婚姻质量对父母协同养育的影响：基于共同命运模型的跨层中介分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.01216

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共同命运模型(common fate model, CFM)是在家庭或二元层面研究中值得信赖的模型, 其更好地解释了亲密关系内在的相互依赖性。本研究基于共同命运模型探讨了家庭整体婚姻质量对父母协同养育程度的影响, 以及教养能力感在两者间的跨层中介作用。采用问卷法分层整群抽取上海市幼儿园中孩子(平均年龄5.14岁, 年龄范围4~7岁)的父亲与母亲参与调研, 分两个时间段(T1, T2; 间隔1年)收集数据, 最终得到650个家庭的父亲、母亲的婚姻满意度问卷(T1), 教养能力感问卷(T2)和协同养育感知问卷(T2)数据进行分析。结果发现: (1)基于共同命运模型, 家庭层面的婚姻质量正向预测家庭层面的支持性协同养育, 并负向预测家庭层面的破坏性协同养育; (2)家庭层面的婚姻质量正向预测父母各自的教养能力感; (3)父母各自的教养能力感正向预测家庭层面的支持性协同养育, 并负向预测家庭层面的破坏性协同养育; (4)父母个人层面的教养能力感在家庭层面的婚姻质量与家庭层面的支持性协同养育和破坏性协同养育起中介作用。总之, 本研究基于追踪数据运用共同命运模型, 并结合家庭层面(婚姻质量和协同养育)和个人层面(教养能力感)探讨了教养能力感在婚姻质量与父母协同养育间的跨层中介效应, 为营造良好的家庭环境提供一定的理论支持与指导意见, 并进一步促进了共同命运模型发展。

关键词: 婚姻质量, 支持性协同养育, 破坏性协同养育, 教养能力感, 共同命运模型

Abstract:

Bronfenbrenner’s ecosystem theory suggests that the different experiences of family members jointly shape the ecological environment and atmosphere of the family, and there may be interdependences between two parents in a family. Previous literature aimed to solve research questions at the family or dyadic level, but their analyses were mainly conducted at the individual level. To solve this issue, we adopted the common fate model (CFM), which better explains the interdependence in intimate relationships at the family or dyadic level. The common fate variable is modeled as a potential variable with two indicators. Based on the common fate model, this study explored the effect of family marital quality on the coparenting and the cross-level mediating role of the parenting sense of competence between couples. Questionnaire data were collected from 650 families including both fathers and mothers whose children (ranging from 4 to 7 years old) are in Shanghai kindergartens by using stratified cluster sampling. The results indicated that: (1) marital quality positively predicted supportive coparenting and negatively predicted undermining coparenting within a family; (2) family marital quality positively predicted each parent’s parenting sense of competence; (3) each parent's parenting sense of competence positively predicted supportive coparenting and negatively predicted undermining coparenting; (4) each parent’s parenting sense of competence mediated the relationship between family marital quality and supportive and undermining coparenting. Higher marital quality in the family helped to increase each parent's parenting sense of competence, which in turn increased supportive coparenting and decreased undermining coparenting.

This study explored the cross-level mediating effect of parenting sense of competence between marital quality and parental coparenting using the common fate model in a longitudinal study. It combined the family level (marital quality and coparenting) and the individual level (parenting sense of competence), providing theoretical support and guidance for creating a good family environment and further promoting the development of the common fate model. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first application of the common fate model in the study of Chinese families. The findings may have practical implications on the wellbeing of Chinese families.

Key words: marital quality, supportive coparenting, undermining coparenting, parenting sense of competence, the common fate model

中图分类号:

B844

刘怡婷, 范洁琼, 陈斌斌. (2022). 婚姻质量对父母协同养育的影响：基于共同命运模型的跨层中介分析. 心理学报, 54(10), 1216-1233.

LIU Yiting, FAN Jieqiong, CHEN Bin-Bin. (2022). The effects of marital quality on coparenting: A cross-level mediation analysis based on the common fate model. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(10), 1216-1233.

图/表 7

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变量	人数	百分比(%)	变量	人数	百分比(%)
孩子性别			孩子妈妈的每周工作时间
男	308	47.4	少于20小时	80	12.3
女	342	52.6	20~39小时	95	14.6
是否与祖辈同住?			40~49小时	395	60.8
是	375	57.7	50~59小时	54	8.3
否	275	42.3	60小时以上	23	3.5
孩子爸爸的文化程度			缺失作答	3	0.5
小学及以下	3	0.5	家庭平均月收入
初中	15	2.3	2000元及以下	5	0.8
中等职业/技术/师范学校及以下	22	3.4	2001~5000元	11	1.7
普通高中	26	4.0	5001~8000元	18	2.8
大专	116	17.8	8001~10000元	30	4.6
本科	323	49.7	10001~15000元	87	13.4
硕士	129	19.8	15001~20000元	117	18.0
博士	16	2.5	20001~50000元	279	42.9
孩子妈妈的文化程度			50001~80000元	66	10.2
小学及以下	2	0.3	80001~100000元	16	2.5
初中	12	1.8	100001元以上	21	3.2
中等职业/技术/师范学校	18	2.8	家中孩子数量
普通高中	33	5.1	1个	447	68.8
大专	143	22.0	2个及以上	169	26.0
本科	356	54.8	缺失作答	34	5.2
硕士	76	11.7	参与本研究孩子在家中排行
博士	10	1.5	第一	532	80.5
孩子爸爸的每周工作时间			第二	92	14.2
少于20小时	17	2.6	第三	1	0.2
20~39小时	70	10.8	缺失作答	34	5.2
40~49小时	375	57.7
50~59小时	126	19.4
60小时以上	61	9.4
缺失作答	1	0.2

变量	人数	百分比(%)	变量	人数	百分比(%)
孩子性别			孩子妈妈的每周工作时间
男	308	47.4	少于20小时	80	12.3
女	342	52.6	20~39小时	95	14.6
是否与祖辈同住?			40~49小时	395	60.8
是	375	57.7	50~59小时	54	8.3
否	275	42.3	60小时以上	23	3.5
孩子爸爸的文化程度			缺失作答	3	0.5
小学及以下	3	0.5	家庭平均月收入
初中	15	2.3	2000元及以下	5	0.8
中等职业/技术/师范学校及以下	22	3.4	2001~5000元	11	1.7
普通高中	26	4.0	5001~8000元	18	2.8
大专	116	17.8	8001~10000元	30	4.6
本科	323	49.7	10001~15000元	87	13.4
硕士	129	19.8	15001~20000元	117	18.0
博士	16	2.5	20001~50000元	279	42.9
孩子妈妈的文化程度			50001~80000元	66	10.2
小学及以下	2	0.3	80001~100000元	16	2.5
初中	12	1.8	100001元以上	21	3.2
中等职业/技术/师范学校	18	2.8	家中孩子数量
普通高中	33	5.1	1个	447	68.8
大专	143	22.0	2个及以上	169	26.0
本科	356	54.8	缺失作答	34	5.2
硕士	76	11.7	参与本研究孩子在家中排行
博士	10	1.5	第一	532	80.5
孩子爸爸的每周工作时间			第二	92	14.2
少于20小时	17	2.6	第三	1	0.2
20~39小时	70	10.8	缺失作答	34	5.2
40~49小时	375	57.7
50~59小时	126	19.4
60小时以上	61	9.4
缺失作答	1	0.2

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1．父亲婚姻质量T1	-
2．母亲婚姻质量T1	0.71^***	-
3．父亲支持性协同养育T2	0.41^***	0.32^***	-
4．母亲支持性协同养育T2	0.30^***	0.41^***	0.61^***	-
5．父亲破坏性协同养育T2	-0.36^***	-0.32^***	-0.57^***	-0.35^***	-
6．母亲破坏性协同养育T2	-0.33^***	-0.41^***	-0.40^***	-0.59^***	0.57^***	-
7．父亲教养能力感T2	0.22^***	0.25^***	0.36^***	0.31^***	-0.37^***	-0.26^***	-
8．母亲教养能力感T2	0.20^***	0.31^***	0.27^***	0.36^***	-0.22^***	-0.37^***	0.45^***	-
M	4.00	3.94	3.69	4.00	2.16	2.12	4.18	4.24
SD	0.69	0.70	0.61	0.62	0.64	0.60	0.58	0.59

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1．父亲婚姻质量T1	-
2．母亲婚姻质量T1	0.71^***	-
3．父亲支持性协同养育T2	0.41^***	0.32^***	-
4．母亲支持性协同养育T2	0.30^***	0.41^***	0.61^***	-
5．父亲破坏性协同养育T2	-0.36^***	-0.32^***	-0.57^***	-0.35^***	-
6．母亲破坏性协同养育T2	-0.33^***	-0.41^***	-0.40^***	-0.59^***	0.57^***	-
7．父亲教养能力感T2	0.22^***	0.25^***	0.36^***	0.31^***	-0.37^***	-0.26^***	-
8．母亲教养能力感T2	0.20^***	0.31^***	0.27^***	0.36^***	-0.22^***	-0.37^***	0.45^***	-
M	4.00	3.94	3.69	4.00	2.16	2.12	4.18	4.24
SD	0.69	0.70	0.61	0.62	0.64	0.60	0.58	0.59