海洛因成瘾者的外源驱动性抑制和内生意图性抑制特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.2337

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过两个实验考察海洛因成瘾者的外源驱动性抑制(即根据外部线索抑制冲动行为)和内生意图性抑制(即根据内部决策抑制冲动行为)特征。实验1要求成瘾组和控制组完成包含标准刺激、偏差刺激和自由选择刺激的自由双选择Oddball任务并记录行为数据。结果发现, 成瘾组在自由选择任务中表现出更大的反应时延迟。实验2进一步采用脑电技术考察其时程动态特征。结果发现, 在迫选任务中, 成瘾组表现出更小的正确率代价和更小的P3差异波幅; 在自由选择任务中, 成瘾组表现出更低的抑制率, 且优势反应与非优势反应之间未出现显著的晚期慢波差异。结果表明, 海洛因成瘾者可能表现出更强的外源驱动性抑制能力以及更弱的内生意图性抑制能力。脑电结果进一步提示, 其在外源驱动性抑制中可能表现出较强的行为抑制执行相关加工, 而在内生意图性抑制中可能表现出较弱的结果评估相关加工。研究拓展了成瘾领域的研究视野, 对现有成瘾理论形成了有益补充, 并为戒毒干预实践提供了新的思路与方向。

关键词: 海洛因成瘾, 行为抑制, 外源驱动性抑制, 内生意图性抑制, ERP

Abstract: Impaired self-control is one of the most prominent features of heroin use disorder (HUD). Even when individuals fully understand the long-term risks of drug use, they may be unable to resist the urge to use heroin. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying this loss of self-control is crucial for understanding the development and maintenance of addictive behavior and the risk of relapse, as well as for designing targeted interventions. Contemporary theories of addiction identify deficient behavioral inhibition as a key contributor to impaired self-control in individuals with HUD, a view supported by empirical evidence. However, previous studies have focused primarily on reactive inhibition, with relatively little attention to intentional inhibition. Reactive inhibition refers to the suppression of impulsive actions in response to external cues, whereas intentional inhibition refers to the suppression of impulsive actions initiated by an internal decision. The present study addressed this gap by systematically examining reactive and intentional inhibition in individuals with HUD.
Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 examined reactive and intentional inhibition at the behavioral level. Thirty-four abstinent individuals with HUD and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) completed the recently developed Free Two-Choice Oddball Task while behavioral data were recorded. This task adds free-choice trials to a conventional two-choice oddball task comprising standard and deviant trials. Standard, deviant, and free-choice trials were presented at a ratio of 4:1:2, thereby yielding behavioral indices of both reactive and intentional inhibition. Experiment 2 sought to replicate the behavioral findings in an independent sample and characterize the temporal dynamics of these two forms of inhibition using event-related potentials (ERPs). Twenty-six abstinent individuals with HUD and 30 matched HCs completed the same task during EEG recording.
In Experiment 1, compared with the HC group, the HUD group showed impaired intentional inhibition, as reflected by a significantly greater response-time delay on free-choice trials. Experiment 2 provided converging evidence: the HUD group had a lower inhibition rate on free-choice trials. The ERP results further suggested weaker outcome-evaluation processing during intentional inhibition in the HUD group, as reflected by the absence of a significant late slow wave (LSW) difference between prepotent and non-prepotent responses. Contrary to our hypothesis and many previous findings, Experiment 2 also suggested enhanced reactive inhibition in the HUD group, as reflected by a smaller accuracy cost on forced-choice trials. The ERP findings were interpreted as indicating relatively stronger inhibitory-execution processing during reactive inhibition, indexed by a smaller P3 difference-wave amplitude.
Overall, the findings suggest a dissociable pattern of inhibition in individuals with HUD, characterized by relatively enhanced reactive inhibition but impaired intentional inhibition. These findings complement existing theories of addiction and may inform targeted rehabilitation interventions.

Key words: heroin use disorder, behavioral inhibition, reactive inhibition, intentional inhibition, ERP

中图分类号:

B845

徐梦思, 吴诗艳, 徐彦熙, 王振宏. (2026). 海洛因成瘾者的外源驱动性抑制和内生意图性抑制特征. 心理学报, 58(11), 2337-2354.

XU Mengsi, WU Shiyan, XU Yanxi, WANG Zhenhong. (2026). Enhanced reactive inhibition but impaired intentional inhibition in individuals with heroin use disorder. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(11), 2337-2354.

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