ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 296-306.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.00296

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

词汇识别中歧义词素语义加工:ERP研究

赵思敏; 吴 岩 ;李天虹; 郭庆童   

  1. (东北师范大学心理学院, 长春 130024)
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-22 发布日期:2017-03-25 出版日期:2017-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 吴岩, E-mail: wuy399@nenu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31500878)。

Morpho-semantic processing in Chinese word recognition: An ERP study

ZHAO Simin; WU Yan; LI Tianhong; GUO Qingtong   

  1. (School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)
  • Received:2016-03-22 Online:2017-03-25 Published:2017-03-25
  • Contact: WU Yan, E-mail: wuy399@nenu.edu.cn

摘要:

结合掩蔽启动范式和ERP技术, 利用歧义词素的加工, 本研究探讨了歧义词素语义的激活。实验采用3×2两因素被试内设计, 歧义词素两含义互为启动刺激和目标刺激, 两变量分别为启动词类型(歧义词素含义1 vs. 含义2 vs. 无关词)和目标词类型(歧义词素含义1 vs. 含义2)。行为结果发现启动词类型和目标词类型存在交互作用, 即只有当共享词素同形同义的情况下, 目标词的加工才可能被启动, 共享词素同形不同义时并没有产生启动效应。ERP结果进一步肯定了行为结果, 在N250和N400两个脑电成分上都发现了启动类型和目标类型交互作用有关的效应, 当启动词和目标词共享词素同形同义时, 同时引发了N250和N400的变化; 当共享词素同形不同义时, 时程分析时虽然也发现了N250的变化, 但是N250的效应较小, 小于同形同义所引发的N250效应, 持续时间也较短。实验结果说明, 在词汇识别中歧义词素语义可以激活, 并对目标词汇加工的早期加工阶段发挥作用。

关键词: 歧义词素, 词素语义, 掩蔽启动, ERPs

Abstract:

The results of research over 30 years have found a reliable morpheme effect on word recognition, suggesting that morphemes are involved in lexical access. Although evidence supports a unique and independent role of morphemes in word recognition, it remains controversial whether early morphological processing relies purely on surface orthographic or morphemic meaning. Previous researchers commonly address the issue by investigating the semantic transparency which compare the strength of morphological priming produced by transparent words (e.g., snowman-snow, morpheme and whole words share both form and meaning) and opaque words (e.g., department-depart, morpheme and whole words share form only). However, regretfully, current results are confusing, with some studies reporting that the prior exposure to both transparent and opaque words could facilitate subsequent target words and the strength of facilitation in two conditions are equivalent, suggesting morphemic form was only sufficient for morphological priming regardless of the morpheme meaning. However, others assume the strength of facilitation produced by transparent words is stronger than opaque ones, which indicates morpho-semantic processing may start at the early stage of morphological processing. The majority of Chinese characters are compounds, which adopt a morph-syllabic system that each Chinese character corresponds to a morpheme, in addition, morphemic decomposition may be relatively easy and possibly automatic because morpheme boundaries are marked by space which make it more adaptive to extract morpheme meaning during Chinese word recognition. It is more apparent when Chinese compounds containing ambiguous morphemes (e.g., 月, meaning moon or month) may have different meanings which only share the same form can be a better choice to examine morpho-semantic processing, it is worth noticing that the ambiguous morpheme we use here does not distinguish dominant meaning from subordinate meaning that the relative frequency of the alternative interpretations of ambiguous morphemes could be similar. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore morpho-semantic activation during the early stage of Chinese word recognition. In the research, masked priming paradigm is used and lexical decision task adopted, combined with ERPs technique. Two factors were manipulated: the type of target words containing ambiguous morpheme one of the two alternative meanings and the type of prime words either containing ambiguous morpheme with two meanings or unrelated to the target words. Behavioral results reveal that only target words sharing the same morpheme both form and meaning with prime words could facilitate the recognition of target. ERP results further confirmed behavioral results which showed the interaction between prime words type and target words type as reflected by the N250 and N400 effects, only when target words share the same morpheme both form and meaning with prime words would the change be elicited of N250 or N400, the effect of N250 mainly observed within frontier region, while the effect of N400 was more widely observed in all regions compared to N250 which indicated that the role of ambiguous morphemic meaning in word recognition was done in two stages reflected on N250 and N400. In result, morpho-semantic processing was involved in the early stage of morphemic processing. Moreover, it adds the new evidence to psychological meaning of N250, which was related to morpho-semantic processing.

Key words: ambiguous morpheme, morpho-semantic processing, masked priming, ERPs