ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 1998, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 467-473.

• • 上一篇    

成年人现实生活问题解决的年龄差异

孙长华;许淑莲;吴振云;吴志平   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所!北京，100012,中国科学院心理研究所!北京，100012,中国科学院心理研究所!北京，100012,中国科学院心理研究所!北京，100012
  • 发布日期:1998-12-25 出版日期:1998-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 孙长华

AGE DIFFERENCES ON PROBLEM SOLVING OF PRACTICAL LIFE IN ADULTS

Sun Changhua; Xu Shulian; Wu Zhenyun; Wu Zhiping(Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101)   

  • Online:1998-12-25 Published:1998-12-25

摘要： 采用自行编制的十个与现实生活有关的问题，对20至85岁的成年人，分成青年至老老年四个年龄组进行测验，试图探讨成年人现实生活问题解决的年龄差异；并同时进行20个问题（简称猜图）作业的实验，以期对比研究。结果看到：（1）两组主试对现实生活问题解决的评分一致率合格（r值均在0．74以上）。（2）对现实生活问题解决提出方案的数量（N），三个较年轻组比老老年组答案多些；解决问题有效最高分（H）和各方案的平均有效分（M）未见年龄差异。（3）文化因素对N分和H分有明显的影响。（4）青年至老老年组猜图猜中的人数有明显的年龄差异；除中年与老年组相差不大外，较年轻组均比较年长组明显多些；提问题用策略百分率也看到非常明显的年龄差异。（5）现实生活问题解决的N分与猜图第几次猜中和用策略百分率有显著的相关。（6）结果还提示现实生活问题解决比实验室内问题解决的年龄差异小些，也即老年人解决现实生活问题的能力保持尚好。

关键词: 年龄差异, 现实生活问题解决, 策略

Abstract: 20-85yr old adult subjects (forming 4 groups) were tested for studying the age differences on problem solving of practical life. At the same bine, the twenty questions problem experiment was carried out. The results showed: (1) Rating consistency was up to standard for two groups of experimenters; (2) The number of scheme in putting forward (N) on practical problem solving was more in the three younger groups than the old group. However, no age differences were found in score of efficiency of practical problem solving; (3) The educational level had obviousinfluence on N and H scores, (4) The percentage in using strategy for guessing thepicture and how many bines could the aim pictures be reached had very significant age differences; (5) The N score of problem solving of prachcal life was correlated with using strategy for guessing pictures and how many bines could the aim picture be reached; (6) The results suggested, age differences on problem solving in practical life was smaller than in the laboratory.

Key words: age differences, problem solving of practical life, strategy, twenty questions problem