时距知觉的动物研究范式及相关神经机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01478

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在探索时距知觉的脑机制的过程中, 相对于人类被试相关研究, 动物研究可以提供较多的药理学、分子生物学、单个神经元电生理学以及光遗传等方面的研究证据。目前较为常用的时距知觉动物研究范式包括时间二分法、峰值间隔法以及低比率差别强化法等。根据不同的研究需求, 动物研究的范式常会进行调整。对时距知觉的动物研究的探讨将基于两方面展开：(1) 常用的时距知觉动物研究范式的介绍及比较; (2) 基于动物研究范式的时距知觉神经机制研究进展, 旨在为深入探索时间知觉的心理学相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 时距知觉, 动物研究, 实验范式, 神经机制, 时间知觉

Abstract:

In exploring the brain mechanism of interval timing, animal research, compared with human subjects, can provide more evidence in pharmacology, molecular biology, single neuron electrophysiology and optogenetics. At present, the commonly used animal research paradigms of interval timing include temporal bisection task, peak-interval procedure and differential reinforcement of low rates. To be well fit for different research need, animal research paradigms are often adjusted. Animal research of interval timing were discussed from two aspects: (1) the introduction and comparison of the commonly used animal research paradigms of interval timing; (2) the research progress of neural mechanism of interval timing based on these paradigms, to provide a reference for further psychological research on time perception.

Key words: interval timing, animal research, experimental paradigm, neural mechanism, time perception/ temporal perception

中图分类号:

B845

翁纯纯, 王宁. (2020). 时距知觉的动物研究范式及相关神经机制. 心理科学进展 , 28(9), 1478-1492.

WENG Chunchun, WANG Ning. (2020). Animal research paradigm and related neural mechanism of interval timing. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(9), 1478-1492.

图/表 1

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范式类别	重要参数	参数意义	优点	缺点
时间二分任务	主观相等点	时距知觉加工速度	更适用于考察时间敏感性	动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距
时间二分任务	韦伯分数	时间敏感性	更适用于考察时间敏感性	动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距
峰值间隔法	峰值时间	时距知觉加工速度	动物在操作过程中较为自由, 可以主观判断时距	动物反复按压杠杆, 在记录神经元时容易受到运动的影响
	峰值反应率	个体兴奋度
	韦伯分数	时间敏感性
低比率差别强化法	峰值时间	时距知觉加工速度	动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法	容易受到个体冲动性的影响
低比率差别强化法	冲动反应数&未强化反应数	个体冲动性	动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法	容易受到个体冲动性的影响
自由操作心理物理法	无差别点	时距知觉加工速度	行为操作快速, 适用于长时距研究	自由操作过程中易混杂其他因素
失匹配负波	波幅和潜伏期	对时距的辨别	不受注意限制, 可考察时距知觉的自动加工过程	观察的时间窗较小
录制观察法	某种行为的时长	时距知觉加工速度	可观察动物在自然状态下日常行为的时距知觉变化, 不受到训练因素的影响	可量化的日常行为目前仍然较少

范式类别	重要参数	参数意义	优点	缺点
时间二分任务	主观相等点	时距知觉加工速度	更适用于考察时间敏感性	动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距
时间二分任务	韦伯分数	时间敏感性	更适用于考察时间敏感性	动物需要进行二分判断, 而不是直接估计时距
峰值间隔法	峰值时间	时距知觉加工速度	动物在操作过程中较为自由, 可以主观判断时距	动物反复按压杠杆, 在记录神经元时容易受到运动的影响
	峰值反应率	个体兴奋度
	韦伯分数	时间敏感性
低比率差别强化法	峰值时间	时距知觉加工速度	动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法	容易受到个体冲动性的影响
低比率差别强化法	冲动反应数&未强化反应数	个体冲动性	动物需要等待特定时长, 更接近人类研究的产生式法	容易受到个体冲动性的影响
自由操作心理物理法	无差别点	时距知觉加工速度	行为操作快速, 适用于长时距研究	自由操作过程中易混杂其他因素
失匹配负波	波幅和潜伏期	对时距的辨别	不受注意限制, 可考察时距知觉的自动加工过程	观察的时间窗较小
录制观察法	某种行为的时长	时距知觉加工速度	可观察动物在自然状态下日常行为的时距知觉变化, 不受到训练因素的影响	可量化的日常行为目前仍然较少