脱贫家庭青少年社会流动信念与亲社会行为的纵向发展关系：城乡差异的调节作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.01499

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

激发脱贫人口的内生动力对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果和促进共同富裕至关重要。为了考察脱贫家庭青少年社会流动信念这一内生动力与亲社会行为的纵向发展关系, 以及城乡差异的调节作用, 本研究对847名脱贫家庭青少年(平均年龄11.38 ± 2.30岁, 女生57%)进行了为期2年共3次的追踪调查。结果显示：(1)脱贫家庭青少年社会流动信念呈上升趋势, 而亲社会行为则呈下降趋势。(2)社会流动信念的初始水平能显著正向预测亲社会行为初始水平, 并负向预测其下降速度, 而社会流动信念的上升趋势能显著减缓亲社会行为的下降速度。(3)城乡差异调节了社会流动信念与亲社会行为的纵向发展关系。与城市脱贫家庭青少年相比, 农村脱贫家庭青少年的社会流动信念初始水平越高, 其亲社会行为初始水平也越高, 下降速度越慢; 此外, 农村脱贫家庭青少年社会流动信念的增长速度越快, 其亲社会行为的下降速度减缓越明显。结果提示,我国的脱贫政策不仅增强了脱贫家庭青少年对社会流动的主观预期和信心, 而且还有效遏制了农村脱贫家庭青少年亲社会行为的降低。

关键词: 脱贫家庭青少年, 社会流动信念, 亲社会行为, 城乡差异, 纵向发展关系

Abstract:

China has entered a new stage of consolidating achievements in poverty alleviation, where it is crucial to stimulate the development of endogenous power among the population that has emerged out of poverty. Therefore, enhancing self-development capabilities among adolescents from out-of-poverty families is vital for overcoming the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promoting social integration. Social mobility belief is an important embodiment of strong endogenous power for independent development and the realization of life value, which is related to the positive socialization development of adolescents from out-of-poverty families. The integrated theories from various disciplines, such as sociology, economics, and psychology, are used to construct a unified theoretical framework, which posits that social mobility is a key mechanism through which economic inequality affects the health and behavior of disadvantaged adolescents. Additionally, owing to the long-standing urban‒rural dual structure in China, there are significant differences in the social mobility expectations and social development of adolescents in different urban and rural social environments. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between social mobility belief and prosocial behavior among adolescents from out-of-poverty families and whether the longitudinal relationship is moderated by urban‒rural differences among adolescents from out-of-poverty families.

This study followed 847 adolescents (M_age11.38 ± 2.30 years old, 58% girls) from out-of-poverty families, with two follow-up surveys administered during the following two years. Data analyses were performed via SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.4. The parallel latent growth model was used to explore the longitudinal relationship between social mobility belief and prosocial behavior, and the latent growth interaction model was subsequently used to explore the moderating role of rural−urban differences in this longitudinal relationship.

The results revealed that (1) social mobility belief exhibited a linear increase in development trajectory, whereas prosocial behavior showed a linear decrease in development trajectory among adolescents from out-of-poverty families. (2) Controlling for gender, the parallel latent growth model revealed that the initial level of social mobility belief positively predicted the initial level of prosocial behavior and negatively predicted the decline in prosocial behavior. Moreover, the increasing trajectory of social mobility belief negatively predicts a decline in prosocial behavior. (3) The latent growth interaction model revealed that rural−urban differences served as a moderating factor in the longitudinal relationship between social mobility belief and prosocial behavior. Specifically, for rural adolescents in out-of-poverty families, a higher initial level of social mobility belief was associated with a higher initial level of prosocial behavior. Moreover, a faster growth rate in social mobility belief had a stronger predictive effect on reducing the decline rate of prosocial behavior among these adolescents from out-of-poverty families.

The findings of this study demonstrate the longitudinal relationship between social mobility belief and prosocial behavior among adolescents from out-of-poverty families, as well as the moderating impact of urban−rural differences. These findings suggest that the upward trend of social mobility belief can foster the positive social development of rural adolescents among out-of-poverty families. Research findings indicate that China’s poverty alleviation policies have not only effectively increased social mobility belief among adolescents in out-of-poverty families who have overcome poverty but also significantly mitigated the decreased development of prosocial behavior in rural adolescents from out-of-poverty families.

Key words: adolescents from out-of-poverty families, social mobility belief, prosocial behavior, urban-rural differences, longitudinal relationship

中图分类号:

B844
C91

赵纤, 胡义秋, 黎志华. (2024). 脱贫家庭青少年社会流动信念与亲社会行为的纵向发展关系：城乡差异的调节作用. 心理学报, 56(11), 1499-1511.

ZHAO Xian, HU Yiqiu, LI Zhihua. (2024). The longitudinal relationship between social mobility belief and prosocial behavior among adolescents from out-of-poverty families: The moderating effect of urban‒rural differences. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(11), 1499-1511.

图/表 8

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变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1.性别	—
2.城乡	−0.01	—
3.T1社会流动信念	−0.06	0.12^**	—
4.T2社会流动信念	−0.01	0.09^**	0.29^***	—
5.T3社会流动信念	0.01	0.36^**	0.39^***	0.38^**	—
6.T1亲社会行为	−0.02	0.01	0.17^***	0.10^**	0.14^***	—
7.T2亲社会行为	−0.01	0.07	0.10^**	0.12^**	0.15^***	0.34^***	—
8.T3亲社会行为	−0.02	0.18^***	0.12^**	0.04	0.22^***	0.33^***	0.49^***	—
M	—	—	4.27	4.19	4.37	1.49	1.43	1.41
SD	—	—	0.87	1.02	0.99	0.34	0.45	0.44

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1.性别	—
2.城乡	−0.01	—
3.T1社会流动信念	−0.06	0.12^**	—
4.T2社会流动信念	−0.01	0.09^**	0.29^***	—
5.T3社会流动信念	0.01	0.36^**	0.39^***	0.38^**	—
6.T1亲社会行为	−0.02	0.01	0.17^***	0.10^**	0.14^***	—
7.T2亲社会行为	−0.01	0.07	0.10^**	0.12^**	0.15^***	0.34^***	—
8.T3亲社会行为	−0.02	0.18^***	0.12^**	0.04	0.22^***	0.33^***	0.49^***	—
M	—	—	4.27	4.19	4.37	1.49	1.43	1.41
SD	—	—	0.87	1.02	0.99	0.34	0.45	0.44

变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	均值		协相关
变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	截距(α)	斜率(S)	协相关
亲社会行为	2.08	1	0.99	0.99	0.03 (0.00, 0.11)	1.49^***	−0.04^***	−0.01
社会流动信念	1.96	1	0.95	0.86	0.08 (0.07, 0.19)	4.23^***	0.06^**	0.08^*

变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	均值		协相关
变量	χ²	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	截距(α)	斜率(S)	协相关
亲社会行为	2.08	1	0.99	0.99	0.03 (0.00, 0.11)	1.49^***	−0.04^***	−0.01
社会流动信念	1.96	1	0.95	0.86	0.08 (0.07, 0.19)	4.23^***	0.06^**	0.08^*

变量	亲社会行为截距(α_PB)			亲社会行为斜率(S_PB)
变量	Estimate	Posterior S.D.	95% CI	Estimate	Posterior S.D.	95% CI
性别	0.05	0.04	[0.08, −0.12]	−0.08	0.64	[−0.54, 0.42]
城乡	−0.05	0.06	[0.14, −0.16]	−0.02	0.72	[−0.69, 0.36]
社会流动信念截距 (α_SMB)	0.38^***	0.07	[0.24, 0.52]	−0.12⁺	0.08	[−0.29, −0.04]
社会流动信念斜率 (S_SMB)	—	—	—	−0.43^*	0.73	[−0.23, −0.52]