mechanisms. Here some issues, such as the concept, design, rationality and shortcomings about the micorgenetic method are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL IN THE STUDY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY Liu Hongyun, Meng Qingmao 2002, 10 (2):  213-219.  Abstract ( 1300 )   PDF (545KB) ( 8381 )   Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) is a new tool for analyzing hierarchical structure data. It is superior to traditional statistical methods in that HLM based hypothesis is more compatible with facts and that the results generated from the model are reasonable. Therefore, HLM has been applied more and more wildly in social science. This paper is an introduce to HLM which introduces the fundamental hypothesis of the model, parameter estimator and hypothesis testing methods, as well as its advantages over the traditional regression method in dealing with hierarchical structure data. Related Articles | Metrics

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TREND OF LEGALIZATION IN TESTING INDUSTRY Cao Yi, Li Weiming 2002, 10 (2):  220-224.  Abstract ( 1229 )   PDF (522KB) ( 1331 )   In the past decade, many codes or regulations or principles of testing including 揝tandards for Educational and Psychological Testing?(APA, AERA, NCME, 1999) were developed. They are indicators of legalization trend in testing industry. Two particular examples of irregular testing in China are illustrated and the possible reasons are analysized. The necessity of Chinese version of Standards is concluded. Related Articles | Metrics

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COMMENTS ON THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY Long Lirong1, Fang Liluo1, Li Ye 2 2002, 10 (2):  225-232.  Abstract ( 1740 )   PDF (536KB) ( 5156 )   Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) integrates the effects of psychological, social, and economical factors on career choice by using three key concepts such as self-efficacy, result expectation, and goal setting. Differing from traditional typology theory, need theory, and developmental theory which studied the psychological factor, social factors, and economical factors independantly, SCCT explains the nature and process of career choice systematically at different time point of life span. It does help to develop a new approach to career theory in future. Finally, the disadvantages of SCCT such as lack of implicit concepts and operationalization are commented. Related Articles | Metrics

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REVIEW ON THE RESEARCH OF SERVICE QUALITY Xu Jincan, Ma Mouchao, Chen Yiwen 2002, 10 (2):  233-239.  Abstract ( 1244 )   PDF (538KB) ( 6576 )   Service becomes one of the most important competitive factors in business at present. More and more companies begin to focus on consumers and service quality in order to win in the marketing. The authors review the concept and characters of service, and summarize the studies about the service quality, mainly on its concept, factors system, the application of the zone of tolerance, and the culture抯 effects. Related Articles | Metrics