顶下叶在汉语声调感知中的作用：fNIRS导航的TMS研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1343

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

左侧顶下叶(IPL)是语音范畴感知的重要脑区, 它同样参与了汉语声调感知, 但是对其功能认识还没有得到一致的结论。本研究使用功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)技术对左侧IPL参与声调感知进行功能定位(实验1), 然后使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)技术对左侧IPL进行虚拟损伤(实验2), 建立左侧IPL与声调范畴感知的因果联系。实验1发现左侧IPL背侧通道不仅对声调范畴敏感, 范畴间比范畴内刺激对诱发了更强的氧合血红蛋白(HbO)浓度变化; 还对声学间隔敏感, 小声学间隔比大声学间隔刺激对诱发了更强的HbO浓度变化。实验2分别虚拟损伤左侧IPL的背侧和腹侧通道, 发现当左侧IPL背侧通道虚拟受损后, 该通道对声调范畴的敏感性消失, 而左侧IPL腹侧通道和前运动皮层通道对声学特征变得敏感。但是当左侧IPL腹侧通道虚拟受损后, 仅左侧额下回通道出现了功能代偿性地对声调范畴敏感。结果表明左侧IPL背侧在汉语声调范畴感知中起到重要作用, 而腹侧区域在语音感知的神经生理模型背侧通路中起着门控作用。研究结果从声调语言的角度丰富了语音感知加工的神经生理模型, 阐明了背侧/腹侧语音加工通路在范畴感知中的协作机制。

关键词: 声调, 范畴知觉, 顶下叶, fNIRS, TMS

Abstract:

The left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a critical brain region for categorical perception of speech, and some studies have shown that it is involved in the categorical perception of Chinese tones. However, its specific role in tone perception remains unclear.

The current study manipulated both tonal categories (intercategory vs. intracategory) and acoustic features (large vs. small acoustic intervals) in successively presented stimulus pairs to examine whether the IPL is sensitive to acoustic features or to the abstract representation of tonal categories during Chinese tone perception. Experiment 1 used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to localize functional activation in the IPL during tone perception. Experiment 2 used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to virtually impair the IPL and establish a causal neural link between the IPL and tonal categorical perception.

Experiment 1 showed that the dorsal IPL channel was sensitive to tonal categories, exhibiting more robust IPL activation induced by intercategory stimulation than intracategory stimulation. This region was also sensitive to acoustic intervals, with stronger activation induced by small acoustic intervals than by large ones. In Experiment 2, the dorsal and ventral IPL channels were virtually disrupted separately using TMS. When the dorsal IPL channel was inhibited, its sensitivity to tonal categories disappeared. In contrast, the ventral IPL channel and the left premotor cortex (PMC) channel were sensitive to acoustic intervals, with stronger activation induced by large acoustic intervals than by small ones. However, when TMS inhibited the ventral IPL channel, only functional compensation in the left inferior frontal gyrus channels showed sensitivity to tonal categories and induced greater intracategory activation than intercategory stimulation did.

In summary, these findings demonstrate a critical role of the left dorsal IPL in the categorical perception of Chinese tone. In contrast, the ventral IPL plays an essential gating role in the dorsal stream of speech perception. The results enrich the neurophysiological model of speech perception from a tonal language perspective, elucidating the collaborative mechanism between dorsal and ventral speech streams in categorical perception.

Key words: tone, categorical perception, inferior parietal lobule, fNIRS, TMS

中图分类号:

B842
B845

刘淑娟, 谭丽柔, 齐芸, 胡帅, 王小娟, 杨剑峰. (2026). 顶下叶在汉语声调感知中的作用：fNIRS导航的TMS研究. 心理学报, 58(7), 1343-1356.

LIU Shujuan, TAN Lirou, QI Yun, HU Shuai, WANG Xiaojuan, YANG Jianfeng. (2026). fNIRS-guided TMS technique reveals a critical role of the left inferior parietal lobule in Chinese tone perception. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(7), 1343-1356.

图/表 9

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变异来源	df	IPL背侧(15)			IPL腹侧(11)			PMC			IFG
变异来源	df	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p
声学间隔	(1, 59)	4.66	0.035	0.07	4.94	0.030	0.08	0.61	0.439	0.01	1.75	0.191	0.03
声调范畴	(1, 59)	1.45	0.233	0.02	1.50	0.225	0.02	1.78	0.187	0.03	5.13	0.027	0.08
TMS刺激位点	(1, 59)	1.21	0.276	0.02	2.93	0.092	0.05	1.75	0.191	0.03	3.14	0.082	0.05
声学×范畴	(1, 59)	1.86	0.177	0.03	4.64	0.035	0.07	2.60	0.112	0.04	1.98	0.165	0.03
TMS×声学	(1, 59)	7.66	0.008	0.11	6.96	0.011	0.11	8.81	0.004	0.13	0.11	0.737	0.00
TMS×范畴	(1, 59)	0.08	0.779	0.00	1.80	0.185	0.03	0.90	0.346	0.02	6.08	0.017	0.09
TMS×声学×范畴	(1, 59)	0.12	0.728	0.00	0.34	0.562	0.01	1.15	0.288	0.02	0.34	0.563	0.01

变异来源	df	IPL背侧(15)			IPL腹侧(11)			PMC			IFG
变异来源	df	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p	F	p	η²_p
声学间隔	(1, 59)	4.66	0.035	0.07	4.94	0.030	0.08	0.61	0.439	0.01	1.75	0.191	0.03
声调范畴	(1, 59)	1.45	0.233	0.02	1.50	0.225	0.02	1.78	0.187	0.03	5.13	0.027	0.08
TMS刺激位点	(1, 59)	1.21	0.276	0.02	2.93	0.092	0.05	1.75	0.191	0.03	3.14	0.082	0.05
声学×范畴	(1, 59)	1.86	0.177	0.03	4.64	0.035	0.07	2.60	0.112	0.04	1.98	0.165	0.03
TMS×声学	(1, 59)	7.66	0.008	0.11	6.96	0.011	0.11	8.81	0.004	0.13	0.11	0.737	0.00
TMS×范畴	(1, 59)	0.08	0.779	0.00	1.80	0.185	0.03	0.90	0.346	0.02	6.08	0.017	0.09
TMS×声学×范畴	(1, 59)	0.12	0.728	0.00	0.34	0.562	0.01	1.15	0.288	0.02	0.34	0.563	0.01

变异来源	df	正确率			IPL背侧(15)			IPL腹侧(11)			PMC			IFG
变异来源	df	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p
声学间隔	(1, 30)	20.50	0.000	0.41	4.67	0.039	0.13	1.07	0.310	0.03	2.99	0.094	0.09	2.39	0.133	0.07
声调范畴	(1, 30)	333.82	0.000	0.92	7.29	0.011	0.20	4.15	0.051	0.12	1.70	0.202	0.05	0.19	0.668	0.01
声学×范畴	(1, 30)	11.91	0.002	0.28	2.37	0.134	0.07	1.87	0.181	0.06	3.74	0.063	0.11	0.15	0.698	0.01

变异来源	df	正确率			IPL背侧(15)			IPL腹侧(11)			PMC			IFG
变异来源	df	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p
声学间隔	(1, 30)	20.50	0.000	0.41	4.67	0.039	0.13	1.07	0.310	0.03	2.99	0.094	0.09	2.39	0.133	0.07
声调范畴	(1, 30)	333.82	0.000	0.92	7.29	0.011	0.20	4.15	0.051	0.12	1.70	0.202	0.05	0.19	0.668	0.01
声学×范畴	(1, 30)	11.91	0.002	0.28	2.37	0.134	0.07	1.87	0.181	0.06	3.74	0.063	0.11	0.15	0.698	0.01

变异来源	df	正确率			IPL背侧(15)			IPL腹侧(11)			PMC			IFG
变异来源	df	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p	F	p	η2 p
声学间隔	(1, 30)	33.61	0.000	0.53	11.31	0.002	0.27	13.79	0.001	0.31	7.18	0.012	0.19	1.67	0.206	0.05
声调范畴	(1, 30)	97.04	0.000	0.76	1.88	0.180	0.06	4.54	0.041	0.13	3.81	0.060	0.11	0.02	0.895	0.00
声学×范畴	(1, 30)	4.27	0.047	0.12	0.41	0.527	0.01	1.05	0.313	0.03	3.43	0.074	0.10	1.88	0.181	0.06