ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 26-41.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.00026

• 元分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

自闭症谱系障碍者的面孔加工特点——眼动研究的元分析

郝艳斌;王福兴; 谢和平; 安婧; 王玉鑫; 刘华山   

  1. (湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室, 华中师范大学心理学院, 武汉 430079)
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-28 出版日期:2018-01-15 发布日期:2017-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 王福兴, E-mail: fxwang@mail.ccnu.edu.cn; 刘华山, E-mail: hsliupsycho@263.net
  • 基金资助:
    人的发展与心理健康湖北省重点实验室(华中师范大学)开放课题和华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU16A02023)资助。

How do autism spectrum disorders process human face? A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies

HAO Yanbin; WANG Fuxing; XIE Heping; AN Jing; WANG Yuxin; LIU Huashan   

  1. Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Received:2017-04-28 Online:2018-01-15 Published:2017-11-28
  • Contact: WANG Fuxing, E-mail: fxwang@mail.ccnu.edu.cn; LIU Huashan, E-mail: hsliupsycho@263.net

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被引次数

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摘要：  以往研究将回避眼睛作为自闭症谱系障碍的评估标准之一, 但是一些眼动研究发现：自闭症谱系障碍者也回避注视嘴部。那么回避嘴部是否同样可以作为评估标准？本研究运用元分析, 分别将面孔核心区域中眼睛和嘴部的注视时间作为结果变量, 探讨自闭症谱系障碍者面孔加工的注视特点。通过文献检索和筛查, 共有27篇眼动文献被纳入最终的元分析, 其中眼睛注视时间生成43个独立效应量(1343人), 在嘴部注视时间生成36个独立效应量(1112人)。结果发现, 自闭症谱系障碍组对眼睛的注视时间显著少于普通被试组(d = −0.75), 但是两组在嘴部注视时间上没有显著差异(d = −0.29)。调节效应检验发现：年龄(d儿童 = −0.89, d成人 = −0.04)、面孔方向(d正立 = −0.79, d倒置 = 0.31)会影响被试对眼睛的注视时间; 年龄(d儿童 = 0.40, d成人 = −0.56)、言语智商(d匹配 = 0.63, d不匹配 = −0.62)和非言语智商的匹配性(d匹配 = 0.27, d不匹配 = −0.51)、自闭症的严重程度 (d高功能 = 0.43, d中低功能 = −0.65)和任务方式(d自由浏览 = −0.48, d辨别任务 = 0.90)则会影响被试对嘴部的注视时间。元分析结果表明嘴部注视不能作为区分自闭症谱系障碍者的指标。

关键词: 自闭症谱系障碍者, 眼动, 面孔加工, 元分析, 眼睛

Abstract: Aberrant eye gaze is one of important indicators for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) according to previous studies. Recent eye tracking studies yield inconsistent findings on whether ASD may pay less attention towards the mouth region compared with typical development (TD) participants. In this study, a meta-analysis is conducted with fixation durations on both eyes and mouth regions as dependent variables. Twenty-seven eligible ASD eye-tracking studies were included in the current study. As a result, 43 independent effect sizes containing 1,343 participants are computed in the eye-related meta-analysis, and 36 independent effect sizes containing 1,112 participants in the mouth-related meta-analysis are analyzed. The results revealed that individuals with ASD fixated significantly shorter on the eye region than the TD (d = −0.75). However, no significant difference was found on fixation duration of the mouth region between two groups (d = −0.29). The moderator analysis indicated that age (d children = −0.89, d adult = −0.04) and face inversion (d upright = −0.79, d inverted = 0.31) moderated eye-related fixation duration. In addition, age (d children = 0.40, d adult = −0.56), verbal IQ (d match = 0.63, d no match = −0.62), nonverbal IQ (d match = 0.27, d no match= −0.51), the severity of autism (d high function = 0.43, d low function = −0.65), and task types (d free view = −0.48, d discrimination task = 0.90) moderated the effect of experimental manipulation on the mouth-related fixation duration. These findings suggest that fixation duration on the eye region is a potential indicator of ASD but the mouth region may not be.

Key words: 自闭症谱系障碍者, 眼动, 面孔加工, 元分析, 眼睛

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