依恋启动及其效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01539

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

认知革命背景下, 依恋研究出现了社会认知转向, 研究兴趣正在从关注依恋个体差异转向差异背后的依恋图式, 研究范式也从观察测量转向以启动为代表的精细测量实验范式。依恋启动实验范式分为安全启动和不安全启动, 启动材料会激活不同依恋图式, 促使个体分别采用安全依恋策略、过度激活或抑制激活策略, 进而表现出不同的心理和行为模式, 而这些模式又会调节启动效应, 形成动态的启动反馈回路。未来研究应对依恋图式的成分、结构进一步细化, 关注依恋焦虑与依恋启动的关系, 并从加工时间进程视角探究依恋启动对后续认知加工过程的影响。

关键词: 依恋研究范式, 依恋启动, 依恋图式, 依恋应对策略

Abstract:

In the context of cognitive science, attachment research has revealed a social cognition shift. Researchers’ interest is shifting from focusing on individual differences in attachment to the attachment schemas behind the differences. The research paradigm has also shifted from observational measure to the fine cognitive experimental paradigm represented by priming. The attachment priming paradigm is divided into secure priming and unsecure priming. Priming materials will activate different attachment schemas, prompting individuals to adopt secure attachment strategy, hyperactivating strategy or deactivating strategy, respectively, and thus show different mental and behavioral patterns. Meanwhile, these patterns can moderate the priming effects. And all these processes form a dynamic priming feedback loop. Future research should refine the components and structure of attachment schemas, focus on the relationship between attachment anxiety and attachment priming, and explore the impact of attachment priming on subsequent cognitive processing from the perspective of processing time.

Key words: attachment research paradigm, attachment priming, attachment script, attachment coping strategies

中图分类号:

B844

贾成龙, 孙莉, 冯伯乐, 秦金亮. (2020). 依恋启动及其效应. 心理科学进展 , 28(9), 1539-1550.

JIA Chenglong, SUN Li, FENG Bole, QIN Jinliang. (2020). The effects and mechanism of attachment priming. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(9), 1539-1550.

图/表 1

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依恋启动类型		激活图式		依恋策略
安全启动		安全基地图式		安全依恋策略
不安全启动	焦虑启动	警卫图式	结果成功的警卫图式	安全依恋策略
	焦虑启动	警卫图式	结果失败的警卫图式	过度激活策略
	回避启动	快速逃离图式		抑制激活策略
	威胁启动	无具体图式		个体主导策略

依恋启动类型		激活图式		依恋策略
安全启动		安全基地图式		安全依恋策略
不安全启动	焦虑启动	警卫图式	结果成功的警卫图式	安全依恋策略
	焦虑启动	警卫图式	结果失败的警卫图式	过度激活策略
	回避启动	快速逃离图式		抑制激活策略
	威胁启动	无具体图式		个体主导策略