心理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 96-105.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00096
余震坤, 刘云芝, 罗宇, 蔡华俭
收稿日期:
2018-04-10
出版日期:
2019-01-15
发布日期:
2018-11-23
基金资助:
YU Zhenkun, LIU Yunzhi, LUO Yu, CAI Huajian
Received:
2018-04-10
Online:
2019-01-15
Published:
2018-11-23
摘要:
近40年来, 正常人的自恋得到了越来越多的关注.日益增加的证据显示正常人的自恋可以按照适应功能进一步区分为适应性自恋和非适应性自恋两类.本文对揭示两类自恋差异的证据进行了全面梳理, 包括二者的成分构成,适应功能,人格基础,发展规律和遗传基础.这些结果促进了对自恋复杂性的认识, 加深了对现有研究的理解, 同时也突出了未来区分二者的重要性.将来需要从理论上进一步澄清二者的差异, 编制相应的量表, 探讨二者在其它方面的不同, 特别是二者是否具有不同的神经基础.
中图分类号:
余震坤, 刘云芝, 罗宇, 蔡华俭. (2019). 区分适应性自恋和非适应性自恋:多视角的证据. 心理科学进展 , 27(1), 96-105.
YU Zhenkun, LIU Yunzhi, LUO Yu, CAI Huajian. (2019). Adaptive narcissism and maladaptive narcissism: Diverse evidences for the distinction. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(1), 96-105.
因素模型 | 因素内容 |
---|---|
四因素模型 | 剥削性/特权感(Exploitativeness/Entitlement),领导力/权威(Leadership/Authority),优越性/自大(Superiority/Arrogance)和自我吸引/自我崇拜(Self-Absorption/ Self-Admiration) ( |
七因素模型 | 权威(Authority),自我满足(Self-Sufficiency),优越感(Superiority),自我表现(Exhibitionism),剥削性(Exploitativeness),虚荣(Vanity)和特权感(Entitlement) ( |
二因素模型 | 权利(Power)和自我表现(Exhibitionism) ( |
自我表现(Exhibitionism)和特权感(Entitlement) ( | |
三因素模型 | 权力(Power),自我表现(Exhibitionism)和特殊感(Specialness) ( |
领导力/权威(Leadership /Authority),自夸/自我表现(Grandiose/Exhibitionism)和特权感/剥削性(Entitlement / Exploitativeness) ( |
表1 自恋的不同因素模型
因素模型 | 因素内容 |
---|---|
四因素模型 | 剥削性/特权感(Exploitativeness/Entitlement),领导力/权威(Leadership/Authority),优越性/自大(Superiority/Arrogance)和自我吸引/自我崇拜(Self-Absorption/ Self-Admiration) ( |
七因素模型 | 权威(Authority),自我满足(Self-Sufficiency),优越感(Superiority),自我表现(Exhibitionism),剥削性(Exploitativeness),虚荣(Vanity)和特权感(Entitlement) ( |
二因素模型 | 权利(Power)和自我表现(Exhibitionism) ( |
自我表现(Exhibitionism)和特权感(Entitlement) ( | |
三因素模型 | 权力(Power),自我表现(Exhibitionism)和特殊感(Specialness) ( |
领导力/权威(Leadership /Authority),自夸/自我表现(Grandiose/Exhibitionism)和特权感/剥削性(Entitlement / Exploitativeness) ( |
1 |
何宁, 朱云莉 . (2016). 自爱与他爱: 自恋, 共情与内隐利他的关系. 心理学报,48(2), 199-210.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.00199 URL |
2 |
Ackerman R. A., Witt E. A., Donnellan M. B., Trzesniewski K. H., Robins R. W., & Kashy D. A . (2011). What does the narcissistic personality inventory really measure? Assessment, 18(1), 67-87.
doi: 10.1177/1073191110382845 URL pmid: 20876550 |
3 |
Back M. D., Küfner A. C. P., Dufner M., Gerlach T. M., Rauthmann J. F ., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1013-1037.
doi: 10.1037/a0034431 URL pmid: 24128186 |
4 |
Barry C. T., Frick P. J., Adler K. K., & Grafeman S. J . (2007). The predictive utility of narcissism among children and adolescents: Evidence for a distinction between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 16(4), 508-521.
doi: 10.1007/s10826-006-9102-5 URL |
5 |
Barry C. T., Frick P. J., & Killian A. L . (2003). The relation of narcissism and self-esteem to conduct problems in children: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 32(1), 139-152.
doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3201_13 URL pmid: 12573939 |
6 |
Brown R. P., Budzek K., & Tamborski M . (2009). On the meaning and measure of narcissism. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(7), 951-964.
doi: 10.1177/0146167209335461 URL pmid: 19487486 |
7 |
Cai H. J., Kwan V. S. Y., & Sedikides C . (2012). A Sociocultural Approach to Narcissism: The Case of Modern China. European Journal of Personality, 26(5), 529-535.
doi: 10.1002/per.852 URL |
8 | Cai H. J. , & Luo, Y. L. L. |
(in press). Distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism . In A.D. Hermann,A. Brunell, & J. Foster (Eds.), The handbook of trait narcissism: Key advances, research methods, and controversies .New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. | |
9 |
Cai H. J., Shi Y. Y., Fang X ., & Luo, Y. L. L. (2015). Narcissism predicts impulsive buying: Phenotypic and genetic evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 881.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00881 URL pmid: 4493767 |
10 |
Chester D. S., Lynam D. R., Powell D. K., & DeWall C. N . (2016). Narcissism is associated with weakened frontostriatal connectivity: A DTI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(7), 1036-1040.
doi: 10.1093/scan/nsv069 URL pmid: 26048178 |
11 |
Corry N., Merritt R. D., Mrug S., & Pamp B . (2008). The factor structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(6), 593-600.
doi: 10.1080/00223890802388590 URL pmid: 18925501 |
12 | Costa P.T., &MacCrae R.R . (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources. Incorporated. |
13 | Davis M.H . (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 85. |
14 |
delRosario P.M., &White R.M . (2005). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Test-retest stability and internal consistency. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(6), 1075-1081.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.001 URL |
15 |
Edelstein R. S., Newton N. J., & Stewart A. J . (2012). Narcissism in midlife: Longitudinal changes in and correlates of women's narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality, 80(5), 1179-1204.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00755.x URL pmid: 22092045 |
16 |
Emmons R.A . (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 291-300.
doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11 URL pmid: 16367528 |
17 | Emmons R.A . (1987). Narcissism: theory and measurement. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52(1), 11-17. |
18 |
Fan Y., Wonneberger C., Enzi B., De G. M., Ulrich C., Tempelmann C., .. Northoff G . (2011). The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: An exploratory fMRI study. Psychological Medicine, 41(8), 1641-1650.
doi: 10.1017/S003329171000228X URL pmid: 21144117 |
19 |
Foster J. D., Campbell W. K., & Twenge J. M . (2003). Individual differences in narcissism: Inflated self-views across the lifespan and around the world. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 469-486.
doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00026-6 URL |
20 | Freud S. . (1914). On Narcissism: An Introduction. |
21 |
Gebauer J. E., Sedikides C., Verplanken B., & Maio G. R . (2012). Communal narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(5), 854-878.
doi: 10.1037/a0029629 |
22 |
Hepper E. G., Hart C. M., Meek R., Cisek S., & Sedikides C . (2014). Narcissism and empathy in young offenders and non-offenders. European Journal of Personality, 28(2), 201-210.
doi: 10.1002/per.1939 URL |
23 |
Hill P.L., &Roberts B.W . (2012). Narcissism, Well-being, and observer-rated personality across the lifespan. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 3(2), 216-223.
doi: 10.1177/1948550611415867 URL |
24 | Krizan Z., & Johar O. (2015). Narcissistic rage revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(5), 784-801. |
25 |
Kubarych T. S., Deary I. J., & Austin E. J . (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality & Individual Differences, 36(4), 857-872.
doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00158-2 URL |
26 |
Lambe S., Hamilton-Giachritsis C., Garner E., & Walker J . (2016). The role of narcissism in aggression and violence: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(2), 209-230.
doi: 10.1177/1524838016650190 URL pmid: 27222500 |
27 | Lasch C. .(1979). The culture of narcissism. New York:. Norton. |
28 |
Luo Y. L. L., Cai H. J., Sedikides C., & Song H. R . (2014). Distinguishing communal narcissism from agentic narcissism: A behavior genetics analysis on the agency- communion model of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 49(1), 52-58.
doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.01.001 URL |
29 |
Martinez M. A., Zeichner A., Reidy D. E., & Miller J. D . (2008). Narcissism and displaced aggression: Effects of positive, negative, and delayed feedback. Personality & Individual Differences, 44(1), 140-149.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.012 URL |
30 |
Miller J.D., & Maples J. (2012). Trait personality models of narcissistic personality disorder, grandiose narcissism, and vulnerable narcissism. In W. K. Campbell, J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (pp.71-88), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
doi: 10.1002/9781118093108.ch7 URL |
31 |
Moeller S. J., Crocker J., & Bushman B. J . (2009). Creating hostility and conflict: Effects of entitlement and self-image goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(2), 448-452.
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.11.005 URL pmid: 20126295 |
32 |
Morf C.C., & Rhodewalt F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177-196.
doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1 URL |
33 | Morf C. C., Horvath S., & Torchetti L . (2011). Narcissistic self-enhancement: Tales of (successful?) self-portrayal. In M. D. Alicke & C. Sedikides (Eds.), Handbook of self- enhancement and self-protection(pp. 399-424). New York, NY: Guilford. |
34 |
Park S.W., &Colvin C.R . (2015). Narcissism and other‐derogation in the absence of ego threat. Journal of Personality, 83(3), 334-345.
doi: 10.1111/jopy.12107 URL pmid: 24934570 |
35 | Raskin R.N., &Hall C.S . (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590-590. |
36 |
Raskin R., & Terry H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54(5), 890-902.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 URL pmid: 3379585 |
37 |
Rasmussen K. . (2016). Entitled vengeance: A meta-analysis relating narcissism to provoked aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 42(4), 362-379.
doi: 10.1002/ab.21632 URL pmid: 26522921 |
38 |
Reidy D. E., Zeichner A., Foster J. D., & Martinez M. A . (2008). Effects of narcissistic entitlement and exploitativeness on human physical aggression. Personality & Individual Differences, 44(4), 865-875.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.015 URL |
39 |
Rhodewalt F., &Morf C.C . (1995). Self and interpersonal correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A review and new findings. Journal of Research in Personality, 29(1), 1-23.
doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1995.1001 URL |
40 |
Roche M. J., Pincus A. L., Lukowitsky M. R., Ménard K. S., & Conroy D. E . (2013). An integrative approach to the assessment of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(3), 237-248.
doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.770400 URL pmid: 23451709 |
41 |
Rose P. . (2007). Mediators of the association between narcissism and compulsive buying: The roles of materialism and impulse control. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 21(4), 576-581.
doi: 10.1037/0893-164x.21.4.576 URL pmid: 18072841 |
42 | Thomaes S., Brummelman E., & Sedikides C . (2016). Narcissism: A social-developmental perspective. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality and individual differences(pp. 1-40). New York, NY: Sage. |
43 |
Twenge J. M., Konrath S., Foster J. D., Campbell W. K., & Bushman B. J . (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross- temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76(4), 875-902.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x URL pmid: 18507710 |
44 |
Vernon P. A., Villani V. C., Vickers L. C., & Harris J. A . (2008). A behavioral genetic investigation of the Dark Triad and the Big 5. Personality & Individual Differences, 44(2), 445-452.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.007 URL |
45 |
Washburn J. J., McMahon S. D., King C. A., Reinecke M. A., & Silver C . (2004). Narcissistic features in young adolescents: Relations to aggression and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 33(3), 247-260.
doi: 10.1023/B:JOYO.0000025323.94929.d9 URL |
46 |
Watson P.J., &Biderman M.D . (1993). Narcissistic personality inventory factors, splitting, and self- consciousness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61(1), 41-57.
doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6101_4 URL pmid: 8377102 |
47 | Watson P. J., Grisham S. O., Trotter M. V., & Biderman M. D . (1984). Narcissism and empathy: Validity evidence for the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 301-305. |
48 |
Watson P.J., &Morris R.J . (1991). Narcissism, empathy and social desirability. Personality & Individual Differences, 12(6), 575-579.
doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(91)90253-8 URL |
49 | Wink P. . (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 590-597. |
[1] | 安叶青, 七十三, 曾小叶, 金童林, 曹呈旭. 家庭抗逆力理论在风险应对领域的应用:演变、价值及挑战[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(3): 428-442. |
[2] | 徐步霄, 白洁, 李晔, 郭永玉. 集体自恋:群际冲突的催化剂[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(9): 2100-2116. |
[3] | 杨倩. 负性情绪在冲突适应中的作用机制:分离与整合视角[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(8): 1844-1855. |
[4] | 朱亚琳, 金灿灿. 黑暗三联征与攻击行为关系的元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(7): 1195-1209. |
[5] | 薛冰, 王雪娇, 马宁, 高军. 催产素调控心理韧性:基于对海马的作用机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(2): 311-322. |
[6] | 程浩, 张亚利, 姚雪, 张向葵. 自恋与行为抑制/激活系统的关系:元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(10): 1796-1807. |
[7] | 李铭泽, 叶慧莉, 张光磊. 自恋型领导对团队创造力形成过程的多视角研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(9): 1437-1453. |
[8] | 杨晓梦, 王福兴, 王燕青, 赵婷婷, 高春颍, 胡祥恩. 瞳孔是心灵的窗口吗?——瞳孔在心理学研究中的应用及测量[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1029-1041. |
[9] | 刘依冉, 郝喜玲, 李晓依. 连续创业情境下自恋人格与关键创业行为变化机理[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1083-1092. |
[10] | 王天宇, 陈旭. 催产素对不安全依恋者人际适应性的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 465-475. |
[11] | 唐倩, 毛秀珍, 何明霜, 何洁. 认知诊断计算机化自适应测验的选题策略[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2160-2168. |
[12] | 张雪琴, 毛秀珍, 李佳. 基于CAT的在线标定:设计与方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(11): 1970-1978. |
[13] | 赵亚军, 蔡永春, 张智君, 郭爽, 尧德中. 无意识条件下眼睛注视知觉与注视追随的加工分离[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(suppl.): 21-21. |
[14] | 冯尚, 崔志畅, 俞洪波. 视觉系统的“适应-训练双向性”:猫外膝状体、17区、21a区短时程可塑性的层级递进研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(suppl.): 56-56. |
[15] | 刘明明, 何含笑, 王琦君. 自适应眼控气泡光标的有效性研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(suppl.): 62-62. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||