由“俭”入“奢”与由“奢”入“俭”：稀缺感知顺序与童年稀缺经历对抑制控制的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0903

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示稀缺感知和感知顺序对抑制控制的影响, 以及稀缺感知是即时性还是长时程影响抑制控制。研究1以272名大学生为被试, 结合问卷法与实验法探究稀缺感知与抑制控制的关系。结果发现：相比充裕感知, 稀缺感知下个体的抑制控制水平更低。研究2以101名大学生为被试, 创设情境使被试先后经历稀缺感知和充裕感知, 但经历两种感知的顺序不同。结果表明：相比经历由充裕感知到稀缺感知, 个体先经历稀缺感知后经历充裕感知时, 在充裕感知下Flanker任务的反应时会显著降低, 但感知顺序不影响抑制控制。研究3以126名大学生为被试(童年稀缺感知经历多与少者各63人), 同时诱发其当下体验稀缺感知和感知顺序, 结果显示：当下经历由充裕感知到稀缺感知时, 童年稀缺感知经历多者在稀缺感知状态下的抑制控制水平显著高于童年稀缺感知经历少者。这表明稀缺感知既会即刻影响抑制控制, 也会通过早期经验长时程塑造抑制控制。综上, 由“俭”入“奢”时, 充裕感知能更好地促进一般性认知加工行为表现; 而由“奢”入“俭”时, 稀缺感知会损害童年稀缺感知经历少者的抑制控制。研究结果进一步拓展了稀缺理论。

关键词: 稀缺感知, 充裕感知, 感知顺序, 抑制控制, 童年稀缺感知经历

Abstract: We investigated how scarcity perception and the order in which scarcity and abundance are experienced influence inhibitory control, as well as whether these effects are immediate or long-lasting. In Experiment 1, 272 college students were recruited to examine the association between perceived scarcity and inhibitory control using both questionnaire-based measures and an experimental task (the Flanker task). The results indicated that individuals exhibited significantly lower levels of inhibitory control when scarcity, rather than abundance, was perceived at the time of the experiment.
Experiment 2 involved 101 college students and employed situational manipulations in which participants experienced scarcity and abundance on separate occasions, with the order of exposure counterbalanced. The findings showed that compared with participants who transitioned from abundance to scarcity, those who experienced scarcity first and abundance subsequently demonstrated significantly shorter response times on the Flanker task under the abundance condition. However, transition order did not affect the inhibitory control.
Experiment 3 recruited 126 college students. Participants were split into two groups based on the level of childhood scarcity experience reported: high vs low. For all participants, the experimental manipulations of scarcity and abundance were identical to those in Experiment 2. The results showed that when individuals experienced abundance first and scarcity afterward, those with more childhood scarcity experience exhibited significantly higher levels of inhibitory control than those with less childhood scarcity experience. These findings suggest that resource scarcity perception exerts both immediate and long-term effects rooted in early-life experiences.
In summary, our results indicate that transitions from frugality to luxury are associated with enhanced general cognitive processing and behavioral performance. In contrast, transitions from luxury to frugality impair inhibitory control, particularly among individuals with limited exposure to scarcity during childhood. Collectively, these findings extend scarcity theory by highlighting the dynamic and developmental nature of scarcity-related cognitive effects.

Key words: scarcity perception, abundance perception, order of the perceptions, inhibitory control, childhood scarcity experience

中图分类号:

B849:C91

蒋家丽, 章鹏, 樊利芳, 刘颖, 卢柳柳, 白学军. (2026). 由“俭”入“奢”与由“奢”入“俭”：稀缺感知顺序与童年稀缺经历对抑制控制的影响. 心理学报, 58(5), 903-917.

JIANG Jiali, ZHANG Peng, FAN Lifang, LIU Ying, LU Liuliu, BAI Xuejun. (2026). Transition from “frugality” to “luxury” and vice versa: Effects of transition order and childhood scarcity experience on inhibitory control. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(5), 903-917.

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