心理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 387-399.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00387
佐斌1,2, 刘晨1,2, 温芳芳1,2(), 谭潇1, 谢志杰1
收稿日期:
2020-05-25
发布日期:
2021-02-22
出版日期:
2021-04-25
通讯作者:
温芳芳
E-mail:wenff@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZUO Bin1,2, LIU Chen1,2, WEN Fangfang1,2(), TAN Xiao1, XIE Zhijie1
Received:
2020-05-25
Online:
2021-02-22
Published:
2021-04-25
Contact:
WEN Fangfang
E-mail:wenff@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
摘要:
名字在个体印象评价和人际交往中发挥着重要作用。本研究结合刻板印象内容模型, 从刻板印象维护视角出发, 通过3个研究考察了性别化名字的热情能力感知, 基于此探究性别化名字对不同性别个体的印象评价及人际交往的影响。结果发现:(1)人们对男性化名字的能力评价高于女性化名字, 对女性化名字的热情评价高于男性化名字; (2)性别化名字影响男性的能力评价和女性的热情评价; (3)性别化名字影响人们对女性的交友偏好, 热情评价在其中起到完全中介作用; 性别化名字影响人们和男性的共事偏好, 能力评价起到完全中介作用。研究揭示了性别化名字影响印象评价的模式, 并为理解人际交往中名字的作用机制提供了新的研究思路。
中图分类号:
佐斌, 刘晨, 温芳芳, 谭潇, 谢志杰. (2021). 性别化名字对个体印象评价及人际交往的影响. 心理学报, 53(4), 387-399.
ZUO Bin, LIU Chen, WEN Fangfang, TAN Xiao, XIE Zhijie. (2021). The impact of gender orientation of names on individuals’ evaluation of impressions and interpersonal interaction. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(4), 387-399.
个体性别 | 男性化名字 | 女性化名字 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
热情 | 能力 | 热情 | 能力 | |||||
男性 | 4.98 ± 0.89 | 5.40 ± 0.75 | 4.95 ± 0.97 | 4.80 ± 1.14 | ||||
女性 | 4.85 ± 0.99 | 5.32 ± 0.93 | 5.31 ± 0.96 | 5.26 ± 0.99 |
表1 对不同性别化名字的男性和女性的热情与能力评价(M ± SD)
个体性别 | 男性化名字 | 女性化名字 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
热情 | 能力 | 热情 | 能力 | |||||
男性 | 4.98 ± 0.89 | 5.40 ± 0.75 | 4.95 ± 0.97 | 4.80 ± 1.14 | ||||
女性 | 4.85 ± 0.99 | 5.32 ± 0.93 | 5.31 ± 0.96 | 5.26 ± 0.99 |
名字维度 | 研究3a (交友情境) | 研究3b (任务情境) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
男性 | 女性 | 男性 | 女性 | |
男名热情 | 4.73 ± 0.98 | 4.47 ± 1.02 | 4.56 ± 0.97 | 4.55 ± 0.97 |
男名能力 | 4.83 ± 1.00 | 4.97 ± 0.99 | 5.09 ± 1.10 | 5.27 ± 0.91 |
女名热情 | 4.78 ± 0.97 | 5.41 ± 0.80 | 4.85 ± 0.84 | 5.42 ± 0.81 |
女名能力 | 4.49 ± 0.73 | 4.90 ± 0.78 | 4.70 ± 0.81 | 5.04 ± 0.95 |
表2 研究3a、3b不同性别化名字人物的热情、能力评价(M ± SD)
名字维度 | 研究3a (交友情境) | 研究3b (任务情境) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
男性 | 女性 | 男性 | 女性 | |
男名热情 | 4.73 ± 0.98 | 4.47 ± 1.02 | 4.56 ± 0.97 | 4.55 ± 0.97 |
男名能力 | 4.83 ± 1.00 | 4.97 ± 0.99 | 5.09 ± 1.10 | 5.27 ± 0.91 |
女名热情 | 4.78 ± 0.97 | 5.41 ± 0.80 | 4.85 ± 0.84 | 5.42 ± 0.81 |
女名能力 | 4.49 ± 0.73 | 4.90 ± 0.78 | 4.70 ± 0.81 | 5.04 ± 0.95 |
[1] |
Abele,A.E.,& Wojciszke,B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5),751-763.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.751 URL pmid: 17983298 |
[2] | Bao,H.W. S., Chen,J.L. Lin,J. L.,& Li,L. (2016). Effects of name and gender on interpersonal attraction: Gender role evaluation as a mediator. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(4),596-600. |
包寒吴霜, 陈俊霖, 林俊利, 刘力. (2016). 名字与性别的人际吸引机制:性别角色评价的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 24(4),596-600. | |
[3] | Benson,A.J., Azizi,E., Evans,M.B. Eys,M. A.,& Bray,S.R. (2019). How innuendo shapes impressions of task and intimacy groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85,1038-1054. |
[4] |
Bosak,J., Eagly,A.H., Diekman,A.B., & Sczesny,S. (2018). Women and men of the past, present, and future: Evidence of dynamic gender stereotypes in Ghana. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(1),115-129.
doi: 10.1177/0022022117738750 URL |
[5] |
Bosak,J., Kulich,C., Rudman,L., & Kinahan,M. (2018). Be an advocate for others, unless you are a man: Backlash against gender-atypical male job candidates. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 19(1),156-165.
doi: 10.1037/men0000085 URL |
[6] |
Carrier,A., Dompnier,B., & Yzerbyt,V. (2019). Of nice and mean: The personal relevance of others’ competence drives perceptions of warmth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(11),1549-1562.
doi: 10.1177/0146167219835213 URL pmid: 30885051 |
[7] | Clough,P.D., Bates,J., & Otterbacher,J. (2017). Competent men and warm women: Gender stereotypes and backlash in image search results. Computer and Human Interaction, 5,6620-6631. |
[8] |
Coffey,B., & Mclaughlin,P.A. (2009). Do masculine names help female lawyers become judges? Evidence from south carolina. American Law and Economics Review, 11(1),112-133.
doi: 10.1093/aler/ahp008 URL |
[9] | Coffey,B., & Mclaughlin,P.A. (2016). The effect on lawyers income of gender information contained in first names. Review of Law and Economics, 12(1),57-76. |
[10] |
Cotton,J.L., O'neill,B. S.,& Griffin,A. (2008). The “name game”: Affective and hiring reactions to first names. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1),18-39.
doi: 10.1108/02683940810849648 URL |
[11] |
Croft,A., Schmader,T., & Block,K. (2015). An underexamined inequality: Cultural and psychological barriers to men’s engagement with communal roles. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(4),343-370.
doi: 10.1177/1088868314564789 URL pmid: 25576312 |
[12] |
Deaux,K., & Major,B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior. Psychological review, 94(3),369-389.
doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.369 URL |
[13] |
Duffy,J.C., & Ridinger,B. (1981). Stereotyped connotations of masculine and feminine names. Sex Roles, 7(1),25-33.
doi: 10.1007/BF00290895 URL |
[14] | Eagly,A.H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior. A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. |
[15] |
Eagly,A.H., Nater,C., Miller,D.I., Kaufmann,M., & Sczesny,S. (2020). Gender stereotypes have changed: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018. American Psychologist, 75(3),301-315.
doi: 10.1037/amp0000494 URL |
[16] |
Ellemers,N. (2018). Gender stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology, 69(1),275-298.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011719 URL |
[17] | Etaugh,C., & Geraghty,C. (2018). Both gender and cohort affect perceptions of forenames, but are 25-year-old standards still valid? Sex Roles, 79(11-12),726-737. |
[18] |
Fiske,S.T. (2018). Stereotype content: Warmth and competence endure. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(2),67-73.
doi: 10.1177/0963721417738825 URL pmid: 29755213 |
[19] |
Fiske,S.T., Cuddy,A.J. C., Glick,P., & Xu,J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6),878-902.
URL pmid: 12051578 |
[20] |
Fox,E, Russo,R, & Dutton,K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3),355-379.
doi: 10.1080/02699930143000527 URL pmid: 18273395 |
[21] |
Glick,P., & Fiske,S.T. (2011). Ambivalent sexism revisited. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3),530-535.
doi: 10.1177/0361684311414832 URL pmid: 24453402 |
[22] | Guo,F., Ren,X.P.,& Su,H. (2020). The impact of gender orientation of names on the female applicants' interview opportunity. Human Resources Development of China, 37(5),46-58. |
郭凤, 任孝鹏, 苏红. (2020). 不同性别定向的名字对女性获得面试机会的影响. 中国人力资源开发, 37(5),46-58. | |
[23] | Han,Y., Qiu,J., & Zhang,Q.L. (2008). Conflict effect of gender-stereotypical names and pronouns. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 30(10),164-168. |
韩燕, 邱江, 张庆林. (2008). 性别刻板化人名推测判断中的冲突效应. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 30(10),164-168. | |
[24] |
Hansen,K., Rakić,T., & Steffens,M.C. (2017). Competent and warm? Experimental Psychology, 64(1),27-36.
doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000348 URL pmid: 28219258 |
[25] |
Karniol,R., Artzi,S., & Ludmer,M. (2016). Children’s production of subject-verb agreement in Hebrew when gender and context are ambiguous. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 45(6),1515-1532.
pmid: 26911992 |
[26] |
Kervyn,N., Bergsieker,H.B., & Fiske,S.T. (2012). The innuendo effect: Hearing the positive but inferring the negative. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1),77-85.
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.08.001 URL |
[27] | Li,Z.X., Zhao,K.B., & Pan,W.J. (2017). The first survey to folk imagination of emperor face in Confucianism. Journal of Psychological Science, 40(3),547-552. |
李朝旭, 赵凯宾, 潘文静. (2017). 基于儒家文化的“帝王相”之民间意象的首次探索. 心理科学, 40(3),547-552. | |
[28] |
Lindsay,J.M., & Dempsey,D. (2017). First names and social distinction: Middle-class naming practices in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 53(3),577-591.
doi: 10.1177/1440783317690925 URL |
[29] | Liu,X., & Zuo,B. (2006). Psychological mechanism of maintaining gender stereotypes. Advances in Psychological Science, 14(03),456-461. |
刘晅, 佐斌. (2006). 性别刻板印象维护的心理机制. 心理科学进展, 14(03),456-461. | |
[30] |
Mccroskey,J.C., & Mccain,T.A. (1974). The measurement of interpersonal attraction. Speech Monographs, 41(3),261-266.
doi: 10.1080/03637757409375845 URL |
[31] |
Mehrabian,A. (2001). Characteristics attributed to individuals on the basis of their first names. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 127(1),59-88.
URL pmid: 11352229 |
[32] |
Montoya,A.K., & Hayes,A.F. (2017). Two-condition within-participant statistical mediation analysis: A path-analytic framework. Psychological Methods, 22(1),6-27.
doi: 10.1037/met0000086 pmid: 27362267 |
[33] |
Moss‐Racusin,C.A., & Johnson,E.R. (2016). Backlash against male elementary educators. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(7),379-393.
doi: 10.1111/jasp.12366 URL |
[34] |
Nett,T., Dorrough,A., Jekel,M., & Glöckner,A. (2020). Perceived biological and social characteristics of a representative set of German first names. Social Psychology, 51(1),17-34.
doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000383 URL |
[35] |
Newman,L.S., Tan, M., Caldwell, T.L., Duff, K. J.,& Winer, E.S.(2018). Name norms: A guide to casting your next experiment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(10),1435-1448.
doi: 10.1177/0146167218769858 URL pmid: 29739295 |
[36] |
Pilcher,J. (2016). Names, bodies and identities. Sociology, 50(4),764-779.
doi: 10.1177/0038038515582157 URL |
[37] |
Prentice,D.A., & Carranza,E. (2002). What women and men should be, shouldn't be, are allowed to be, and don't have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4),269-281.
doi: 10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066 URL |
[38] | Rudman,L.A., Moss-Racusin,C.A., Phelan,J.E., & Nauts,S. (2012). Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. bJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(1),165-179. |
[39] |
Smith,F.I., Tabak,F., Showail,S., Parks,J.M., & Kleist,J.S. (2005). The name game: Employability evaluations of prototypical applicants with stereotypical feminine and masculine first names. Sex Roles, 52(1),63-82.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-1194-7 URL |
[40] | Spence,J.T., & Sawin,L.L. (1985). Images of masculinity and femininity: A reconceptualization. In V. E. O'Leary, R.K. Unger, & B. S. Wallston (Eds.),Women, gender, and social psychology (pp. 35-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. |
[41] |
Su,H., & Ren,X.P. (2015). Psychological impact of first names: Individual level and group level evidence. Advances in Psychological Science, 23(5),879-887.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00879 URL |
苏红, 任孝鹏. (2015). 名字的心理效应:来自个体层面和群体层面的证据. 心理科学进展, 23(5),879-887.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00879 URL |
|
[42] | Vaidis,D., & Bran,A. (2018). Some prior considerations about dissonance to understand its reduction: Comment on McGrath (2017). Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(9). 10.1111/spc3.12411. |
[43] | Wang,D.F., & Cui,H. (2007). Development of Chinese sex role scale and relations between sex role and psychosocial adjustment. Journal of South west University (Social Sciences Edition), 33,1-9. |
王登峰, 崔红. (2007). 中国人性别角色量表的建构及其与心理社会适应的关系. 西南大学学报 (社会科学版), 33,1-9. | |
[44] | Wang,Y., & Wen,Z.L. (2018). The analyses of mediation effects based on two-condition within-participant design. Journal of Psychological Science, 41(5),1233-1239. |
王阳, 温忠麟. (2018). 基于两水平被试内设计的中介效应分析方法. 心理科学, 41(5),1233-1239. | |
[45] | Wen,F.F., & Zuo,B. (2012). The effects of transformed gender facial features on face preference of college students: Based on the test of computer graphics and eye movement tracks. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 44(1),14-29. |
温芳芳, 佐斌. (2012). 男性化与女性化对面孔偏好的影响——基于图像处理技术和眼动的检验. 心理学报, 44(1),14-29. | |
[46] |
Wojciszke,B., Bazinska,R., & Jaworski,M. (1998). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(12),1251-1263.
doi: 10.1177/01461672982412001 URL |
[47] | Xin,Z.Y. Du,X.P.,& Sha,L. (2015). The influence of trustees’ name recognizability on their trustworthiness. Journal of Psychological Science, 38(6),1438-1444. |
辛志勇, 杜晓鹏, 沙璐. (2015). 名字易识认性对被信任者的可信性的影响. 心理科学, 38(6),1438-1444. | |
[48] | Yang,T., & Ren,X.P. (2016). The impact of gender orientation of names on female mate preferences. Journal of Psychological Science, 39(5),1190-1196. |
杨婷, 任孝鹏. (2016). 不同性别定向的名字对女性择偶偏好的影响. 心理科学, 39(5),1190-1196. | |
[49] | Zhang,J.J., Liu, H.Y.,& Ye, Q.Y.(2006). The influence of names on perceptions of physical attractiveness. Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(2),127-134. |
张积家, 刘红艳, 叶倩仪. (2006). 名字对个体吸引力的影响. 应用心理学, 12(2),127-134. | |
[50] | Zuo,B., Dai,T.T., Wen, F.F., & Suo Y.X.(2015). The big two model in social cognition. Journal of Psychological Science, 38(4),1019-1023. |
佐斌, 代涛涛, 温芳芳, 索玉贤. (2015). 社会认知内容的“大二”模型. 心理科学, 38(4),1019-1023. | |
[51] |
Zuo,B., Dai,T.T., Wen, F. F.,& Teng T. T.(2014). The relationship between warmth and competence in social cognition. Advances in Psychological Science, 22(9),1467-1474.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.01467 URL |
佐斌, 代涛涛, 温芳芳, 滕婷婷.(2014). 热情与能力的关系及其影响因素. 心理科学进展, 22(9),1467-1474.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.01467 URL |
[1] | 祝孝亮, 赵鑫. 执行功能在不同年级儿童数学能力中的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2023, 55(5): 696-710. |
[2] | 邱天, 江南, 陆静怡. 切忌班门弄斧?低估在评价者擅长领域展现能力的好处[J]. 心理学报, 2023, 55(5): 766-780. |
[3] | 蒋旭婷, 吴小玥, 范雪灵, 贺伟. 员工愤怒表达对领导力涌现的影响:温暖和能力感知的中介作用以及愤怒道歉的弥补作用[J]. 心理学报, 2023, 55(5): 812-830. |
[4] | 王辉, 王颖, 季晓得, 纪铭. 辩证领导行为及其对企业创新能力和绩效的影响: 一项基于中国传统文化的领导行为探究[J]. 心理学报, 2023, 55(3): 374-389. |
[5] | 宋琪, 任琪琪, 陈扬, 任迎伟. 员工主动行为对同事关系的双刃剑效应:员工热情特质的调节作用[J]. 心理学报, 2023, 55(12): 2013-2034. |
[6] | 成童, 程南华, 王美芳, 王争艳. 学步期焦虑影响5岁幼儿创造力:一般认知和掌握动机的链式中介作用[J]. 心理学报, 2022, 54(7): 799-812. |
[7] | 王铭, 孙启武, 柳静, 任志洪, 江光荣. PTSD易感性人格特质、工作记忆能力和创伤期间认知加工对模拟创伤闪回的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2022, 54(2): 168-181. |
[8] | 刘怡婷, 范洁琼, 陈斌斌. 婚姻质量对父母协同养育的影响:基于共同命运模型的跨层中介分析[J]. 心理学报, 2022, 54(10): 1216-1233. |
[9] | 张妮, 刘文, 刘方, 郭鑫. 8~12岁儿童抑郁与认知重评的关系:悲伤面孔注意偏向的中介作用[J]. 心理学报, 2022, 54(1): 25-39. |
[10] | 佐斌, 戴月娥, 温芳芳, 高佳, 谢志杰, 何赛飞. 人如其食:食物性别刻板印象及对人物评价的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(3): 259-272. |
[11] | 尚雪松, 陈卓, 陆静怡. 帮忙失败后我会被差评吗?好心帮倒忙中的预测偏差[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(3): 291-305. |
[12] | 柯晓晓, 齐惠紫, 梁家辉, 金欣园, 高婕, 张明霞, 汪亚珉. 中国人整体性思维特征的情境评估法及其应用[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(12): 1299-1309. |
[13] | 卢海陵, 杨洋, 王永丽, 张昕, 谭玲. “激将法”会激发还是打击员工?感知能力不被领导信任的“双刃剑”效应[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(12): 1376-1392. |
[14] | 李树文, 罗瑾琏. 领导-下属情绪评价能力一致与员工建言:内部人身份感知与性别相似性的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(9): 1121-1131. |
[15] | 吴翰林, 于宙, 王雪娇, 张清芳. 语言能力的老化机制:语言特异性与非特异性因素的共同作用[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(5): 541-561. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||