Abstract: Decision-making under uncertainty is being widely concerned among economists and psychologists, yet they have different theories to explain people’s decision-making behavior. The paper reviewed some theories on decision-making by economists and psychologists，including expected utility theory, subjectively expected utility theory and prospect theory. It mainly introduced some relevant research under “ecological rationality” approach, and described several heuristics discovered, such as one-reason rule. It also discussed the relationship between heuristics and adaptation. At the end, the paper analyzed the current trend of the research

Key words: decision-making, adaptation, cognition