正念对亲密关系的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亲密关系中的正念, 是指个体有意识地关注可能影响关系的感觉或想法。由于其有助于提高关系满意度并缓解关系冲突, 因而逐渐在理论和应用上受到关注。二元互动过程理论有助于在二元框架下理解正念影响亲密关系的过程和结果, 研究者通常采用测量法、实验诱导法和正念干预探究正念对亲密关系的影响。鉴于正念干预对亲密关系具有防护和补救功能,因此被应用于相对幸福、面临挑战和陷入危机等不同关系状态。未来的研究可根据关系的阶段特征和可能的反向作用建构理论; 根据亲密关系的二元互动和阶段特点, 从多维、动态发展的视角界定概念, 通过互评法和观察编码法进行测量; 采用更严谨的设计明确干预效果; 并且关注潜在的消极影响。

关键词: 亲密关系, 正念, 冥想, 干预

Abstract:

Mindfulness in an intimate relationship indicates the conscious attention to feelings or thoughts paid by individuals that may affect the relationship. It has gradually attracted academic attention in theory and applications research because of its contributions to improve relationship satisfaction and buffer conflicts. The theoretical framework of interaction patterns between partners helps to understand the process and outcomes of intimate relationships at the level of the dyad. Researchers usually use self-report questionnaires, laboratory-based inductions and mindfulness interventions to explore the effects of mindfulness on intimate relationships. Since mindfulness intervention has a protective and remedial function for intimate relationships, it is applied to different relationship states such as relative happiness, facing challenges, and falling into crisis. Future research consists of four aspects. Firstly, constructing the theory based on the staged characteristics and possible reverse effects; secondly, conceptualizing the theoretical definition from multi-dimensional as well as dynamic perspective by relying on the interaction pattern and staged characteristics of the intimate relationship following by the measurement through the mutual evaluation or observational coding; thirdly, using robust designs to clarify the effects of interventions and finally paying attention to potential adverse effects.

Key words: intimate relationships, mindfulness, meditation, intervention

中图分类号:

B849: C91

陈国典, 杨通平. (2020). 正念对亲密关系的影响. 心理科学进展 , 28(9), 1551-1563.

CHEN Guodian, YANG Tongping. (2020). The influence of mindfulness on intimate relationships. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(9), 1551-1563.

图/表 2

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正念干预项目	干预对象	干预目的
正念强化关系疗法 (Mindfulness-based Relationship Enhancement, MBRE)	相对幸福、无冲突的伴侣	强化亲密关系, 提高压力应对能力。
准父母正念过渡项目 (Mindful Transition to Parenthood Program, MTPP)	即将迎来第一个小孩的准父母	预防关系恶化, 帮助伴侣共同面对因小孩的出生而带来的角色转换和潜在的压力。
接纳与承诺疗法 (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT)	关系出现危机的伴侣	减少关系冲突, 提高关系质量。

正念干预项目	干预对象	干预目的
正念强化关系疗法 (Mindfulness-based Relationship Enhancement, MBRE)	相对幸福、无冲突的伴侣	强化亲密关系, 提高压力应对能力。
准父母正念过渡项目 (Mindful Transition to Parenthood Program, MTPP)	即将迎来第一个小孩的准父母	预防关系恶化, 帮助伴侣共同面对因小孩的出生而带来的角色转换和潜在的压力。
接纳与承诺疗法 (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT)	关系出现危机的伴侣	减少关系冲突, 提高关系质量。