人口统计学特征对公共服务动机有什么影响?来自元分析的证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01631

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用元分析方法探讨人口统计学特征与公共服务动机之间的关系。经筛选, 共纳入138篇492个独立样本(N = 1078442)。结果发现, 性别、年龄、教育程度、组织任期、工作任期、职位等级和收入与公共服务动机之间均呈显著的正相关关系, 且与公共服务动机不同维度之间的关系均存在差异, 婚姻状况与公共服务动机间不存在显著的相关关系。此外, 公共服务动机测量工具、测量时间点和文化背景对部分人口统计学特征与公共服务动机之间的关系有调节作用。研究结果为人口统计学特征如何影响公共服务动机提供了较为精确的估计, 对于发展公共服务动机理论, 激励员工工作积极性, 提高公共部门服务水平都有重要意义。

关键词: 公共服务动机, 人口统计学特征, 元分析, 公共服务动机测量工具, 文化背景

Abstract:

The method of meta-analysis was utilized to analyze the influence of demographic characteristics on public service motivation (PSM). 138 documents and 492 independent samples (N = 1078442) in total meet the criteria of meta-Analysis. Results showed that gender, age, education, organizational tenure, job tenure, position level and income were correlated with PSM positively. However, the linkages between demographic characteristics and PSM varies with dimensions of PSM, and there is no obvious correlation between marital status and PSM. In addition, the relationships between some demographic characteristics and PSM are moderated by PSM measurements, waves of data collection and cultural backgrounds. The results provided not only accurate estimates for how PSM is affected by demographic characteristics, but also insights for future research of PSM and management of public employees.

Key words: public service motivation, demographic characteristics, meta-analysis, PSM measurements, cultural difference

中图分类号:

B849:C91

胥彦, 李超平. (2020). 人口统计学特征对公共服务动机有什么影响?来自元分析的证据. 心理科学进展 , 28(10), 1631-1649.

XU Yan, LI Chaoping. (2020). The impact of demographic characteristics on public service motivation: Evidence from meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(10), 1631-1649.

图/表 5

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检验	性别	年龄	教育程度	组织任期	职位等级	收入	工作任期	婚姻状况
Egger's回归系数检验
intercept	-1.22	1.07	1.09	1.72	-3.51	-2.38	1.25	0.47
p	0.013	0.032	0.071	0.000	0.001	0.065	0.286	0.775
Begg秩相关检验
Z	-0.86	0.461	0.02	-1.02	-1.78	-0.19	-0.45	0.39
p	0.389	0.645	0.981	0.307	0.074	0.843	0.656	0.697

检验	性别	年龄	教育程度	组织任期	职位等级	收入	工作任期	婚姻状况
Egger's回归系数检验
intercept	-1.22	1.07	1.09	1.72	-3.51	-2.38	1.25	0.47
p	0.013	0.032	0.071	0.000	0.001	0.065	0.286	0.775
Begg秩相关检验
Z	-0.86	0.461	0.02	-1.02	-1.78	-0.19	-0.45	0.39
p	0.389	0.645	0.981	0.307	0.074	0.843	0.656	0.697

人口统计学特征变量	公共服务动机	k	N	r	ρ	SD	95% CI		80% CV		Q	I²
人口统计学特征变量	公共服务动机	k	N	r	ρ	SD	LL	UL	LL	UL	Q	I²
性别	PSM	125	266890	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.00	0.03	-0.1	0.13	2229.00***	94.44
	APM	27	64920	-0.06	-0.07	0.09	-0.10	-0.03	-0.18	0.05	538.06***	95.17
	CPI	25	68077	-0.01	-0.02	0.08	-0.05	0.02	-0.12	0.09	431.66***	94.44
	COM	28	57043	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.03	0.10	-0.05	0.18	461.17***	94.15
	SS	27	33032	-0.06	-0.06	0.06	-0.09	-0.04	-0.13	0.00	98.63***	73.64
年龄	PSM	109	215634	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.09	-0.05	0.20	1992.96***	94.58
	APM	30	67151	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.03	0.10	-0.05	0.18	559.88***	94.82
	CPI	26	66149	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.15	-0.02	0.25	699.53***	96.43
	COM	29	55115	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.15	-0.02	0.24	554.65***	94.95
	SS	29	31757	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.08	0.18	-0.04	0.30	570.77***	95.09
教育程度	PSM	92	293842	0.03	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.06	-0.07	0.15	2214.68***	95.89
	APM	20	42604	0.19	0.20	0.12	0.15	0.26	0.04	0.37	668.58***	97.16
	CPI	15	41657	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.17	0.00	0.24	341.91***	95.91
	COM	20	44050	0.05	0.06	0.10	0.01	0.10	-0.07	0.18	395.34***	95.19
	SS	20	20594	0.00	0.00	0.10	-0.04	0.05	-0.13	0.13	205.50***	90.75
婚姻状况	PSM	11	9824	0.04	0.04	0.08	-0.02	0.10	-0.07	0.15	64.10***	84.40
	APM	1	912	0.14	0.15	-	0.09	0.21	-	-	-	-
	CPI	1	912	0.44	0.48	-	0.43	0.53	-	-	-	-
	COM	1	912	0.32	0.35	-	0.29	0.41	-	-	-	-
	SS	1	912	0.43	0.47	-	0.42	0.52	-	-	-	-
组织任期	PSM	86	167955	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.00	0.04	-0.08	0.13	1145.03***	92.58
	APM	19	49723	0.00	0.00	0.06	-0.03	0.02	-0.08	0.07	156.92***	88.53
	CPI	18	49067	0.04	0.04	0.11	-0.01	0.10	-0.11	0.19	603.03***	97.18
	COM	18	36245	0.04	0.04	0.09	0.00	0.09	-0.07	0.15	256.22***	93.36
	SS	17	12696	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.08	0.25	-0.04	0.37	306.61***	94.78
工作任期	PSM	15	48822	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.07	-0.03	0.11	151.08***	90.73
	APM	3	4133	-0.02	-0.03	0.03	-0.09	0.03	-0.03	-0.03	1.79	-
	CPI	3	4133	0.08	0.09	0.04	-0.01	0.19	0.03	0.15	4.49	-
	COM	3	4133	0.05	0.06	0.08	-0.14	0.25	-0.08	0.20	17.23***	-
	SS	3	4133	0.08	0.09	0.01	0.07	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.26	-
职位等级	PSM	30	31515	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.18	0.00	0.29	404.73***	92.83
	APM	12	18082	0.12	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.19	0.02	0.25	139.83***	92.13
	CPI	12	18082	0.13	0.15	0.08	0.10	0.20	0.04	0.26	124.66***	91.18
	COM	12	19528	0.05	0.06	0.12	-0.02	0.13	-0.11	0.22	266.34***	95.87
	SS	13	19760	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.01	0.15	-0.07	0.23	242.72***	95.06
收入	PSM	24	43960	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.09	0.18	0.00	0.28	506.45***	95.46
	APM	10	29392	0.21	0.22	0.13	0.13	0.31	0.05	0.40	481.07***	98.13
	CPI	10	29392	0.11	0.13	0.08	0.07	0.19	0.02	0.24	177.85***	94.94
	COM	9	15860	0.05	0.06	0.14	-0.05	0.17	-0.13	0.26	290.83***	97.25
	SS	9	15860	0.05	0.05	0.12	-0.04	0.15	-0.11	0.22	212.43***	96.23

人口统计学特征变量	公共服务动机	k	N	r	ρ	SD	95% CI		80% CV		Q	I²
人口统计学特征变量	公共服务动机	k	N	r	ρ	SD	LL	UL	LL	UL	Q	I²
性别	PSM	125	266890	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.00	0.03	-0.1	0.13	2229.00***	94.44
	APM	27	64920	-0.06	-0.07	0.09	-0.10	-0.03	-0.18	0.05	538.06***	95.17
	CPI	25	68077	-0.01	-0.02	0.08	-0.05	0.02	-0.12	0.09	431.66***	94.44
	COM	28	57043	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.03	0.10	-0.05	0.18	461.17***	94.15
	SS	27	33032	-0.06	-0.06	0.06	-0.09	-0.04	-0.13	0.00	98.63***	73.64
年龄	PSM	109	215634	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.09	-0.05	0.20	1992.96***	94.58
	APM	30	67151	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.03	0.10	-0.05	0.18	559.88***	94.82
	CPI	26	66149	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.15	-0.02	0.25	699.53***	96.43
	COM	29	55115	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.15	-0.02	0.24	554.65***	94.95
	SS	29	31757	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.08	0.18	-0.04	0.30	570.77***	95.09
教育程度	PSM	92	293842	0.03	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.06	-0.07	0.15	2214.68***	95.89
	APM	20	42604	0.19	0.20	0.12	0.15	0.26	0.04	0.37	668.58***	97.16
	CPI	15	41657	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.07	0.17	0.00	0.24	341.91***	95.91
	COM	20	44050	0.05	0.06	0.10	0.01	0.10	-0.07	0.18	395.34***	95.19
	SS	20	20594	0.00	0.00	0.10	-0.04	0.05	-0.13	0.13	205.50***	90.75
婚姻状况	PSM	11	9824	0.04	0.04	0.08	-0.02	0.10	-0.07	0.15	64.10***	84.40
	APM	1	912	0.14	0.15	-	0.09	0.21	-	-	-	-
	CPI	1	912	0.44	0.48	-	0.43	0.53	-	-	-	-
	COM	1	912	0.32	0.35	-	0.29	0.41	-	-	-	-
	SS	1	912	0.43	0.47	-	0.42	0.52	-	-	-	-
组织任期	PSM	86	167955	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.00	0.04	-0.08	0.13	1145.03***	92.58
	APM	19	49723	0.00	0.00	0.06	-0.03	0.02	-0.08	0.07	156.92***	88.53
	CPI	18	49067	0.04	0.04	0.11	-0.01	0.10	-0.11	0.19	603.03***	97.18
	COM	18	36245	0.04	0.04	0.09	0.00	0.09	-0.07	0.15	256.22***	93.36
	SS	17	12696	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.08	0.25	-0.04	0.37	306.61***	94.78
工作任期	PSM	15	48822	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.01	0.07	-0.03	0.11	151.08***	90.73
	APM	3	4133	-0.02	-0.03	0.03	-0.09	0.03	-0.03	-0.03	1.79	-
	CPI	3	4133	0.08	0.09	0.04	-0.01	0.19	0.03	0.15	4.49	-
	COM	3	4133	0.05	0.06	0.08	-0.14	0.25	-0.08	0.20	17.23***	-
	SS	3	4133	0.08	0.09	0.01	0.07	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.26	-
职位等级	PSM	30	31515	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.10	0.18	0.00	0.29	404.73***	92.83
	APM	12	18082	0.12	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.19	0.02	0.25	139.83***	92.13
	CPI	12	18082	0.13	0.15	0.08	0.10	0.20	0.04	0.26	124.66***	91.18
	COM	12	19528	0.05	0.06	0.12	-0.02	0.13	-0.11	0.22	266.34***	95.87
	SS	13	19760	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.01	0.15	-0.07	0.23	242.72***	95.06
收入	PSM	24	43960	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.09	0.18	0.00	0.28	506.45***	95.46
	APM	10	29392	0.21	0.22	0.13	0.13	0.31	0.05	0.40	481.07***	98.13
	CPI	10	29392	0.11	0.13	0.08	0.07	0.19	0.02	0.24	177.85***	94.94
	COM	9	15860	0.05	0.06	0.14	-0.05	0.17	-0.13	0.26	290.83***	97.25
	SS	9	15860	0.05	0.05	0.12	-0.04	0.15	-0.11	0.22	212.43***	96.23

自变量	测量工具	k	N	r	SD	95% CI		80% CV		Q_w	I²	Q_b
自变量	测量工具	k	N	r	SD	LL	UL	LL	UL	Q_w	I²	Q_b
性别	四维	89	80519	-0.04	0.09	-0.06	-0.02	-0.15	0.07	671.44***	86.89	42.54***
性别	other	22	52026	0.00	0.06	-0.03	0.03	-0.07	0.07	164.99***	87.27	42.54***
年龄	四维	80	69313	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.15	-0.01	0.26	876.96***	90.99	174.23***
年龄	other	18	49847	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.07	-0.01	0.11	120.26***	85.86	174.23***
教育程度	四维	70	60652	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.12	-0.02	0.21	557.63***	87.63	33.34***
教育程度	other	10	38293	0.13	0.07	0.08	0.18	0.04	0.22	160.87***	94.41	33.34***
组织任期	四维	66	54063	0.07	0.10	0.05	0.10	-0.04	0.19	504.87***	87.13	93.04***
组织任期	other	16	41124	0.01	0.06	-0.02	0.05	-0.07	0.09	151.16***	90.08	93.04***