动作如何影响元认知?——基于认知模型和神经机制的探讨

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.0425

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动作与元认知是认知加工的重要环节。元认知体现个体对认知过程的表征、监控与调控; 动作则是输出内部认知加工, 尤其是决策信息的重要手段。研究表明, 动作的各个方面(如反应速度、反应强度、反应顺序、反应冲突及反应观察等)均影响元认知。从认知模型角度, 元认知的决策后模型较好地适用于解释动作影响元认知的相关实验证据。该类模型认为用于元认知评估的信息(元认知证据)与用于知觉判断的信息(知觉证据)不同但相关, 并分别侧重于层级加工、贝叶斯计算、信心增效等方面。从神经机制角度, 动作与知觉信息可能通过以额叶皮层为核心的脑网络整合, 依托β振荡和α抑制等电生理机制, 在注意调控下形成元认知。未来研究可以进一步探讨动作改变元认知的边界条件、信心反映的真实含义, 以及特殊人群的元认知表现等。

关键词: 动作, 元认知, 知觉判断, 信心评估, 认知神经机制

Abstract:

Action and metacognition are crucial components of cognitive processing. Metacognition reflects an individual's representation, monitoring, and regulation of cognitive processes, while actions serve as vital means for the output of internal cognitive processing, particularly decision-making information. Recent research has demonstrated that various aspects of action—such as response speed, intensity, sequence, conflict, and observation—can influence metacognition. From the perspective of cognitive models, post- decision models of metacognition are well-suited to explaining experimental evidence regarding the impact of action on metacognition. These models propose that the information used for metacognitive evaluation (metacognitive evidence) differs from but is related to that used for perceptual judgment (perceptual evidence), focusing respectively on hierarchical processing, Bayesian computation, and confidence enhancement. From the perspective of neural mechanisms, action and perceptual information may be integrated through brain networks centered on the prefrontal cortex, relying on electrophysiological mechanisms such as β oscillations and α inhibition, with metacognition shaped under the regulation of attention. Future research could further explore the boundary conditions under which actions alter metacognition, the true meaning of confidence, and the metacognitive performance of special populations.

Key words: action, metacognition, perceptual judgment, confidence evaluation, cognitive and neural mechanisms

中图分类号:

B842

程晓荣, 仇式明, 定险峰, 范炤. (2025). 动作如何影响元认知?——基于认知模型和神经机制的探讨. 心理科学进展 , 33(3), 425-438.

CHENG Xiaorong, QIU Shiming, DING Xianfeng, FAN Zhao. (2025). How does action influence metacognition? — An exploration based on cognitive models and neural mechanisms. Advances in Psychological Science, 33(3), 425-438.

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