友谊质量与青少年直觉进食：链式中介模型及性别差异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00485

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于积极心理学, 采用友谊质量量表、自我怜悯量表、身体欣赏量表和直觉进食量表, 对2438名初中生进行调查, 并运用结构方程模型探讨友谊质量与青少年直觉进食的关系、作用机制及其性别差异。结果表明：(1)友谊质量与直觉进食呈显著正相关; (2)自我怜悯和积极身体意象在友谊质量与直觉进食间起中介作用, 且该中介作用包含三条路径：自我怜悯的单独中介作用、积极身体意象的单独中介作用以及自我怜悯-积极身体意象的链式中介作用; (3)中介效应性别差异仅出现在友谊质量与直觉进食(分维度)的关系中, 即“无条件地允许进食”和“进食不受情绪影响”两个维度。研究结果为促进青少年形成积极身体意象、健康饮食行为提供了参考建议和干预指导。

关键词: 友谊质量, 自我怜悯, 积极身体意象, 直觉进食, 性别差异, 青少年

Abstract:

The majority of research on eating behaviors has been limited to an almost exclusive focus on pathology and is centered on the female group. Recently, one form of adaptive eating that has gained recognition is “intuitive eating”, which is defined as eating according to internal physiological cues of hunger and satiety rather than external or emotional signals. That is, individuals who eat intuitively are not preoccupied by food and dieting. They often choose food that helps their bodies function well and is pleasing to their palate. They do not ignore hunger cues or classify food into acceptable or unacceptable categories. Therefore, intuitive eating was found to be linked with greater unconditional self-regard and body satisfaction, as well as lower levels of both depression and disordered eating. Adolescence, in particular, acts as a critical period in the development of eating attitudes and behaviors. Adolescents devote a great deal of attention to physical appearance, and are inclined to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors to reduce an unsatisfactory body image; this has a negative impact on their physical and mental health. Due to these circumstances, it is essential to identify the key factors influencing adolescents’ healthy eating behaviors. Using the perspectives of attachment theory and the acceptance model of intuitive eating, this study aimed to investigate the effect of friendship quality on intuitive eating among Chinese adolescents, and the potential mediating role of self-compassion and positive body image on this association, as well as explore a possible gender difference. This research not only provides suggestions for parents and educators to increase adolescents’ intuitive eating, but it also identifies significant factors that influence intuitive eating in order to foster relevant practical prevention strategies and interventions.

Participants were 2438 students (M = 13.14 years, SD = 1.08) recruited from three middle schools (Grades 7 to 9) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. There were 1162 girls (47.7%) and 1276 boys (52.3%). They completed a set of self-report measures on friendship quality, self-compassion, positive body image, and intuitive eating. All the measures have acceptable reliability and validity.

The results indicated that after controlling for age, gender, and body mass index, friendship quality was positively associated with intuitive eating. Self-compassion and positive body image mediated this association, which contained three significant mediating pathways: the separate mediating effects of (a) self-compassion and (b) positive body image, and the serial mediating effect of (c) self-compassion and positive body image. In addition, significant differences in mediating effects per gender were only found in the relationship between friendship quality and the dimensions of intuitive eating (“unconditional permission to eat” and “eating for physical rather than emotional reasons”).

Our findings highlight the relevance of friendship quality, self-compassion, and positive body image in the understanding of adolescents’ intuitive eating. This study suggests that parents should create a warm and friendly family atmosphere which will contribute to adolescents’ peer relationships and friendships. Educators should direct students to be compassionate toward their own shortcomings and failures to improve levels of body appreciation and body satisfaction. These factors will play important roles in promoting intuitive eating. Moreover, future interventions for intuitive eating should be designed to increase adolescents’ self-compassion and positive body image through effective intervention approaches and measures.

Key words: friendship quality, self-compassion, positive body image, intuitive eating, gender difference, adolescents

中图分类号:

B844

陈曦梅, 罗一君, 陈红. (2020). 友谊质量与青少年直觉进食：链式中介模型及性别差异. 心理学报, 52(4), 485-496.

CHEN Ximei, LUO Yijun, CHEN Hong. (2020). Friendship quality and adolescents’ intuitive eating: A serial mediation model and the gender difference. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(4), 485-496.

图/表 5

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变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. 性别	—	—	—
2. 年龄	13.14	1.08	-0.05^*	—
3. 身体质量指数	18.23	2.90	-0.12^***	0.11^***	—
4. 友谊质量	54.61	8.11	0.19^***	-0.08^***	-0.06^**	—
5. 自我怜悯	38.39	7.00	-0.09^***	-0.08^***	-0.05^*	0.31^***	—
6. 积极身体意象	39.13	7.73	-0.09^***	-0.05^*	-0.08^***	0.43^***	0.43^***	—
7. 直觉进食	55.38	7.97	-0.13^***	-0.03	-0.02	0.10^***	0.21^***	0.16^***

变量	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. 性别	—	—	—
2. 年龄	13.14	1.08	-0.05^*	—
3. 身体质量指数	18.23	2.90	-0.12^***	0.11^***	—
4. 友谊质量	54.61	8.11	0.19^***	-0.08^***	-0.06^**	—
5. 自我怜悯	38.39	7.00	-0.09^***	-0.08^***	-0.05^*	0.31^***	—
6. 积极身体意象	39.13	7.73	-0.09^***	-0.05^*	-0.08^***	0.43^***	0.43^***	—
7. 直觉进食	55.38	7.97	-0.13^***	-0.03	-0.02	0.10^***	0.21^***	0.16^***

Model	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
友谊质量
M1形态等值	1.43	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.04
M2负荷等值	1.40	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.04
M3尺度等值	1.48	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.06
自我怜悯
M1形态等值	1.45	0.96	0.94	0.05	0.07
M2负荷等值	1.39	0.96	0.94	0.04	0.07
M3尺度等值	1.40	0.95	0.94	0.04	0.08
积极身体意象
M1形态等值	1.62	0.97	0.96	0.06	0.04
M2负荷等值	1.50	0.98	0.97	0.05	0.05
M3尺度等值	1.58	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.05
直觉进食
M1形态等值	1.82	0.94	0.90	0.06	0.08
M2负荷等值	1.73	0.94	0.90	0.06	0.08
M3尺度等值	1.79	0.93	0.90	0.06	0.08

Model	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
友谊质量
M1形态等值	1.43	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.04
M2负荷等值	1.40	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.04
M3尺度等值	1.48	0.96	0.95	0.05	0.06
自我怜悯
M1形态等值	1.45	0.96	0.94	0.05	0.07
M2负荷等值	1.39	0.96	0.94	0.04	0.07
M3尺度等值	1.40	0.95	0.94	0.04	0.08
积极身体意象
M1形态等值	1.62	0.97	0.96	0.06	0.04
M2负荷等值	1.50	0.98	0.97	0.05	0.05
M3尺度等值	1.58	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.05
直觉进食
M1形态等值	1.82	0.94	0.90	0.06	0.08
M2负荷等值	1.73	0.94	0.90	0.06	0.08
M3尺度等值	1.79	0.93	0.90	0.06	0.08

Model	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
男生
无条件地允许进食模型(维度1)	4.21	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.03
进食不受情绪影响模型(维度2)	3.91	0.98	0.96	0.05	0.03
关注内部生理线索模型(维度3)	4.14	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.03
相信内部生理线索模型(维度4)	4.36	0.97	0.96	0.05	0.03
女生
无条件地允许进食模型(维度1)	5.57	0.96	0.94	0.06	0.03
进食不受情绪影响模型(维度2)	5.47	0.96	0.94	0.06	0.03
关注内部生理线索模型(维度3)	5.76	0.96	0.94	0.06	0.03
相信内部生理线索模型(维度4)	5.96	0.96	0.94	0.07	0.03