瞳孔是心灵的窗口吗?——瞳孔在心理学研究中的应用及测量

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

瞳孔大小是眼动研究中一个重要的参数指标, 在一定程度上能够反映人的心理活动并影响他人的心理与行为。一方面, 瞳孔变化受到自上而下的知觉与注意、情绪与动机、心理努力、社会认知与发展等因素的影响, 另一方面, 大瞳孔能引起他人更多的积极评价和积极行为。瞳孔的神经机制(蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素系统)和自适应增益理论解释了瞳孔与心理之间存在紧密联系的原因。瞳孔测量(pupillometry)作为一种有效的眼动追踪方法有助于理解瞳孔与心理的关系, 研究者在测量瞳孔时需要关注无关变量(如亮度、注视位置), 原始数据处理(如基线校正、眨眼处理)及瞳孔指标选取(如瞳孔直径、震颤频率)等问题, 未来研究应继续探讨瞳孔与其他心理之间的关系, 并探索更有效地处理和使用瞳孔指标的方法。

关键词: 瞳孔, 瞳孔测量, 自上而下加工, 神经机制, 自适应增益理论

Abstract:

Over the past few years, pupillometry is proliferation in psychological studies and eye tracking measurement. Pupil size or diameter can reflect mental activities, and affect other’s feeling and decision making. In addition, the sizes of our pupils are also influenced by the top-down processing, such as perception and attention, emotion and motivation, mental effort, social cognition and so on. Studies in pupillometry also found that large pupils give others good impressions (e.g. more attractive, more positive), and· cause more positive behaviors during the interaction (e.g. trust behaviors; honest behaviors). In this paper, we reviewed the relations between pupils and our mind with the pupil’s neural mechanisms and the adaptive-gain theory based on previous publications. As an effective eye-tracking parameter, pupil could be measured by eye tracking to explore the inner cognitive processing of our human being. In this paper, controlling interference of unrelated variables (e.g., luminance, gaze position), pupillometry raw data mining (e.g., baseline correction, blink processing), and the selection of pupil indices (e.g., pupil diameter, peak value, oscillations frequency) are also discussed for the future research.

Key words: pupil, pupillometry, top-down processing, neural mechanisms, the adaptive-gain theory

中图分类号:

B841

杨晓梦, 王福兴, 王燕青, 赵婷婷, 高春颍, 胡祥恩. (2020). 瞳孔是心灵的窗口吗?——瞳孔在心理学研究中的应用及测量. 心理科学进展 , 28(7), 1029-1041.

YANG Xiaomeng, WANG Fuxing, WANG Yanqing, ZHAO Tingting, GAO Chunying, HU Xiangen. (2020). Are pupils the window of our mind? Pupil-related application in psychology and pupillometry. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(7), 1029-1041.

图/表 1

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