自我意识情绪影响时距知觉的潜在机制：唤醒度和注意网络的中介作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1459

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自我意识情绪影响时距知觉及其潜在机制仍然是一个尚未解决的科学问题。虽然目前研究探讨过部分自我意识情绪对时距知觉的影响模式, 并结合文献推断过其潜在机制, 但是从未系统直接探讨过自我意识情绪对时距知觉的影响的潜在机制。基于此, 本研究设计两个实验。实验1旨在采用回忆/想象和情境模拟相结合的范式诱发自我意识情绪, 同时进一步探讨4种典型自我意识情绪——尴尬、内疚、自豪和羞耻对时距知觉的影响。实验2在注意阀门模型和注意网络模型框架内进一步探索唤醒和注意在自我意识情绪影响时距知觉之间的潜在机制。结果发现：与中性情绪相比, 自豪和羞耻导致低估时距, 而内疚和尴尬没有导致时距偏估。羞耻通过影响唤醒和注意网络(警觉、定向及执行控制)的间接效应进一步导致时距低估, 而自豪除了通过唤醒和注意网络的间接效应之外, 还通过直接效应共同导致时距低估。这一结果意味着自豪和羞耻情绪影响时距知觉的可能存在两条关键路径：一条是由唤醒和注意网络共同介导的、两种情绪所共有的路径, 以及另一条是由自豪直接影响时距知觉的所特有的路径, 这为进一步理解自我意识情绪影响时距知觉及唤醒和注意在其中的作用机制提供重要证据。

关键词: 时距知觉, 尴尬, 内疚, 自豪, 羞耻, 唤醒度, 注意网络

Abstract: The impact of self-conscious emotions on time perception and its underlying mechanisms remains an unresolved scientific question. Although existing research has explored the impact patterns of certain self-conscious emotions on time perception and inferred their underlying mechanisms based on literature, there has never been a systematic and direct exploration of the potential mechanisms underlying the influence of self-conscious emotions on time perception.
To address this, the current study designed two experiments. Experiment 1 aimed to induce four self-conscious emotions—embarrassment, guilt, pride, and shame—using a combined paradigm of recall/imagery and situational simulation. At the same time, the influence of four types of self-conscious emotions on time perception was also explored in experiment1. A total of 225 college students were randomly recruited from a university (after excluding dropouts, 203 participants remained) and assigned to five groups (embarrassment induction, guilt induction, pride induction, shame induction, and neutral group). All participants volunteered and provided informed consent before the experiment, with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the first author’s university. A pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The independent variable was the emotion group (embarrassment, guilt, pride, shame, and neutral), and the dependent variables were the induced emotion type, and intensity. Results showed that the combined recall/imagery and situational simulation paradigm successfully induced the target self-conscious emotions. A total of 188 participants met the sample size requirements. All participants volunteered, provided informed consent, and received compensation. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the first author's university. The experiment employed a 5 (emotion type: embarrassment, guilt, pride, shame, neutral) × 7 (probe duration: 400 ms, 600 ms, 800 ms, 1000 ms, 1200 ms, 1400 ms, 1600 ms) mixed design, with emotion type as a between-subjects variable and probe duration as a within-subjects variable. The dependent variables were the proportions of "long" responses [P (long)], the point of subjective equivalence (PSE), and the Weber coefficient (WR). Results revealed that, based on P (long) and PSE, pride and shame led to time underestimation.
Experiment 2 further explored the potential mechanisms of arousal and attention networks in the influence of self-conscious emotions on time perception within the framework of the pacemaker-accumulator model. A total of 134 participants met the sample size requirements. All participants volunteered, provided informed consent, and received compensation. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the first author's university. The experiment employed a 3 (emotion induction group: pride, shame, neutral) × 7 (probe duration: 400 ms, 600 ms, 800 ms, 1000 ms, 1200 ms, 1400 ms, 1600 ms) mixed design, with emotion induction as a between-subjects variable and probe duration as a within-subjects variable. The dependent variables were P (long), PSE, and WR. Results showed that, compared to neutral emotion, pride and shame led to time underestimation, whereas guilt and embarrassment did not distort time perception. Pride influenced time underestimation via arousal, while shame affected time underestimation through both arousal and attentional networks. These findings suggest two key pathways through which pride and shame influence time perception: one pathway is jointly mediated by the arousal and attention networks, with differences in their intensities of effect, and is shared by both emotions; the other pathway is unique to the emotion of pride and directly influences the perception of time duration. This provides critical evidence for understanding how self-conscious emotions affect time perception and the roles of arousal and attention networks in these mechanisms.

Key words: time perception, embarrassment, guilt, pride, shame, arousal, attention network

尹华站, 吴德华, 贺荣华. (2026). 自我意识情绪影响时距知觉的潜在机制：唤醒度和注意网络的中介作用. 心理学报, 58(8), 1459-1475.

YIN Huazhan, WU Dehua, HE Ronghua. (2026). The potential mechanisms of self-conscious emotions influencing time perception: The mediating roles of arousal and attention networks. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(8), 1459-1475.

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