Abstract: Since the 90s of last century, studying the neural mechanisms of language processing from the cognitive neuroscience perspective has been a major trend in science. Cognitive Neuropsychology is a unique approach in which various types of selective language impairments due to brain damage are studied to uncover the functional architecture and processes of language, as well as the anatomical basis of such functions. This scientific approach has had great positive impacts on the clinical assessments and treatments of aphasia. Chinese has many special characteristics as a language. The research on Chinese aphasia will have important contribution to the development of theories about the human conceptual system and human language processing. It will also provide theoretical frameworks for the development of effective treatment plans for Chinese aphasic patients

Key words: language impairment,Cognitive Neuropsychology,assessment,therapy