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The relationship between social media use and fear of missing out: A meta-analysis ZHANG Yali, LI Sen, YU Guoliang Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (3): 273-290.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00273 Abstract （7212）   HTML （309）    PDF （992KB）（24921）       Knowledge map    Social media use and fear of missing out are both common phenomena in our daily life. Numerous studies have discussed the relationship between these two variables, but the results were mixed. Theoretically, there are two main arguments about the relationship between social media use and fear of missing out. To be specific, the social cognitive theory of mass communication suggested that there was a significant positive correlation between the two variables, while the digital goldilocks hypothesis argued that there may be a U-shaped relationship instead of a significant linear correlation between the two. Empirically, the effect sizes of this relationship reported in the existing literature were far from consistent, with r values ranging from 0 to 0.75. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to explore the strength and moderators of the relationship between social media use and fear of missing out. Through literature retrieval, 65 studies consisting of 70 independent effect sizes that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In addition, a random-effects model was selected to conduct the meta-analysis in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software, aiming at testing our hypotheses. The heterogeneity test illustrated that there was significant heterogeneity among 70 independent effect sizes, indicating that the random-effects model was appropriate for subsequent meta-analyses. Based on the funnel plot and Egger's test of regression to the intercept, no significant publication bias was found in the included studies. The main effect analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between social media use and fear of missing out (r = 0.38). The moderation analyses revealed that the relationship between social media use and fear of missing out was moderated by the indicator of social media use, as well as the type of social media. Specifically, compared with the frequency, the time as well as the intensity of social media use, social media use addiction had the strongest correlation with fear of missing out; compared with Snapchat and Facebook, Instagram had the strongest correlation with fear of missing out. Other moderators such as gender, age, measurement tools of fear of missing out as well as individualism index did not moderate the relation between these two constructs. The results supported the media effect model, which suggested that social media use, especially social media use addiction may be an important risk factor for individuals’ fear of missing out. Longitudinal studies are needed in the future to explore the dynamic relationship between social media use and fear of missing out. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between narcissism and aggression: A meta-analysis ZHANG Lihua, ZHU He Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (11): 1228-1243.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01228 Abstract （1948）   HTML （67）    PDF （260KB）（14825）       Knowledge map    Aggression and violence are prevalent public health problems, tremendously harming individuals, families and society. Supposedly, low self-esteem is an important cause of aggression. However, some researchers have suggested that aggression may be attributable to threatened egoism, that is, the inflated and narcissistic view of self that is threatened, rather than low self-esteem itself. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between narcissism and aggression. However, these results appear somewhat inconsistent in different studies. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to explore the strength and moderators of the relationship between narcissism and aggression. We included Chinese and English literature from 1965 to 2021. A total of 177 independent effect sizes (121 studies, 73687 participants) were found within the criteria of the meta-analysis. On the basis of the characteristics of studies, we selected the random-effects model. After the data was coded, independent effect sizes were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3 program. The results of the funnel plot and Egger test showed no publication bias. Results showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.27, 95% CI [0.25, 0.29]) between narcissism and aggression. Additionally, the moderation analyses revealed that the strength of the relationship was moderated by gender and the modes of reporting narcissism, but not by the modes of reporting aggression or culture. Meanwhile, different types of narcissism related differently to aggression, in that covert narcissism was more positively correlated with aggression compared with overt narcissism, and maladaptive narcissism was more positively correlated with aggression compared with adaptive narcissism. Based on the meta-analysis, narcissism and aggression were closely related. The mechanisms of aggression must be identified to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate the public health problems caused by aggression. Future research could: (1) The present study found that the modes of reporting narcissism play a moderating role in the relationship between narcissism and aggression. Therefore, to gain insights into the reporters’ bias and obtain accurate and complete information regarding narcissism, the data of multiple reporters can be employed. (2) Overt narcissism and covert narcissism are distinct structures, and the existing studies on the relationship between narcissism and aggression have paid less attention to covert narcissism. The present study found that covert narcissism is more likely to be a risk factor for aggression than overt narcissism. Therefore, future research could strengthen the exploration of covert narcissism. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of interruption on work performance and the moderating effects of mental fatigue CHEN Yueyuan, FANG Weining, GUO Beiyuan, BAO Haifeng Acta Psychologica Sinica    2023, 55 (1): 22-35.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.00022 Abstract （883）   HTML （33）    PDF （4590KB）（7467）       Knowledge map    Task interruptions have an impact on performance after interruption. Exploring the cognitive mechanism of interruption's impact on performance under different fatigue conditions will help improve and develop the cognitive theory of interruption. In this study, combining behavioral data and ERPs results, we analyzed the effect of task interruption on performance and the moderating effect of mental fatigue by performing spatial 2-back tasks with interruption, suspension, and non-interruption under different mental fatigue conditions. The results showed that the amplitudes of P200 and P300 induced by interruption were significantly increased, the attention resources were decreased by interruption, and the irrelevant information of task interruption interfered with the working memory of the primary task. Moreover, the fatigue state further aggravated the negative effects of interruption on attention resources, working memory, and behavior performance. This study reveals the cognitive process of interruption and the mechanism underlying the influence of fatigue on interruption, and supports the memory for goals model. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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How ritual actions, symbolic meanings, and positive emotions enhance perceived control: A dual path way mechanism YIN Keli, LAN Miaosen, LI Hui, ZHAO Ziwen Acta Psychologica Sinica    2022, 54 (1): 54-65.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00054 Abstract （992）   HTML （25）    PDF （265KB）（7263）       Knowledge map    Taking “Guozhuang worship”, a traditional ritual of Pumi people in China, as an example, this study explored the effects of ritual actions, symbolic meanings, and positive emotions on the perceived control of adolescents and adults in Pumi people by using the methods of recall task and creating novel rituals. The results showed that adolescents who were familiar with the actions, symbolism, or more emotional experiences of the Guozhuang worship had a stronger perceived control. The study concluded that there is a dual path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The relationship between symbolic meaning and perceived control is also variant in different ritual subjects. Praying for blessing indirectly enhances adolescents' perceived control through positive emotions, while expressing gratitude indirectly enhances adults' perceived control through positive emotions. The results have important implications for exploring the effects of ritual actions, symbolic meanings, and positive emotions on the individual’s perceived control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of leader power and status on employees’ voice behavior:The role of psychological safety RONG Yan, SUI Yang, JIANG Jing Acta Psychologica Sinica    2022, 54 (5): 549-565.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00549 Abstract （1043）   HTML （32）    PDF （291KB）（7245）       Knowledge map    Through two experiments (Studies 1 and 2), and one multi-source, multi-wave field survey (Study 3), we found that leader power has a negative effect on subordinates’ voice behaviors; leader status has a positive effect on subordinates’ voice behaviors; leader status moderates the influence of leader power on subordinates' voice behaviors. When leader status is low, the negative effect of leader power on subordinates' voice behaviors is strengthened; otherwise, it is not significant. The moderating effect of leader status on power is transferred to subordinates' voice behavior through subordinates' psychological safety. Our findings shed light on how organizational hierarchy bases, such as power and status, influence subordinates' voice behavior. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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When design meets AI: The impact of AI design products on consumers’ response patterns LI Bin, RUI Jianxi, YU Weinan, LI Aimei, YE Maolin Acta Psychologica Sinica    2025, 57 (11): 1914-1932.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1914 Abstract （707）   HTML （36）    PDF （3308KB）（6882）       Knowledge map    With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, utilizing AI to design products and innovate is a major trend in the future. Based on the stereotype content model, this article explored the effects, mechanisms, and boundary conditions of design source (human vs. AI) and product type (nostalgic vs. innovative) on consumer response patterns (appreciation vs. aversion) through six progressive Studies (N = 1418). The results showed that for nostalgic products, consumers preferred human design, showing AI aversion; for innovative products, consumers preferred AI design, showing AI appreciation, which produced a matching effect of “human design-nostalgic products” and “AI design-innovative products”. Further analysis revealed that processing fluency played a mediating role in this matching effect process; warmth perception and competence perception were key factors that led to processing fluency. In addition, the AI-human collaborative design mode, AI anthropomorphic features, and consumer self-construction types all played a moderating role. This article not only revealed the response patterns and deep mechanisms of consumers' appreciation or aversion towards different types of products designed by AI but also provided references for strategic planning and marketing strategies of AI+ design in the new era of artificial intelligence. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: The halo effect and generalization effect in the facial attractiveness evaluation HAN Shangfeng, LI Yue, LIU Shen, XU Qiang, TAN Qun, ZHANG Lin Acta Psychologica Sinica    2018, 50 (4): 363-376.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00363 Abstract （14039）      PDF （1140KB）（6415）       Knowledge map     Even though people usually agreed that “a book should not be judged by its cover”, researches had repeatedly demonstrated that individuals spontaneously and very swiftly formed impression on others based merely on the appearance of their faces. Facial attractiveness is an important content in the first perception. Which had been linked to outcomes as diverse as mate choice, job hunting, and cooperation. Given these real world consequences of the first impressions, it is important to understand how these impressions are formed. Some studies found that facial physical characteristics, such as symmetry, averageness and sexual dimorphism, had a great impact on facial attractiveness. While different individuals have different experience, when faced with the same face in the same context, different individuals have different evaluations on facial attractiveness. Some researchers put forward a new theory, namely, the observer hypothesis, which demonstrated that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. However, the processing of unfamiliar facial attractiveness remained unclear. The goal of the current study was to explore how we processed the impression of unfamiliar facial attractiveness. 19 males and 27 females took part in the experiment one and 16 males and 22 females participated in the experiment two, each experiment contained two phases that were learning tasks and evaluation tasks. In the learning phase, participants firstly learned to associate faces with negative, neutral, or positive trait words or imaged the behavior of the individuals to form different impression, which was contribute to the same valence between the neutral face and trait words or sentence. When participants could evaluate the valence of the face correctly, they could proceed to the next phase. In the experiment one, 13 males and 25 females had passed learning phase and evaluated the original faces and the unfamiliar faces. In the experiment two, 12 males and 17 females had done the learning task and evaluation task successfully. And in the evaluation phase, extend of warmth, competence and facial attractiveness of the unfamiliar faces, which had 50% similarity with the learned faces, were evaluated. Both of the two experiments had the same results, which showed that there are two ways to form unfamiliar facial attractiveness: (1) the first one is that generalization effect occurred after halo effect, compared with negative familiar faces, positive familiar faces were evaluated more attractive, so did the unfamiliar faces that were familiar with positive familiar faces; (2) the second one is that halo effect occurred after generalization effect, unfamiliar faces which were similar with positive familiar faces were not only evaluated more positive but also more attractive. The results suggested that generalization effect occurred after halo effect and halo effect occurred after generalization effect were the two ways to form unfamiliar facial attractiveness. In conclusion, halo effect and generalization effect play an important role in the processing of unfamiliar facial attractiveness. Related Articles | Metrics

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The meaning of the body: Enactive approach to emotion YE Haosheng, SU Jiajia, SU Dequan Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (12): 1393-1404.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01393 Abstract （1354）   HTML （50）    PDF （154KB）（6164）       Knowledge map    The emotion theory of enactivism looks at the dynamic function of emotion from the perspective of “sense-making”, and advocates that emotion and cognition are intertwined and closely related to the bodily activities of organisms adapting to the environment. Emotion is the emotion of the body, and the body is the body in emotional experience. The body plays a constitutive role in emotional experience. According to this view, emotion is a positive action tendency, which is an embodied action based on understanding the meaning of environment. Emotion does not occur in the skull of an organism, but in the interaction and coupling of brain, body and environment. Because cognition and emotion are unified in the activities of organism sense-making from the perspective of enactivism, the 4E attribute of cognition must also be reflected in emotion, which makes emotion and affection also have the characteristics of embodiment, embedding, extension and enaction. The enactive theory of emotion provides a new perspective for understanding emotion and then the essence of consciousness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Confucian ideal personality traits (Junzi personality): Exploration of psychological measurement GE Xiaoyu, LI Xiaoming, HOU Yubo Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (12): 1321-1334.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01321 Abstract （3023）   HTML （88）    PDF （672KB）（6141）       Knowledge map    Junzi personality is defined as ideal personality traits in Chinese culture (particularly Confucianism), and is a vital key in understanding Chinese cultural psychology. But there are few empirical researches on this variable. In the current study, we combined the theory analysis of classical texts and empirical analysis of psychological measurement. We collected all the Confucius’ statements about Junzi personality from the Analects of Confucius and utilized them to create a preliminary questionnaire. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis, two confirmatory factor analyses, and criteria-related validity analyses, and the total sample size was 1916. We explored the internal structure of Junzi personality in Confucius’ thought, and established the Inventory of Junzi Personality in Confucius’ Thought, which had good reliability and validity. The findings revealed that Junzi personality is composed of five factors: (A) wisdom, benevolence, and courage, (B) respectfulness and propriety, (C) conversancy with righteousness and cherishment of benign rule, (D) refraining from what should not be done, and (E) self-cultivation rather than contentions with others. Additionally, we examined the correlations of Junzi personality with the Big-Five personality, Chinese values, self-consistency and congruence, cooperative and competitive personality tendencies, and prosocial inclinations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Humans perceive warmth and competence in large language models WU Yueting, WANG Bo, BAO Han Wu Shuang, LI Ruonan, WU Yi, WANG Jiaqi, CHENG Cheng, YANG Li Acta Psychologica Sinica    2025, 57 (11): 2043-2059.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.2043 Abstract （521）   HTML （20）    PDF （769KB）（5993）       Knowledge map    With the continuous advancement of technical capabilities and the extensive penetration of application scenarios of Large Language Models (LLMs), the structure of social interaction is transitioning from the traditionally single interpersonal interaction to a multi-level system integrating interpersonal interaction, human-machine interaction, and machine-machine interaction. In this context, understanding how humans perceive and evaluate LLMs has become an important issue. This research systematically examines the perception patterns of LLMs by humans through three studies. Study 1 found that, consistent with how humans perceive other humans, humans primarily perceive LLMs through two dimensions: warmth and competence. However, in general contexts, unlike the warmth priority in human perception, humans prioritize competence when perceiving LLMs. Study 2 explored the priority effect of warmth and competence in predicting different attitudes. The results show that both warmth and competence positively predict humans’ willingness to continue using LLMs and their liking of LLMs, with competence having a stronger predictive effect on willingness to continue using, and warmth having a stronger predictive effect on liking. Study 3 further explored the differences in human perception of LLMs and others. The results show that humans’ warmth evaluations of LLMs do not differ significantly from those of humans, but their competence evaluations of LLMs are significantly higher than those of humans. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding human perception of LLMs and offers a new perspective for the design optimization of artificial intelligence and the study of human-machine collaboration mechanisms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Piaget’s epistemological methodology and its contemporary significance JIANG Ke, LI Qiwei Acta Psychologica Sinica    2020, 52 (8): 1017-1030.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01017 Abstract （2968）   HTML （24）    PDF （283KB）（5700）       Knowledge map    Piaget’s works covered philosophy, psychology, biology, and logic, as well as other fields. The psychological community attaches great importance to Piaget’s influence in the field. For example, he was the President of the Swiss Psychological Society, the President of the French National Psychological Federation, the President of the 14th International Union for Psychological Science, and he was awarded the Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1969. Should Piaget’s academic identity be that of a philosopher or a psychologist? This question is essentially about Piaget’s methodology, as it is not the object of the study that defines which branch an approach belongs to, but the method of study it adopts. Piaget’s theories are rich and complex, and his works are numerous. What connects such theories into a whole system is the constructional method of Piaget’s epistemology. This article focuses on Piaget’s works in the fields of philosophical epistemology, biological analogy methodology, as well as the methodology of structuralism and dialectics, so as to analyze the key concepts in the construction process of Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology. It was hoped that through such reviews, we could learn from the core constructs of Piaget’s theoretical system, which are often misunderstood and ignored. It is also hoped that, by analyzing these contents, Piaget’s theory can be explained as being neither psychological in the traditional sense nor philosophical epistemology in the general sense. Instead, we should think of Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology as an innovative science of the mind. From this perspective, we can better understand how Genetic Epistemology can deal with many “difficult problems” faced by contemporary cognitive science. Piaget defined his core concepts by the theory of equilibrium-construction. He demonstrated the bidirectional interaction between organisms and the external environment based on the concepts of adaptation and equilibrium in biology. Furthermore, he constructed a structuralist epistemology of Genetic Epistemology through the “isomorphism” of cognitive and biological processes. Structuralism was not only a theoretical proposition, but a construction method of Piaget’s meta-theory. Piaget established structuralism as a methodology by defining three characteristics of structure: integrality, transformation, and self-adjustment. Piaget’s way of thinking was dialectic. This dialectic referred to any two separate and different systems, not necessarily opposed to each other, which could merge and produce a new system. Finally, Piaget’s research method was a clinical interview, as well as the Geneva Discovery Technique. In terms of research methods, Piaget could be regarded as an early pioneer of qualitative research techniques. In general, Piaget’s theoretical construction method had two important characteristics. First, he emphasized that relative to the structure, function would be the precondition, in the sense of logic; that is, the function was the adaptation of the organism to the environment. Second, the ideological basis of Piaget’s methodology is dialectics. His epistemology, on the one hand, criticizes rationalism, while on the other hand, criticizes empiricism, finally forming a unique epistemological system. Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology may provide guidance and inspiration on many “difficult problems” in the study of the philosophy of mind nowadays, such as the “other-mind problem” and the “induction problem.” Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kawai vs. Whimsical: The influence of cuteness types of luxury brands on consumers' preferences FENG Wenting, XU Yuanping, HUANG Hai, WANG Tao Acta Psychologica Sinica    2022, 54 (3): 313-330.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00313 Abstract （1430）   HTML （62）    PDF （339KB）（5534）       Knowledge map    Luxury brands are keen to use cuteness styles to interact with consumers. Based on the theory of ideal self, this paper explores the mechanism and boundary conditions of cuteness style types’ influence on consumers’ preferences for luxury brands through four experiments. Experiment 1 showed that the cuteness styles of luxury brands (kindchenschema/whimsicality) could significantly affect consumers’ brand preferences, and verified the causal chain model of the main effect. Experiment 2 further clarified the boundary of the main effect, and the results showed that the influence of brand cuteness styles on consumers’ preferences only existed in the context of luxury brands. Experiment 3 explored the moderating effect of self-monitoring level on the main effect and found that for individuals with a low level of self-monitoring, the cuteness styles of luxury brands could hardly affect brand preferences in an effective way. Experiment 4 analyzed the moderating effect of individual development stages on the main effect. The results showed that for individuals in adulthood, the whimsical cuteness style could improve the individual’s preferences for luxury brands more than the kindchenschema cuteness style, and for individuals in childhood, the kindchenschema cuteness style was more likely to be favored than the whimsical cuteness style. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of mindfulness meditation in intervention for anxiety: A meta-analysis REN Zhihong, Zhang Yawen, JIANG Guangrong Acta Psychologica Sinica    2018, 50 (3): 283-305.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00283 Abstract （10670）      PDF （2406KB）（5123）       Knowledge map     Mindfulness meditation (MM) has enjoyed a growing popularity in healthcare in recent years when bio-psycho-social approaches are becoming more and more emphasized in modern medicine. There has been mounting empirical evidence showing MM’s significant effectiveness in alleviating anxiety for both nonclinical and clinical populations. However, the effect size of the available empirical investigation results has remained inconsistent and possible moderators have yet to be explored comprehensively. In order to determine the immediate and long-term efficacy of MM in overcoming anxiety, we conducted a meta-analysis based on a systematic and comprehensive review of the published studies on mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety. We also examined whether some characteristics of research participants (e.g. age, geographic areas) and interventions (e.g. format, duration, at-home practice), and specifics of the study (i.e. types of control, quality of the study) and data analysis (e.g. attrition rate) moderate the magnitude of the effectiveness of MM interventions (11variables). The review was performed following the rigorous PRISMA Protocol. Published studies using randomized controlled trial were selected from major databases worldwide to include investigations conducted in both Western and Eastern countries. Databases used include VIP Journal Integration Platform, Wan fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Keywords used are mindfulness, meditation, MBSR, MBCT, anxi*, mood, intervention, therapy, program. Using the random effect model, we pooled the effect size (Hedge’s g), and conducted a publication bias evaluation, a moderating effect analysis and an interaction analysis in CMA 3.3. Results of our analyses revealed fifty-five RCTs from both Eastern and Western countries (k = 68 samples, N = 4595 participants). Mindfulness meditation for treating anxiety is shown to be efficacious with a medium to large immediate effect (g = 0.60), but the effect is not reliably shown at follow-up assessments. The post-heterogeneity test result suggests that using the random effect model is reasonable. Univariate meta-regression analysis yielded that study quality, geographic areas, participants’ age, intervention format (Group vs. Individual), amount of at-home practice, and attrition rate shown in data analysis remarkably influenced the effect size of MM’s immediate effect, while types of control, health condition, mindfulness practice experience, intervention duration, or statistical analysis methods used (ITT vs. PP) did not appear to moderate MM’s immediate effectiveness for reducing anxiety. Additionally, geographic areas affect the effect size the most. Multiple meta-regression models suggested that type of control and geographic areas, as well as statistical analysis methods significantly moderate the effect size of intervention effectiveness. Overall, the study results demonstrated high immediate effect of mindfulness-based practices for alleviating anxiety, but the effect did not seem to last. In addition, geographic area turns out to be the strongest moderator, and practitioners in the East seem to benefit more than those who are in the West. Study quality, participants’ age, mindfulness practice experience, intervention format, at-home practice quantity and attrition rate also affect the effect size to a certain extent. Future research is warranted to improve methodological quality of outcome studies, to provide more clear and replicable evidence of MM efficacy, and to explore more underlying moderators for the intervention effect size, such as participant satisfaction and so forth. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between perceived overqualification and individual performance and mediating mechanisms: A meta-analytic review and examination of emotional and cognitive processing systems and cultural contexts YANG Weiwen, LI Chaoping Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (5): 527-554.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00527 Abstract （1816）   HTML （86）    PDF （517KB）（5107）       Knowledge map    In recent years, overqualification, a special phenomenon of person-environment misfit, has attracted a lot of scholars’ attention, but the conclusions from related studies remain controversial. A meta-analysis of 321 articles including 383 independent studies, 945 effect sizes and 575061 study samples was conducted: (1) The direct effect test showed that there was a significant positive correlation between perceived overqualification (POQ) and negative emotions (i.e., anger, boredom). There was no significant correlation between POQ and positive self-concepts (i.e., self-esteem, self-efficacy), but a significant positive correlation exists between POQ and negative extra-role behaviors (i.e., counterproductive work behavior, turnover). There was no significant correlation between positive extra-role behaviors (i.e., creativity, organizational citizenship behavior, etc.) and task performance. (2) The meta-analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) shows that POQ can augment negative emotions, and further promote negative extra-role behaviors while decreasing positive extra-role behaviors and task performance. Meanwhile, POQ can increase positive self-concepts, and can furthermore enhance positive extra-role behaviors and task performance while decreasing negative extra-role behaviors; (3) Collectivism played a moderating role in the process of POQ affecting individual performance through the emotional-cognitive processing system. In the high collectivistic cultural context, POQ had a lower level of negative effect on negative emotions and had a positive effect on positive self-concepts; in the low collectivistic cultural context, POQ had a stronger negative effect on negative emotions, and a negative effect on positive self-concepts. (4) The relationship between POQ and person-job fit (P-J fit) was stronger than that between POQ and person-organization fit (P-O fit). Compare with P-J fit and P-O fit, POQ had the strongest effect on strain and turnover. The findings of this study provide insights into understanding the complex mechanisms and boundary conditions of POQ on individual performance, and provide evidence for how to manage overqualified employees. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Does conformity lead to gains? The effect of workplace ostracism on performance evaluation from a self-presentational view JIANG Ping, ZHANG Lihua Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (4): 400-412.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00400 Abstract （1709）   HTML （85）    PDF （254KB）（5044）       Knowledge map    There are some inconsistent conclusions about the effect of workplace ostracism on employee performance, which indicates that there are potential mechanisms in this field to be explored. Therefore, based on the self-presentation theory, this research built and tested a conditional indirect effect model to explore how and when individuals who suffered from workplace ostracism might obtain higher performance evaluation. Based on an experimental study and a field sample of supervisor-employee dyads, the results supported our theoretical hypotheses that workplace ostracism was positively related to facades of conformity. Besides, the relationship between workplace ostracism and facades of conformity was stronger when employees were high in collectivism values. However, when supervisors themselves also hold high collectivism values, employees’ facades of conformity are positively related to supervisors’ evaluations of job performance. Moreover, workplace ostracism has a conditional, positive indirect effect on supervisor’s evaluations of employee performance via employee facades of conformity, such that the indirect effect is positive when both employee and supervisors’ collectivism values are high. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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“You were what you eat”: Food-gender stereotypes and their impact on evaluation of impression ZUO Bin, DAI Yuee, WEN Fangfang, GAO Jia, XIE Zhijie, HE Saifei Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (3): 259-272.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00259 Abstract （2258）   HTML （107）    PDF （218KB）（4975）       Knowledge map    Food plays an important role in social life, endowed with cultural and gender connotations. We used two studies to explore ex-plicit and implicit food-gender stereotypes and their influence on person evaluation (i.e., perceived warmth and competence). Study 1 examined the presence of explicit and implicit food-gender stereotypes using nomination, self-reports, and semantic priming para-digms. The results demonstrated participants held explicit food-gender stereotypes that the male preferred masculine food, and the female preferred feminine food, and female participants hold implicit food-gender stereotypes. In Study 2, we used situational ex-periment and implicit relational assessment procedure to measure participants’ evaluation of the stereotype-(in)consistent targets’ warmth and competence. Results showed that participants implicitly elevated the warmth trait of the stereotype-inconsistent male target. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of culture on wise reasoning in the context of self-friend conflict and its mechanism WEI, Xindong, WANG, Fengyan Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (11): 1244-1259.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.01244 Abstract （750）   HTML （18）    PDF （528KB）（4690）       Knowledge map    In contrast to dealing with personal conflicts, westerners who are mainly independent self are wiser in dealing with their friends’ personal conflicts (Solomon paradox). Will Solomon’s paradox have different characteristics among Chinese people who are mainly interdependent self? In Study 1, Chinese and American participants were recruited through an online platform and randomly assigned to a self/friend conflict group to examine their levels of wise reasoning and the influence of self-type. The results of alignment and ANOVA showed that the friend group had significantly higher wise reasoning than the self group among Americans, while the two groups had no significant difference among Chinese. Further analysis found that the interaction between independent self and conflict type significantly predicted wise reasoning in Chinese culture. Based on this study, through the priming of different self types, Study 2-4 examined the individual’s wisdom reasoning differences in self or friend-conflict groups in Chinese culture. The results showed that the wise reasoning of the friend-group was significantly higher than that of the self-group when independent self was primed; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups when interdependent self was primed. Research suggests that the Solomon paradox may only exist in individuals with a high level of independent self and is not universal. Therefore, in addition to the issue of sample diversity, psychological research should pay more attention to researchers who use only Western samples and make inferences in an unreflective way. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in adolescents: Mediation and moderation analyses LIU Qingqi, ZHOU Zongkui, NIU Gengfeng, Fan Cuiying Acta Psychologica Sinica    2017, 49 (12): 1524-1536.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.01524 Abstract （15678）      PDF （852KB）（4664）       Knowledge map     Mobile phones have integrated into people’s daily lives. Proper mobile phone use would help individuals meet diverse needs in learning and shopping, as well as in recreation and communication. However, the problem that more and more people are getting addicted to mobile phones has been salient. Studies have revealed that mobile phone addiction would bring about significant adverse impacts on mental health such as depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation. Poor sleep quality is also one of the major undesirable outcomes of mobile phone addiction. Research documented that mobile phone addiction significantly predicted sleep quality, and sleep quality deteriorated with increasing level of mobile phone addiction. Prior studies have focused mainly on the direct association between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, however, little is known about the underlying mediating mechanism (i.e. how mobile phone addiction influences sleep quality) and moderating mechanism (i.e. when mobile phone addiction influences sleep quality). To address these gaps, the present study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality in adolescents since both the use rate of mobile phone and the occurrence rate of mobile phone addiction are very high among adolescents. Specifically, the present study would examine the mediating role of affect balance in the relation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality of adolescents, and test whether the direct effect and the indirect effect would be moderated by rumination and mindfulness. A sample of 1258 high school students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring their mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, affect balance, rumination and mindfulness. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and the SPSS macro PROCESS which was specifically developed for assessing the complex models including both mediators and moderators. The results were as followings: (1) After controlling for gender and grade, mobile phone addiction significantly exerted direct effect on sleep quality and indirect effect on sleep quality through the mediation of affect balance. (2) Both the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality and the indirect effect of affect balance were moderated by rumination, and these two effects were stronger in adolescents with high level of rumination. (3) Both the direct effect and the indirect effect of were moderated by mindfulness, and these two effects were weaker in adolescents with high level of mindfulness. The present study highlights the mediating role of affect balance and the moderating role of rumination and mindfulness in the effect of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effects as well as its paths and conditions of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality of adolescents. Moreover, it can also provide constructive suggestions for protecting and improving affect balance and sleep quality of adolescents in the mobile Internet era. Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of gender orientation of names on individuals’ evaluation of impressions and interpersonal interaction ZUO Bin, LIU Chen, WEN Fangfang, TAN Xiao, XIE Zhijie Acta Psychologica Sinica    2021, 53 (4): 387-399.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00387 Abstract （1116）   HTML （62）    PDF （269KB）（4644）       Knowledge map    Personal names have potential consequences for the way in which an individual is viewed and treated by others. This study examined the ratings of warmth and competence of gender-oriented names and explored the effects of individuals’ gender and name-gender orientation on impression formation and interpersonal interaction. The results showed that: (1) Feminine names were rated higher on warmth than masculine names, and masculine names were rated higher on competence than feminine names; (2) Individuals with gender-consistent names were considered to have the typical characteristics of their gender, and individuals with gender-inconsistent names were considered to have the characteristics of the opposite sex; (3) Participants intended to make friends with women whose names were consistent with their gender, and the perception of warmth completely mediated the effect of name-gender orientation on willingness to interact; (4) Participants preferred to finish difficult tasks with men whose names were consistent with their gender, and the perception of competence completely mediated the effect of name gender orientation on willingness to cooperate. Implications of these findings are discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of expectation on attention are dependent on whether expectation is on the target or on the distractor ZHOU Zinuan, CHEN Yanzhang, FU Shimin Acta Psychologica Sinica    2022, 54 (3): 221-235.   DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00221 Abstract （1305）   HTML （50）    PDF （360KB）（4554）       Knowledge map    Previous studies have shown that both expectation and attention mechanisms can promote perceptual behavior, but it is still controversial on how they interact together and it is unclear on the role of expected subject in their interaction. This research explores the different influences of target expectation and distractor expectation on spatial attention effect through four experiments, by using a paradigm combined spatial cueing and visual search. The results show that: (1) when a target is expected, expectation and attention influenced performance in an interactive way; (2) when a distractor is expected, expectation and attention influenced performance in an independent way; (3) when a target is expected, the change of task difficulty caused by increasing the number of stimuli doesn’t affect the relationship between expectation and attention. This shows that whether spatial expectation affects spatial attentional effect depends on the expected subject——when a target is expected, expectation and attention affect perceptual behavior interactively; when a distractor is expected, expectation and attention affect perceptual behavior independently. Moreover, the relationship between expectation and attention is not influenced by task difficulty. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics