ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 992-1006.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00992 cstr: 32110.14.2019.00992

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响：自我控制的作用

范伟1, 任梦梦1, 肖俊泽1, 简增郸1, 杜晓明1, 傅小兰2,3()   

  1. 1. 湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理系, 认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410082
    2. 中国科学院心理研究所, 脑与认知科学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101
    3. 中国科学院大学心理系, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-25 发布日期:2019-07-24 出版日期:2019-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 傅小兰, E-mail: fuxl@psych.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    * 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0822501);中国国家自然科学基金国际地区合作与交流项目(NSFC61621136008/DFG TRR-169);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671134);湖南省社会科学基金(18YBQ095);湖南省自然科学基金(2018JJ3341, 2018JJ2254);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(17C1013)

The influence of shame on deceptive behavior: The role of self-control

FAN Wei1, REN Mengmeng1, XIAO Junze1, JIAN Zengdan1, DU Xiaoming1, FU Xiaolan2,3()   

  1. 1. Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China
    3. Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China
  • Received:2018-09-25 Online:2019-07-24 Published:2019-08-21

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摘要：

本文通过4个实验考察羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响, 并进一步探讨这一影响存在的条件及其机制。实验1考察羞耻情绪对欺骗的影响, 结果发现羞耻组的欺骗行为和欺骗倾向显著低于控制组。实验2将羞耻分为道德失范和能力不足两种情景, 考察羞耻对欺骗产生影响的条件, 结果发现, 道德失范羞耻组的欺骗行为显著低于能力不足羞耻组和控制组。实验3a考察道德失范所引发的羞耻对自我控制资源的影响, 结果发现, 羞耻情绪诱发组的自我控制任务成绩显著高于未诱发组。实验3b考察自我控制资源在羞耻情绪影响欺骗行为中的作用, 结果发现, 自我控制资源在羞耻情绪影响欺骗的过程中起完全中介作用。这些研究结果表明, 当个体的羞耻情绪由道德失范而诱发时, 会遏制其欺骗行为的产生; 羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响机制可能是: 感受到羞耻的个体, 为恢复和保护受损的道德自我, 通过调集更多自我控制资源的方法影响欺骗行为的出现。

关键词: 羞耻情绪, 自我控制资源, 欺骗行为, 影响机制, 中介作用

Abstract:

Shame, as a typical moral emotion, has an influence on individual behavior that is both complex and controversial. Previous studies have found that shame produces both an unpleasant experience and a moral emotion that encourages individuals to produce positive behaviors. In recent years, Hooge’s research has proceeded from the perspective of motivation. He believes that, no matter how shame makes individuals perform, their motivation is to restore and protect the damaged self. Therefore, based on Hooge's theory, this research will examine this typical immoral behavior as an example to discuss the impact of shame upon it and its ways.

In this study, students from a university were randomly selected as participants, and the number of each experiment’s participants was arranged according to the experimental requirements. Questionnaires and behavioral experiments were used throughout the experiment, and the experimental procedures were completed in accordance with the regulations of each experiment. The requirements for each experiment were different and the procedures for conducting the experiment were different. The statistical methods of the study were also based on the requirements of each experiment.

Experiment 1 examines whether shame has an effect on deceptive behavior. Its results show that the number and tendency of deception in the shamed group were significantly lower than in the control group. To more fully explore the impact of shame on deceptive behavior in different contexts, Experiment 2 improved upon the deficiencies of Experiment 1 and divided shame situations into two types: moral anomie and lack of ability. It was found that the number of deceptions in the moral anomie shamed group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the number of deceptions in the lack of ability shamed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. To examine the specific methods and mechanisms of shame in affecting deception, we propose that shamed individuals increase their self-control resources and, thus, reduce the theory of fraud. Experiment 3a examined the impact of shame on self-control resources and found that the self-control resources of the shamed group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Experiment 3b explored the specific mechanisms of shame affecting deceptive behavior. It was found that self-control resources played a complete mediating role in the process of shame in affecting deception.

In summary, these findings suggest that shame can deter deception under certain conditions. The condition is that shame is caused by moral disorder rather than lack of ability; the mechanism of shame in affecting behavior may be: Individuals who feel shame will restore and protect the damaged moral self by mobilizing more self-control resources to influence behavior.

Key words: shame, self-control resources, deception, influence mechanism, mediating role

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