母亲消极教养、同伴侵害与FKBP5基因对青少年抑郁的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01407

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

累积压力假说与匹配-不匹配假说均可解释远端和近端逆境对个体抑郁的影响, 但鲜有研究考察遗传基因在其中的调节作用。采用问卷法和DNA分型技术, 对970名青少年进行间隔3年的追踪调查。分别以母亲消极教养、同伴侵害为远端和近端压力指标, FKBP5基因多位点累加得分为遗传指标, 考察三者对青少年抑郁的交互作用及性别差异。结果发现, 在男青少年中, E × E × G显著。当累加得分较高、同伴侵害水平较高时, 母亲消极教养显著负向预测抑郁, 符合匹配-不匹配假说; 累加得分较低时, E × E不显著, 但倾向于以累积压力假说的方式发挥作用。女青少年中, E × E × G不显著。研究结果提示, 在男青少年中, 累积压力假说与匹配-不匹配假说均可阐明抑郁的发生机制, 分别适用于携带不同FKBP5基因多位点累加得分的个体。

关键词: 母亲消极教养, 同伴侵害, FKBP5基因, 青少年抑郁, 累积压力假说, 匹配-不匹配假说

Abstract:

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems during adolescence. Research has indicated that distal stress and proximal stress as well as their interaction are important predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. There are two different hypotheses — cumulative stress hypothesis and match-mismatch hypothesis — to understand the interaction between distal stress and proximal stress. It has been suggested that an individual’s genetic susceptibility may determine which of these two hypotheses is relevant, but very little empirical research has considered the impact of genetic predisposition on these issues. Furthermore, recent researchers have paid attention to the cumulative genetic score (CGS) of multiple loci rather than to single polymorphism. The present study was designed to extend prior research by exploring whether the interaction effects of distal maternal negative parenting and proximal peer victimization were consistent with the cumulative stress hypothesis or the match-mismatch hypothesis, for adolescents who carried higher or lower CGS of FKBP5 gene.
In this study, 970 adolescents (48.8% male) were followed from Grade 6 to Grade 9. At T1 (M_age = 12.31 years, SD = 0.47), adolescent depressive symptoms were assessed using Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Mothers reported their negative parenting via the Chinese version of Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR). At T2 (M_age = 15.32 years, SD = 0.47), saliva samples of adolescents were collected and genotyped for three FKBP5 gene polymorphisms. Peer victimization and depressive symptoms were tested using Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS) and CDI, respectively. A series of hierarchical regressions and internal replication analyses were conducted to test the three-way interaction among maternal negative parenting, peer victimization and CGS of FKBP5 on depressive symptoms, separately for male and female adolescents.
The results showed that, after T1 depressive symptoms were controlled for, maternal negative parenting, peer victimization and CGS had a significant three-way interaction on male adolescent depressive symptoms at T2. Specifically, among male adolescents who had higher CGS, maternal negative parenting negatively predicted depressive symptoms in the context of higher peer victimization, which fitted better with the match-mismatch hypothesis. The interaction between negative parenting and peer victimization was not significant among males with lower CGS, but showed a cumulative stress trend. The three-way interaction was not observed among females.
By examining the interaction effect of maternal negative parenting, peer victimization and CGS on depressive symptoms, the present study highlights the important role of individuals’ genetic susceptibility in understanding the distal and proximal stress interactions during adolescence. This underscores the complex environmental and multiple loci underpinnings of depressive symptoms and lends some support for both the cumulative stress and match-mismatch hypotheses on the etiology of depressive symptoms.

Key words: maternal negative parenting, peer victimization, FKBP5 gene, adolescent depressive symptoms, cumulative stress hypothesis, match-mismatch hypothesis

中图分类号:

B844
B845

田相娟, 曹衍淼, 张文新. (2020). 母亲消极教养、同伴侵害与FKBP5基因对青少年抑郁的影响. 心理学报, 52(12), 1407-1420.

TIAN Xiangjuan, CAO Yanmiao, ZHANG Wenxin. (2020). The influence of maternal negative parenting, peer victimization and FKBP5 gene on adolescent depressive symptoms. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(12), 1407-1420.

图/表 5

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被试特征	T1 (N = 2114)	T2 (N = 1823)	差异检验
性别(男生)	1092 (51.7%)	922 (50.6%)	c² = 0.46, df = 1, p = 0.50
年龄(岁)	12.31 ± 0.47	15.31 ± 0.47	t(3895) = -0.69, p = 0.99
SES	0	0.005	t(3935) = -0.69, p = 0.85

被试特征	T1 (N = 2114)	T2 (N = 1823)	差异检验
性别(男生)	1092 (51.7%)	922 (50.6%)	c² = 0.46, df = 1, p = 0.50
年龄(岁)	12.31 ± 0.47	15.31 ± 0.47	t(3895) = -0.69, p = 0.99
SES	0	0.005	t(3935) = -0.69, p = 0.85

变量	CGS	T1母亲消极教养	T2同伴侵害	T1抑郁	T2抑郁
CGS	1	0.002	0.002	0.04	0.03
T1母亲消极教养	-0.03	1	0.11^*	0.24^***	0.19^***
T2同伴侵害	0.04	0.15^**	1	0.24^***	0.39^***
T1抑郁	-0.01	0.12^**	0.34^***	1	0.48^***
T2抑郁	0.02	0.15^**	0.48^***	0.49^***	1
M	—	1.22/1.13	0.42/0.25	0.19/0.17	0.27/0.26
SD	—	0.44/0.43	0.45/0.35	0.22/0.19	0.26/0.25

变量	CGS	T1母亲消极教养	T2同伴侵害	T1抑郁	T2抑郁
CGS	1	0.002	0.002	0.04	0.03
T1母亲消极教养	-0.03	1	0.11^*	0.24^***	0.19^***
T2同伴侵害	0.04	0.15^**	1	0.24^***	0.39^***
T1抑郁	-0.01	0.12^**	0.34^***	1	0.48^***
T2抑郁	0.02	0.15^**	0.48^***	0.49^***	1
M	—	1.22/1.13	0.42/0.25	0.19/0.17	0.27/0.26
SD	—	0.44/0.43	0.45/0.35	0.22/0.19	0.26/0.25