ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 1995, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 302-307.

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青年人和老年人的元记忆与记忆能力关系的比较研究

吴振云;孙长华;吴志平;许淑莲   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所
  • 发布日期:1995-09-25 出版日期:1995-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 吴振云

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METAMEMORY AND MEMORY OF YOUNG AND OLD ADULTS

Wu Zhenyun;Sun Changhua;Wu Zhiping;Xu Shulian(Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijng,100012)   

  • Online:1995-09-25 Published:1995-09-25

摘要： 采用自编“元记忆简短问卷”和“成人元记忆问卷”，对９０例被试（分为青年、老年和老老年组）进行元记忆及其与记忆关系的比较研究。结果表明：（１）预测记词对数和记图数随增龄而减少，年龄差异明显。评估准确性未显示年龄差异。训练后，预测成绩明显提高，但评估准确性未见提高。测后自评与预测情况相似，但其准确性高于预测，元记忆可能通过记忆过程而有提高；（２）自信程度和使用方法数均随增龄而减少，可能这是影响记忆成绩的重要因素；（３）联想学习和图象自由回忆成绩均与“元记忆简短问卷”和“成人元记忆问卷”的各项自评有不同程度的相关，表明元记忆与记忆关系密切。

关键词: 元记忆, 毕生发展, 监控, 策略

Abstract: This study investigated on metamemory of 90 subjects using short Form Metamemory Inventory and MIA.The subjects were divided into young,old and old-old groups.The results showed that:1.The numbers of memory prediction of paired-association words and figures decreased with age.The age differences in memory prediction were significant.There was no age difference in accuracy of evaluation.After training,the predicted performance improved significantly,while the accuracy of evaluation didn't increase.The post-estimation was similar to prediction.The accuracy of evaluation in them was higher than that in prediction.It suggested that metamemory might be improved through memory process.2.The degree of self-confidence and the numbers of applying strategy decreased with age.They might be important factors influencing memory.3.The performance of Additional Paired-Association Learning and Figural Free Recall were correlated to most of the items in self-estimation of Short Form Metamemory Inventory and MIA in different degrees.It indicated that metamemory was significantly correlated to memory.

Key words: metamemory, life-span development, monitoring, strategy