2010~2020中国内地小学生心理健康问题检出率的元分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00953

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国小学生心理健康问题的检出率莫衷一是, 为整合调查结果并分析其原因, 对2010~2020年来检索到的相关研究进行了元分析。结果显示：(1)小学生心理健康问题的检出率由高到低依次是睡眠问题(25.2%, 95% CI = [0.16, 0.37])、抑郁(14.6%, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.18])、焦虑(12.3%, 95% CI = [0.06, 0.23])、攻击行为(4.1%, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.10])、退缩(3.8%, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.06])、违纪行为(3.7%, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.07])、躯体化(3.6%, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.07])。(2)测量工具、检出标准、检出时间是导致小学生心理健康问题检出率不一致的关键因素。总体而言, 我国小学生除了睡眠问题、抑郁和焦虑检出率偏高外, 整体心理健康状况尚可。未来应开发适合中国小学生的心理健康状况测评工具及检出标准, 为心理健康问题的预防和精准干预提供支持。

关键词: 小学生, 心理健康问题, 检出率, 元分析

Abstract:

In recent years, the age of mental health problems shows a descending trend. Primary school students, as a special group in the critical stage of personal growth, are experiencing increased mental health problems that has caught wide attention from society. If the mental health problems of primary school students are not screened, prevented, and intervened in time, they may develop into lifelong mental diseases, which are difficult to redress and treat. Hence, as the basic premise of improving mental health, it is particularly important to find out the prevalence of pupils' mental health problems, so as to understand their real mental health status, and make targeted detection and intervention in the future.
However, the prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems described in literature shows inconsistent results, and the prevalence varied greatly, which has brought confusion to mental health educators and workers. Although some researchers tried to use meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the existing research findings, avoid the influence of biased samples, demographic characteristics, and other factors, and attempt to explore the detection rate of primary school students’ mental health problems objectively and accurately, there were still some deficiencies. Firstly, it only revealed the prevalence of some mental health problems, and did not cover more comprehensive mental health problems. Secondly, it did not specifically analyze the mental health problems in recent 10 years. Finally, the inclusion and discussion of regulatory variables were not specific enough. Therefore, based on the research results in recent 10 years, it is necessary to integrate the prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems and explore its influencing factors by using meta-analysis method.
In order to clarify the debate on the different prevalence of primary school students' mental health problems, we analyzed and estimated the detection rate of primary school students' mental health problems in mainland China from 2010 to 2020 and investigated its moderation effects. The meta-analysis technology was used to retrieve the research on anxiety, depression, somatization, withdrawal, sleep problems, aggressive and discipline behaviors in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2020. Finally, a total of 101 research and 289396 primary school students were obtained: 9 articles about anxiety, 34 articles about depression, 12 articles about somatization, 10 articles about withdrawal, 11 articles about sleep problems, 13 articles about aggressive behavior, and 12 articles about disciplinary behavior. The software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 and the random effect model was selected for analysis.The results showed that (1) The prevalence of mental health problems in primary school students from high to low were sleep problems (25.2%, 95%CI = [0.16, 0.37]), depression (14.6%, 95%CI = [0.12, 0.18]), anxiety (12.3%, 95%CI = [0.06, 0.23]), aggressive behavior (4.1%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.10]), withdrawal (3.8%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.06]), disciplinary behavior (3.7%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]) and somatization (3.6%, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]); (2) Measurement tools, measurement standards and detection period were the key factors causing the fluctuation of prevalence of mental health problems among primary school students in China. Generally speaking, the overall mental health status of primary school students in China is acceptable except that the prevalence of sleep problems, depression and anxiety are high. In the future, we should develop mental health assessment tools and detection standards suitable for Chinese primary school students to provide support for the prevention and accurate intervention of mental health problems.

Key words: primary school students, mental health problems, prevalence, meta-analysis

黄潇潇, 张亚利, 俞国良. (2022). 2010~2020中国内地小学生心理健康问题检出率的元分析. 心理科学进展 , 30(5), 953-964.

HUANG Xiaoxiao, ZHANG Yali, YU Guoliang. (2022). Prevalence of mental health problems among primary school students in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2010:A meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(5), 953-964.

图/表 9

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心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²	p
焦虑	9	12691	0.123	0.06	0.23	99.15	<0.001
抑郁	34	94926	0.146	0.12	0.18	99.15	<0.001
躯体化	12	41588	0.036	0.02	0.07	99.41	<0.001
退缩	10	37553	0.038	0.02	0.06	98.64	<0.001
睡眠问题	11	17437	0.252	0.16	0.37	99.51	<0.001
攻击行为	13	46042	0.041	0.02	0.10	99.73	<0.001
违纪行为	12	39159	0.037	0.02	0.07	99.31	<0.001

心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	效应值及95%的置信区间			异质性检验
心理健康问题种类	k	被试数	检出率	下限	上限	I²	p
焦虑	9	12691	0.123	0.06	0.23	99.15	<0.001
抑郁	34	94926	0.146	0.12	0.18	99.15	<0.001
躯体化	12	41588	0.036	0.02	0.07	99.41	<0.001
退缩	10	37553	0.038	0.02	0.06	98.64	<0.001
睡眠问题	11	17437	0.252	0.16	0.37	99.51	<0.001
攻击行为	13	46042	0.041	0.02	0.10	99.73	<0.001
违纪行为	12	39159	0.037	0.02	0.07	99.31	<0.001

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	2.67	2	0.26	Conners	2	0.09	0.02	0.29
				SCARED23	2	0.15	0.04	0.43
				SCARED22	2	0.35	0.11	0.70
检出时间	11.99	1	0.001	1周	2	0.04	0.02	0.09
检出时间	11.99	1	0.001	3个月	4	0.23	0.14	0.36
区域	0.17	2	0.92	东北	-	-	-	-
				东部	2	0.08	0.01	0.26
				西部	3	0.11	0.03	0.36
				中部	3	0.12	0.03	0.38

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具+检出标准	2.67	2	0.26	Conners	2	0.09	0.02	0.29
				SCARED23	2	0.15	0.04	0.43
				SCARED22	2	0.35	0.11	0.70
检出时间	11.99	1	0.001	1周	2	0.04	0.02	0.09
检出时间	11.99	1	0.001	3个月	4	0.23	0.14	0.36
区域	0.17	2	0.92	东北	-	-	-	-
				东部	2	0.08	0.01	0.26
				西部	3	0.11	0.03	0.36
				中部	3	0.12	0.03	0.38

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	检出率	95% CI
调节变量	Q_B	df	p	类别	k	检出率	下限	上限
测量工具	16.46	4	0.002	CBCL	5	0.06	0.03	0.09
				CDI	16	0.17	0.13	0.21
				CESD	6	0.17	0.12	0.25
				DSRSC	4	0.16	0.10	0.25
				MFQ	2	0.17	0.09	0.31
检出时间	9.70	2	0.01	1周	13	0.19	0.15	0.25
				2周	15	0.15	0.11	0.19
				6个月	5	0.06	0.03	0.10
性别	0.39	1	0.53	男生	17	0.11	0.08	0.14
性别	0.39	1	0.53	女生	17	0.10	0.10	0.13
独生与否	2.51	1	0.11	独生	3	0.12	0.08	0.18
独生与否	2.51	1	0.11	非独生	3	0.19	0.12	0.27
年级	0.03	2	0.99	四年级	6	0.19	0.13	0.28
				五年级	6	0.19	0.12	0.27
				六年级	7	0.19	0.13	0.26
生源地	0.01	1	0.91	城镇	5	0.08	0.02	0.26
生源地	0.01	1	0.91	农村	5	0.09	0.03	0.28
区域	3.71	2	0.16	东北	-	-	-	-
				东部	9	0.11	0.07	0.17
				西部	10	0.18	0.12	0.26
				中部	11	0.11	0.07	0.17