负性社会反馈对吸烟者行为抑制的影响：系列行为与事件相关电位证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.2547

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于吸烟行为具有社会影响, 针对吸烟行为的负性社会反馈可能是增强吸烟者行为抑制的重要途径。然而, 目前尚无研究探讨这一可能性。为此, 本研究操纵负性社会反馈类别(吸烟反馈vs一般反馈)并采用吸烟相关Go/Nogo范式, 探究不同来源的负性社会反馈对吸烟者吸烟渴求与行为抑制的影响及该影响的脑内时间动态特征。结果显示：(1)负性社会反馈诱发后, 一般反馈组行为抑制表现下降, 但吸烟反馈组的行为抑制表现显著提升, 该差异模式仅出现在吸烟线索条件下; (2)吸烟反馈组在后测时外显渴求显著降低, 内隐渴求呈下降趋势, 而一般反馈组在两种渴求维度上均未发生显著变化; (3)脑电数据显示, 一般反馈导致中央区P3波幅显著减小, 但吸烟反馈未导致该变化; 同时, 吸烟反馈组在后测阶段相比一般反馈组表现出更大的中央区P3波幅和更小的前额N2波幅; (4)被试的吸烟渴求度可显著负向预测Go反应时而正向预测Nogo错误率, 提示吸烟渴求与行为失控的正向关系。本研究提示指向吸烟行为的负性社会反馈可以将社会疼痛转化为对吸烟者行为抑制的促进效应。

关键词: 吸烟者, 行为抑制, 戒烟, 负性社会反馈, 抑制控制, 事件相关电位(ERP)

Abstract: Impaired behavioral inhibition is not only a cognitive consequence of smoking but also a critical factor contributing to the difficulty of smoking cessation. Given the social nature of smoking behavior, negative social feedback targeting smoking may serve as a potential pathway to enhance inhibitory control in smokers. However, no direct empirical research has explored this possibility to date. To address this gap, the present study manipulated the category of negative social feedback (smoking-related feedback vs. general feedback) and employed a smoking-related Go/No-Go task combined with an Implicit Association Test to investigate the effects of negative social feedback from different sources on smokers' craving and behavioral inhibition. Meanwhile, event-related potentials were used to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity underlying these effects.
The results revealed that: (1) Following the induction of negative social feedback, the general feedback group exhibited decreased behavioral inhibition performance, whereas the smoking feedback group showed significantly improved inhibition. Notably, this differential pattern emerged exclusively under smoking-cue conditions. (2) The smoking feedback group demonstrated a significant reduction in explicit craving at post-test, along with a declining trend in implicit craving, whereas no significant changes were observed in either craving dimension within the general feedback group. (3) Electrophysiological data indicated that general feedback led to a significant reduction in central P3 amplitudes, while smoking feedback did not induce such attenuation. Furthermore, compared to the general feedback group, the smoking feedback group exhibited larger central P3 amplitudes and smaller frontal N2 amplitudes during the post-test phase. (4) Participants' smoking craving levels significantly and negatively predicted Go reaction times and positively predicted No-Go error rates, suggesting a positive association between craving and behavioral dyscontrol.
This study differentiated the directionality of negative social feedback, revealing that negative social feedback directed at smoking behavior can transform social pain into a potential facilitating effect on smoking-related behavioral inhibition. Collectively, these results demonstrate that negative social feedback targeting smoking behavior promotes smokers’ inhibitory control over smoking behavior and the associated neural processing.

Key words: smokers, behavioral inhibition, smoking cessation, negative social feedback, inhibitory control, event- related potentials (ERP)

中图分类号:

B845

孙萌, 蒙锦秋, 袁加锦. (2026). 负性社会反馈对吸烟者行为抑制的影响：系列行为与事件相关电位证据. 心理学报, 58(12), 2547-2567.

SUN Meng, MENG Jinqiu, YUAN Jiajin. (2026). The impact of negative social feedback on behavioral inhibition in smokers: Serial evidence from behavioral and event-related potential studies. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(12), 2547-2567.

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