ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 12-21.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.00012

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于记忆的注意捕获和注意抑制效应：ERP证据

胡艳梅1;张明2   

  1. (1东北师范大学教育学部心理学院, 长春 130024) (2苏州大学教育学院心理学系, 苏州 215000)
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-30 发布日期:2016-01-25 出版日期:2016-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 张明, E-mail: psyzm@suda.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目资助(NSFC：31300833/31371025); 东北师范大学哲学社会科学校内青年基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助, 编号：XQ15010

Electrophysiological evidence for memory-based attentional capture and memory-based attentional rejection effects

HU Yanmei1; ZHANG Ming2   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, School of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)
    (2 Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China)
  • Received:2015-01-30 Online:2016-01-25 Published:2016-01-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Ming, E-mail: psyzm@suda.edu.cn

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摘要：

采用工作记忆与视觉搜索双任务范式, 通过操作匹配试次出现概率来诱发不同水平的认知控制动机, 考察了基于记忆的注意引导过程的时程特点。结果：记忆匹配刺激首先诱发了N2pc成分, 随后诱发了与抑制过程相关的差异正波。并且, 认知控制动机水平越高, N2pc波幅越小、潜伏期越短; 抑制性差异正波波幅越大。结论：基于记忆的注意引导过程包括早期的注意捕获和后期的注意抑制两个阶段; 其效应量和时程受到认知控制动机水平的调节。

关键词: 工作记忆, 注意捕获, 注意抑制, N2pc

Abstract:

 

Biased competition theory suggests that stimuli matching the contents of visual working memory can always capture attention. However, the tests of this hypothesis failed to product consistent results. Some researches indicated that items matching the contents of visual working memory can automatically capture attention (i.e., memory-based attentional capture). Others argued that the contents of visual working memory are not necessary to capture attention. They can be rejected when they were irrelevant to the goal of the current task (i.e., memory-based attentional rejection). One of the remained questions is that whether or not the memory-based attentional capture effect is obligatory during the early deployments of visual attention, or in other words, whether or not the memory-based attentional rejection effect can be found during the early attentional deployments.
Present study conducted an ERP experiment to investigate the time course of memory-based attentional guidance. Participants performed a visual search task while concurrently maintaining an item in visual object working memory. The search task included one target and one distractor. In matching trials, the search distractor shared the same color with the memory item. In control trials, neither the search target nor the distractor matched the color of the memory item. Meantime, the proportion of matching trials (20%/50%/80%) was manipulated. Higher proportion of matching trials elicits higher level of cognitive control incentive.
Behavioural results showed search RTs were faster in matching trials than in control trials when the proportion of matching trials was set to be 50% and 80%, suggesting that items matching the contents of working memory can be rejected. However, no effect of trial type was found on search RTs when the proportion of matching trials was 20%. ERP results firstly revealed N2pc components at approximately 200~300 ms post-stimulus in all three proportion conditions (20%/50%/80%), suggesting the memory-based attentional capture effects. Furthermore, N2pc amplitudes were reduced when the proportion of matching trials increased from 50% to 80%. N2pc latencies were speeded with higher proportion of matching trials. Secondly, the positive difference waves corresponding to the inhibition of the memory-matching item were then observed after N2pc (since approximately 300 ms post-stimulus) in 50% and 80% conditions, suggesting the memory-based attentional rejection effects. Such positive difference waves were enhanced when the proportion of matching trials increased.
In sum, our results indicate the guidance effect of visual working memory on attention has two phases, i.e., the memory-based attentional capture on the early phase and the memory-based attentional rejection on the later phase. The early memory-based attentional capture effect is involuntary, though the effect-size and time course of it can be varied by the level of cognitive control incentive. The later memory-based attentional rejection effect is voluntary and more in evidence with higher cognitive control incentive.

Key words: working memory, attentional capture, attentional rejection, N2pc