大脑电刺激在听觉语言加工研究中的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.01740

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大脑电刺激是历史悠久但近年来才广泛应用在人类被试上的实验技术。通过对颅内刺激位点进行电刺激, 并分析引发的暂时性行为功能变化和记录位点的电位活动, 大脑电刺激技术可以揭示认知加工过程中脑区内的功能作用与脑区间的有效连接。通过对听觉语言加工过程相关的丘脑、听觉皮层、高级语言皮层进行电刺激, 现有研究发现了各个脑区的不同功能特点以及不同脑区间的信息传递机制, 为进一步探索听觉语言加工的神经机制提供了新的视角。

关键词: 大脑电刺激, 听觉语言加工, 有效连接

Abstract:

Auditory language comprehension plays an important role in interpersonal communication in daily life, however, we still do not fully understand its underlying neural mechanisms. Electrical brain stimulation (EBS) is an experimental technique with a very long history but has only recently been widely used on human subjects. By performing electrical stimulation, analyzing the induced transient behavioral functional changes and recording the neural activity, it is possible to directly reveal the functional roles within brain regions and the effective connections between brain areas during auditory language processing. Electrical brain stimulation offers a very high spatial and temporal resolution and employs recording electrodes that can reach deep into subcortical areas. Given these unique advantages, electrical brain stimulation has received increasing research interest in recent years.

Auditory language processing is a fairly complex process and involves a wide range of brain areas. In general, the process of auditory language processing in the brain is as follows: incoming speech from the external environment enters the thalamus, which then passes to the auditory cortex (AC) for primary processing of acoustic-phonological information, followed by more advanced language processing in the temporal and frontal language areas. In addition, frontal language areas may also generate speech-related predictions that feedback to temporal language areas to facilitate auditory language processing. Electrical brain stimulation allows relatively flexible cortical or subcortical stimulation in subjects who were performing an auditory language task. By comparing the differences in task performance before and after electrical stimulation, the relationship between stimulated brain areas and cognitive function could be analyzed and thus the distribution of functionally relevant areas could be mapped. Besides, electrical brain stimulation, as a means to reflect effective connections between brain areas, can also reveal the functional connections during auditory language processing. Therefore, this paper, from the perspective of auditory language processing, is divided into three parts: thalamus and auditory cortex, auditory language processing within auditory cortex, and higher language cortex and auditory cortex. By reviewing the available studies on electrical brain stimulation during auditory language processing, the functional characteristics of the brain areas involved in auditory language processing and the information transfer mechanisms between different brain areas are summarized, providing a new perspective for further exploring the mechanisms of auditory language processing and the application of electrical brain stimulation techniques in the study of brain function. Electrical brain stimulation has broad application prospects in auditory language research, and the increased application of this technique will also bring more causal evidence on the brain function and connectivity, providing the possibility of further understanding the neural mechanisms of auditory language processing.

Key words: electrical brain stimulation, auditory language processing, effective connectivity

中图分类号:

B842

马敏璇, 李文婕, 秦梦玲, 韦耀鸿, 谭倩宝, 沈路, 陈骐, 韩彪. (2021). 大脑电刺激在听觉语言加工研究中的应用. 心理科学进展 , 29(10), 1740-1754.

MA Minxuan, LI Wenjie, QIN Mengling, WEI Yaohong, TAN Qianbao, SHEN Lu, CHEN Qi, HAN Biao. (2021). Application of electrical brain stimulation in the auditory language processing. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(10), 1740-1754.

图/表 4

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研究	N	年龄mean (min~max)	刺激位点	记录位点	频率 (Hz)	电流强度 (mA)	时长(ms)	主要结论
Rosenberg et al. (2009)	7	34 (16~47)	PuM, 皮层广泛位置	皮层广泛位置, PuM	0.2	3	1	丘脑内侧枕与皮层有广泛联系
Atencio et al. (2014)	5	成年	MGB	PAC	2	(20~35.6) ×10^-6	0.2	用低强度电流刺激猫丘脑可以激活听觉皮层
Howard et al. (2000)	18	/	HG	PLST	1/2	1~4	0.2	HG与PLST之间存在单向投射
Brugge et al. (2003)	7	38 (19~46)	HG, PLST	HG, PLST	1/0.5	1~4	0.2	HG与PLST之间存在双向投射
Matsumoto et al. (2004)	8	24.9 (13~42)	颞叶, 额叶, 面部运动区	颞叶, 额叶, 顶叶, 中央沟	1	12	0.3	Perisylvian内的双向连接
Entz et al. (2014)	25	31.6 (15~60)	颞叶, 额叶	颞叶, 额叶	0.5/1	10	0.2	颞叶、额叶等语言网络之间的双向投射
Kanno et al. (2018)	27	/ (13~43)	额叶	颞顶区	1	10	/	个体的额叶和颞顶叶在半球之间的连接比较
Nakae et al. (2020)	14	45.9 (21~79)	IFG, 外侧颞-枕区	IFG, 外侧颞-枕区	1	15	0.3	左IFG各部分分别与颞叶呈梯度性连接

研究	N	年龄mean (min~max)	刺激位点	记录位点	频率 (Hz)	电流强度 (mA)	时长(ms)	主要结论
Rosenberg et al. (2009)	7	34 (16~47)	PuM, 皮层广泛位置	皮层广泛位置, PuM	0.2	3	1	丘脑内侧枕与皮层有广泛联系
Atencio et al. (2014)	5	成年	MGB	PAC	2	(20~35.6) ×10^-6	0.2	用低强度电流刺激猫丘脑可以激活听觉皮层
Howard et al. (2000)	18	/	HG	PLST	1/2	1~4	0.2	HG与PLST之间存在单向投射
Brugge et al. (2003)	7	38 (19~46)	HG, PLST	HG, PLST	1/0.5	1~4	0.2	HG与PLST之间存在双向投射
Matsumoto et al. (2004)	8	24.9 (13~42)	颞叶, 额叶, 面部运动区	颞叶, 额叶, 顶叶, 中央沟	1	12	0.3	Perisylvian内的双向连接
Entz et al. (2014)	25	31.6 (15~60)	颞叶, 额叶	颞叶, 额叶	0.5/1	10	0.2	颞叶、额叶等语言网络之间的双向投射
Kanno et al. (2018)	27	/ (13~43)	额叶	颞顶区	1	10	/	个体的额叶和颞顶叶在半球之间的连接比较
Nakae et al. (2020)	14	45.9 (21~79)	IFG, 外侧颞-枕区	IFG, 外侧颞-枕区	1	15	0.3	左IFG各部分分别与颞叶呈梯度性连接

研究	N	年龄mean (min~max)	刺激位点	记录位点	频率(Hz)	电流强度(mA)	时长(ms)	主要结论
Ma et al. (2009)	11	成年	MGBv/m	A1	10	0.0001	0.2	刺激蝙蝠MGB不同部位对A1的影响不同
Zhang et al. (2000)	9	成年	听觉皮层	MGB	5	0.0001	0.2	髭蝠听觉皮层对丘脑神经元的反馈作用
Sinai et al. (2009)	6	35.7(23~58)	STG	STG	50	10~15	0.3	颞上回中/后部均影响听觉语言知觉和听觉理解
Boatman et al. (1997)	5	32(17~47)	左STG	左STG		<15	0.3	左STG辅音和元音知觉是有差异的
Suzuki et al. (2018)	7	22(18~47)	PLST	PLST	50	0~15	0.4	双侧PLST的功能不同
Matsumoto et al. (2011)	2	31(30~32)	STG/STS, pMTG, pITG	STG/STS, pMTG, pITG	50	/	0.3	左颞叶前区在听觉语言感知中的作用
Roux et al. (2015)	90	48(18~74)	额叶, 顶叶, 颞叶	额叶, 顶叶, 颞叶	60	4~12	1	左侧颞上回参与单词理解的加工

研究	N	年龄mean (min~max)	刺激位点	记录位点	频率(Hz)	电流强度(mA)	时长(ms)	主要结论
Ma et al. (2009)	11	成年	MGBv/m	A1	10	0.0001	0.2	刺激蝙蝠MGB不同部位对A1的影响不同
Zhang et al. (2000)	9	成年	听觉皮层	MGB	5	0.0001	0.2	髭蝠听觉皮层对丘脑神经元的反馈作用
Sinai et al. (2009)	6	35.7(23~58)	STG	STG	50	10~15	0.3	颞上回中/后部均影响听觉语言知觉和听觉理解
Boatman et al. (1997)	5	32(17~47)	左STG	左STG		<15	0.3	左STG辅音和元音知觉是有差异的
Suzuki et al. (2018)	7	22(18~47)	PLST	PLST	50	0~15	0.4	双侧PLST的功能不同
Matsumoto et al. (2011)	2	31(30~32)	STG/STS, pMTG, pITG	STG/STS, pMTG, pITG	50	/	0.3	左颞叶前区在听觉语言感知中的作用
Roux et al. (2015)	90	48(18~74)	额叶, 顶叶, 颞叶	额叶, 顶叶, 颞叶	60	4~12	1	左侧颞上回参与单词理解的加工