具身体验对二语抽象概念空间隐喻的梯度调节: 来自ERP的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1357

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于概念隐喻理论, 采用效价判断和垂直Stroop任务, 结合事件相关电位(Event-related potential, ERP)技术, 考察视觉模拟(实验1)和手部运动模拟(实验2)对二语抽象概念空间隐喻联结的影响及其神经时程。结果显示: 视觉模拟仅诱发“积极−上”的隐喻联结, 表现为积极词在上方呈现时的反应时显著短于其在下方呈现, 并伴随波幅减小的N400; 而手部运动模拟则诱发“积极−上/消极−下”的双向隐喻联结, 表现为空间隐喻一致条件下的反应时更短、N400波幅减小和LPC波幅增大。上述发现不仅证实了二语抽象概念空间隐喻效应的存在, 更揭示了不同模态具身体验对二语抽象概念空间隐喻联结的梯度调节作用, 并明确了该调节过程不仅发生在语义整合阶段, 还延续至晚期的认知资源调控阶段。

关键词: 二语抽象概念, 空间隐喻, 视觉模拟, 手部运动模拟, ERPs

Abstract:

The embodied cognitive perspective on language suggests that the representation of abstract concepts is grounded in the human sensorimotor system, which involves perceptual, motor, and affective information. As a key representative of this theoretical framework, Conceptual Metaphor Theory provides a systematic explanation for the metaphorical nature of abstract concepts. It posits that individuals understand and represent abstract concepts by drawing on concrete spatial perceptual experiences. While the spatial metaphor effects of abstract concepts have been extensively validated in the first language (L1) domain, it remains controversial whether similar spatial metaphorical associations exist in the processing of second language (L2) abstract concepts. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that simulated embodied experience can provide sensorimotor grounding for L2 abstract concepts, thereby enhancing the stability of their metaphorical mappings onto spatial information and producing more reliable spatial metaphor effects. To this end, the present study employs ERP technology in combination with valence judgment and vertical Stroop tasks to investigate the following questions: (1) To what extent do simulated embodied experiences strengthen the metaphorical association between L2 abstract concepts and vertical spatial information? (2) What is the neural time course of this enhancement effect? (3) Do different modalities of embodied experience differentially facilitate metaphorical associations?

Two ERP experiments were designed to investigate how two types of embodied experience—visual simulation and hand movement simulation—affect the spatial metaphorical association of L2 abstract concepts and their neural time courses. Experiment 1 used a valence judgment task that incorporated a spatially oriented fixation point (upward/downward movement) to evaluate the effect of visual simulation. In contrast, Experiment 2 employed a vertical Stroop task combined with mouse-tracking technology, in which the direction of the participant’s hand movement (upward/downward) was manipulated to assess the role of hand movement simulation.

The results show that both modalities of embodied simulation effectively strengthened the metaphorical association between L2 abstract concepts and vertical space, with hand movement simulation showing a significantly stronger facilitative effect than visual simulation. Specifically, visual simulation only induced a unidirectional “positive-up” metaphorical association, as reflected in shorter reaction times for positive words presented in the upper versus lower visual field, along with a reduced N400 amplitude. In contrast, hand movement simulation elicited a bidirectional “positive-up/negative-down” association. This was evidenced by shorter reaction times, a reduced N400 amplitude, and an enhanced LPC amplitude under metaphor-congruent conditions. These results suggest that L2 abstract concepts are represented through spatial metaphors, and that embodied experiences, particularly those involving visual and motor simulation, can effectively enhance metaphorical mappings from spatial information to L2 abstract concepts. Furthermore, the types of simulation modality differentially influence the behavioral and neural correlates of L2 metaphor processing, modulating both early semantic integration (N400) and/or later cognitive resource regulation (LPC).

This study makes several significant contributions. First, it proposes and provides evidence that embodied experience can modulate the strength of spatial metaphor mappings in L2 abstract concepts, thereby expanding the explanatory scope of Conceptual Metaphor Theory in second language processing. Second, through real-time tracking of neural time courses using ERP technology, the study provides direct neuroelectrophysiological evidence supporting the view that hand movement simulation induces stronger embodied effects than visual simulation. By systematically comparing the differentiated effects of distinct embodied modalities on L2 abstract concepts, the findings also affirm the cross-linguistic universality of spatial metaphorical associations. Moreover, this work suggests that embodied simulations can offer a viable approach to enhancing the acquisition and understanding of L2 abstract concepts by compensating for the lack of direct perceptual-motor experiences in L2 learners.

Key words: L2 abstract concepts, spatial metaphor, visual simulation, hand movement simulation, ERPs

中图分类号:

B842

姚昭, 李甜甜, 朱湘茹. (2026). 具身体验对二语抽象概念空间隐喻的梯度调节: 来自ERP的证据. 心理学报, 58(7), 1357-1369.

YAO Zhao, LI Tiantian, ZHU Xiangru. (2026). Gradient modulation of spatial metaphors for abstract concepts in L2 by embodied experience: ERP evidence. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(7), 1357-1369.

图/表 7

图1 实验1流程图

图2 二语抽象概念在不同实验条件下的反应时

注: * p = 0.07

图3 不同实验条件下的ERPs波形图(在FC3 FCz FC4 C3 Cz C4上的平均波幅)与地形图(N400和LPC对应的地形图及其差异波)。彩图见电子版, 下同。

图4 反应设备示意图注: 图4-A为Lachmair等人(2011)采用的反应设备: 在特制键盘上进行按键; 图4-B为Schütt等人(2023)的反应界面: 将目标词拖动至分界线上方或下方; 图4-C为本研究的反应界面: 移动鼠标至指定点并点击。

图5 实验2流程图

图6 二语抽象概念在不同实验条件下的反应时

注: * p < 0.05

图7 不同实验条件下的ERPs波形图(在FC3 FCz FC4 C3 Cz C4上的平均波幅)与地形图(N400和LPC对应的地形图及其差异波)

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