抑郁倾向对合作的影响：双人同步近红外脑成像研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00609

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抑郁人群不但表现出注意、记忆等个体认知层面的负性偏向, 还伴随有明显的社会认知障碍。已有研究在抑郁对社会认知的影响方面还考察得不多。本研究采用囚徒困境范式考察抑郁倾向对社会合作的影响。结果显示, 高抑郁倾向组比低抑郁倾向组的合作率更低, 双侧背外侧前额叶的激活更弱, 抑郁对右侧背外侧前额叶及眶额叶的脑间同步性有调节作用; 低抑郁被试与低抑郁被试配对时右侧颞顶联合区脑间同步性强于高抑郁被试与高抑郁被试配对, 或者高抑郁被试与低抑郁被试配对时的右侧颞顶联合区脑间同步性, 该效应当且仅当双方的选择相同时显著。结果表明, 抑郁群体在社会奖赏加工、冲突控制及心理理论脑区均存在功能性缺陷, 这些结果为理解抑郁人群合作意愿下降提供了脑成像证据。

关键词: 抑郁, 脑间同步性, 合作, 眶额叶皮层, 背外侧前额叶, 颞顶联合区

Abstract:

Cooperation is a prosocial behavior that develops along with human social development. Cooperation involves brain activation of the reward system and enables people to form cooperative relationships so to pursuit social rewards and self-affirmation. Previous studies have shown that depressed patients have severe social dysfunctions, e.g., they have reduced willingness to cooperate and exhibited increased negative emotions during cooperation.
This study employed the prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) to investigate the effect of depression on social cooperation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique. A total of 156 participants were screened using Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition and allocated into three paired groups, i.e., low - low depressive tendency pairs (n = 26), low - high depressive tendency pairs (n = 26), and high - high depressive tendency pairs (n = 26). The fNIRS optrodes were placed at frontal and right temporoparietal junction of two participants, with 29 channels in each participant.
Behavioral and self-reported emotion ratings showed that compared to participants with low depressive tendency, the high depressive tendency group were less cooperative and less satisfied with their partner during the prisoner's dilemma task. The brain imaging results showed that, first, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was activated most significantly in the reciprocal cooperation condition, followed by the condition with self defection but opponent cooperation. Furthermore, the significantly increased neural activation in these two conditions could only be observed in the low depressive tendency group. This finding suggests that people with high depressive tendency have deficits in reward processing, especially for social reward processing. Second, the neural activation of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in participants with high depressive tendency was significantly weaker than that in participants with low depressive tendency. Depressive tendency had a significant modulation effect on inter-brain synchronization of the right dlPFC, i.e., the enhanced inter-brain synchronization induced by reciprocal cooperation could not be observed in participants with high depressive tendency. Third, the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) inter-brain synchronization in the low-low depressive tendency group was higher than that in the high-high and high-low depressive tendency groups. Furthermore, this effect was significant only if both participants in the PDG made the same choice (both cooperation or both defection).
The result of this study suggests that depressive population have dysfunctions in the brain regions involved in social reward processing (reflected by the OFC), conflict control (the dlPFC) and theory of mind (the right TPJ). Our findings provide experimental evidence to help understand the brain mechanism of decreased cooperation in depressed individuals, which further lays a foundation to improve social functions in depressed patients in clinical practice.

Key words: depression, inter-brain synchronization, cooperation, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction

中图分类号:

B845

张丹丹, 王驹, 赵君, 陈淑美, 黄琰淋, 高秋凤. (2020). 抑郁倾向对合作的影响：双人同步近红外脑成像研究. 心理学报, 52(5), 609-622.

ZHANG Dandan, WANG Ju, ZHAO Jun, CHEN Shumei, Huang Yanlin, GAO Qiufeng. (2020). Impact of depression on cooperation: An fNIRS hyperscanning study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(5), 609-622.

图/表 10

参考文献 56

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变量	低抑郁倾向 (n = 78)	高抑郁倾向 (n = 78)	统计结果
年龄	20.4 ± 1.4	20.6 ± 1.6	t(154) = -0.72, p = 0.470
性别, 男/女	40/38	39/39	χ²(1) = 0.03, p = 0.873
抑郁自评量表(SDS)	0.41 ± 0.06	0.55 ± 0.08	t(154) = -12.7, p < 0.001
特质焦虑量表(STAI-T)	21.7 ± 3.3	26.0 ± 3.5	t(154) = -1.06, p = 0.291

变量	低抑郁倾向 (n = 78)	高抑郁倾向 (n = 78)	统计结果
年龄	20.4 ± 1.4	20.6 ± 1.6	t(154) = -0.72, p = 0.470
性别, 男/女	40/38	39/39	χ²(1) = 0.03, p = 0.873
抑郁自评量表(SDS)	0.41 ± 0.06	0.55 ± 0.08	t(154) = -12.7, p < 0.001
特质焦虑量表(STAI-T)	21.7 ± 3.3	26.0 ± 3.5	t(154) = -1.06, p = 0.291

分组模型	模型参数	标准化回归系数(B)	t值的显著性 (p)
不分组	R² = 0.032	OFC = -0.064	0.499
(n = 156)	F(5,150) = 0.99	TPJ = 0.096	0.275
	p = 0.428	mPFC = -0.042	0.723
		left dlPFC = -0.094	0.337
		right dlPFC = -0.042	0.641
低抑郁倾向	R² = 0.025	OFC = -0.170	0.335
(n = 78)	F(5,72) = 0.365	TPJ = 0.085	0.486
	p = 0.871	mPFC = 0.109	0.628
		left dlPFC = -0.072	0.649
		right dlPFC = -0.003	0.982
高抑郁倾向	R² = 0.087	OFC = -0.033	0.790
(n = 78)	F(5,20) = 1.36	TPJ = 0.191	0.169
	p = 0.248	mPFC = -0.153	0.338
		left dlPFC = -0.136	0.307
		right dlPFC = -0.122	0.337

分组模型	模型参数	标准化回归系数(B)	t值的显著性 (p)
不分组	R² = 0.032	OFC = -0.064	0.499
(n = 156)	F(5,150) = 0.99	TPJ = 0.096	0.275
	p = 0.428	mPFC = -0.042	0.723
		left dlPFC = -0.094	0.337
		right dlPFC = -0.042	0.641
低抑郁倾向	R² = 0.025	OFC = -0.170	0.335
(n = 78)	F(5,72) = 0.365	TPJ = 0.085	0.486
	p = 0.871	mPFC = 0.109	0.628
		left dlPFC = -0.072	0.649
		right dlPFC = -0.003	0.982
高抑郁倾向	R² = 0.087	OFC = -0.033	0.790
(n = 78)	F(5,20) = 1.36	TPJ = 0.191	0.169
	p = 0.248	mPFC = -0.153	0.338
		left dlPFC = -0.136	0.307
		right dlPFC = -0.122	0.337

分组模型	模型参数	标准化回归系数(B)	t值的显著性 (p)
不分组	R² = 0.267	OFC = 0.327	0.004
(n = 78)	F(5,72) = 5.26	TPJ = 0.270	0.020
	p < 0.001	mPFC = 0.225	0.087
		left dlPFC = 0.365	0.007
		right dlPFC = 0.387	0.003
低-低抑郁倾向	R² = 0.653	OFC = 0.310	0.059
(n = 26)	F(5,20) = 7.53	TPJ = 0.440	0.008
	p < 0.001	mPFC = 0.038	0.857
		left dlPFC = 0.493	0.022
		right dlPFC = 0.874	0.000
高-低抑郁倾向	R² = 0.184	OFC = 0.258	0.285
(n = 26)	F(5,20) = 0.90	TPJ = 0.277	0.280
	p = 0.499	mPFC = 0.394	0.154
		left dlPFC = 0.307	0.279
		right dlPFC = 0.060	0.825
高-高抑郁倾向	R² = 0.376	OFC = 0.405	0.067
(n = 26)	F(5,20) = 2.41	TPJ = 0.205	0.345
	p = 0.073	mPFC = 0.055	0.812
		left dlPFC = 0.266	0.279
		right dlPFC = 0.162	0.493