The relationship between family cohesion and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.2105

Abstract

Abstract:

Well-being is a crucial indicator of individual psychological well-being and represents a beautiful aspiration and eternal pursuit for humanity. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between family cohesion and well-being, yet they hold divergent perspectives and yield inconsistent findings. Attachment theory and basic psychological needs theory posited a positive correlation between family cohesion and well-being, whereas the circumplex model suggested that the linear relationship was not significant but rather exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern. Empirical findings reported correlation coefficients ranging from 0 to 0.73. Therefore, it is necessary to employ meta-analysis to synthesize prior research outcomes and analyze the reasons for these inconsistencies. In Chinese databases (CNKI Journal Database and Master’s/PhD Thesis Database), keywords such as “家庭亲密度” “家庭凝聚力” “家庭功能” or “家庭环境” were combined with “幸福” for searches. In English databases (Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Medline, EBSCO-ERIC, Elsevier SD, PsycINFO, PsycArticles), keywords “family cohesion,” “family environment,” “family function,” “family intimacy” were paired with “happiness” or “well-being” to retrieve literature containing these terms in their abstracts. A total of 42 studies were ultimately included (comprising 45 effect sizes, 31,427 participants, spanning 15 countries).

In the publication bias test, the funnel plot showed that effect sizes were concentrated in the upper part of the graph and evenly distributed on both sides of the total effect. The result of Egger's linear regression was not significant (intercept=-1.09, 95% CI [-4.63, 2.44], p=0.54). The p-curve test indicated that the curve presented a significant right skewness (Binomial test: p＜0.001; Continuous test: z=-37.99, p＜0.001), and 43 out of 44 p-values were below 0.025. These results suggest that there is no publication bias. The main effect test indicated that the overall correlation between family cohesion and well-being was 0.35 (95% CI [0.30, 0.40]). This finding supports the perspectives of Basic Psychological Needs Theory and Attachment Theory but contradicts the Circumplex Model, demonstrating a linear relationship between family cohesion and well-being. Families with higher levels of intimacy provide individuals with stable emotional support and a sense of belonging, thereby fulfilling their psychological needs and enhancing well-being. Moderator analyses indicated: (a) Significant moderating effect of well-being measurement tools. The highest effect size was found with ASWBS, while the lowest was with GWB. (b) Significant moderating effect of sampling year (b=0.01, 95% CI [0.004, 0.019]). Effect sizes increased with later sampling years. (c) Significant moderating effect of individualism index (b=-0.01, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.002]). Effect sizes decreased as individualism index increased. (d) Non-significant moderating effects for gender, age, family cohesion measurement tools, and research design.

This study preliminarily resolves debates among basic psychological needs theory, attachment theory, and the circumplex model, revealing a strong positive correlation between family cohesion and well-being. This indicates that family cohesion is a significant factor in well-being. The results suggest that enhancing well-being requires fostering emotional bonds and deep communication among family members, creating a supportive and understanding family environment, and cultivating a family ethos of respect and inclusivity. Additionally, the measurement of well-being influences its relationship with family cohesion. Therefore, selecting appropriate assessment tools is essential to accurately reflect its associations with other phenomena. Finally, sampling year and individualism index can impact the relationship between family cohesion and well-being. This underscores the need to consider the effects of social changes on family structures and the role of cultural values when seeking to enhance well-being. Mental health professionals and policymakers should design adaptable family support programs that integrate contemporary and cultural contexts. These initiatives should assist family members in establishing strong emotional bonds while respecting individual autonomy, thereby building more resilient family support systems and cultivating greater well-being.

Key words: family cohesion, family atmosphere, family environment, well-being, meta-analysis

CLC Number:

B849: C91

GU Yipeng, LIU Jinyuan, ZHANG Yali, LI Weihe. The relationship between family cohesion and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2025, 33(12): 2105-2120.

Figures/Tables 8

References 122

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问卷名称	第一作者	年份	题目数	维度	计分方式
FES	Moos	1981	9	单维度	2点计分(1~2)
FACES-II	Olson	1982	16	单维度	5点计分(1~5)
FACES-IV	Olson	2011	10	平衡的亲密度、失衡的亲密度	5点计分(1~5)

问卷名称	第一作者	年份	题目数	维度	计分方式
FES	Moos	1981	9	单维度	2点计分(1~2)
FACES-II	Olson	1982	16	单维度	5点计分(1~5)
FACES-IV	Olson	2011	10	平衡的亲密度、失衡的亲密度	5点计分(1~5)

研究	取样年份	取样地域	个体主义指数	r值	被试数	男性比	年龄	研究设计	质量评价	测量工具
研究	取样年份	取样地域	个体主义指数	r值	被试数	男性比	年龄	研究设计	质量评价	家庭亲密度	幸福感
Erus et al., 2024	2023	土耳其	46	0.41	308	0.14	大学生	纵向	高	其他	其他
李姗姗, 2024	2022	中国	43	0.42	960	0.49	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	PWB
秦懿昭等, 2024	2022	中国	43	0.54	250	0.53	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
王莹滟等, 2023	2021	中国	43	0.55	3965	0.48	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
杨芝琦, 2023	2021	中国	43	0.73	623	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	ASWBS
Galián & Ato, 2023	2021	西班牙	67	0.23	347	0.22	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	PWB
Raposo & Francisco, 2022	2021	葡萄牙	59	0.34	723	0.40	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Qi et al., 2023	2021	中国	43	0.25	612	0.37	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	其他
Qi et al., 2022	2020	中国	43	0.61	332	0.45	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	PWB
Chan, 2022	2020	中国	43	0.20	109	0.59	小学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Finkelstein & Grebelsky- Lichtman, 2022	2020	以色列	56	0.38	230	0.36	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Xiang et al., 2022	2020	中国	43	0.38	2784	0.43	中学生	横断	高	FES	SWB
Dost-Gözkan, 2021	2019	土耳其	46	0.56	1097	0.38	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Shah et al., 2021	2019	美国	60	0.36	481	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Seryjová Juhová et al., 2023	2019	捷克	70	0.12	2836	0.43	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
	2010	捷克	70	0.10	893	0.47	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
	1995	捷克	70	0.09	833	0.53	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
杨远远, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.31	1048	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
刘海燕, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.40	874	0.51	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
罗希, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.28	1518	0.62	中学生	横断	高	FES	GWB
史梦薇等, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.46	630	0.21	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
Fosco et al., 2020	2018	美国	60	0.29	151	0.38	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Fosco et al., 2012	1998	美国	60	0.27	792	0.51	中学生	纵向	高	其他	其他
魏秀蓉, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.47	978	0.50	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
殷蕾, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.48	335	0.46	中学生	横断	中	FACES-II	PWB
祝翠平, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.48	103	0.46	中学生	横断	中	FACES-II	ASWBS
肖长根, 肖景, 2018	2016	中国	43	0.27	320	0.48	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	GWB
柴志叶, 2017	2015	中国	43	0.45	576	0.59	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	PWB
Brajsa-Zganec et al., 2017	2015	克罗地亚	42	0.31	411	0.20	大学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Rahal & Fosco, 2024	2015	美国	60	0.53	150	0.39	中学生	横断	高	FES	PWB
孙蕊, 2016	2014	中国	43	0.32	437	0.37	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	SWB
王丽霞, 2016	2014	中国	43	0.16	456	0.33	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	SWB
刘洋, 许红芝, 2015	2013	中国	43	0.27	574	0.42	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	ASWBS
Turner, 2015	2013	南非	23	0.13	187	0.47	中学生	横断	中	其他	其他
李文华等, 2014	2012	中国	43	0.50	100	0.50	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	GWB
Boer & Abubakar, 2014	2012	肯尼亚等	无	0.15	760	0.38	大学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Hamama & Arazi, 2012	2010	以色列	56	0.26	111	0.51	小学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Krieger, 2011	2009	美国	60	0.52	234	0	大学生	横断	中	FACES-IV	其他
崔向军等, 2010	2008	中国	43	0.35	950	0.49	中学生	横断	中	FES	PWB
Crespo et al., 2011	2006	新西兰	69	0.35	713	0.51	中学生	纵向	高	FACES-II	PWB
杨绍清, 2006	2004	中国	43	0.35	223	0.48	中学生	横断	中	FES	其他
Manzi et al., 2006	2002	意大利	53	0.05	119	0.48	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Manzi et al., 2006	2002	英国	76	0.02	104	0.34	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
余小芳, 雷良忻, 2004	2002	中国	43	0.19	267	0.49	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	GWB
Rutledge et al., 1994	1992	美国	60	0.30	196	0.52	大学生	横断	高	FES	GWB

研究	取样年份	取样地域	个体主义指数	r值	被试数	男性比	年龄	研究设计	质量评价	测量工具
研究	取样年份	取样地域	个体主义指数	r值	被试数	男性比	年龄	研究设计	质量评价	家庭亲密度	幸福感
Erus et al., 2024	2023	土耳其	46	0.41	308	0.14	大学生	纵向	高	其他	其他
李姗姗, 2024	2022	中国	43	0.42	960	0.49	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	PWB
秦懿昭等, 2024	2022	中国	43	0.54	250	0.53	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
王莹滟等, 2023	2021	中国	43	0.55	3965	0.48	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
杨芝琦, 2023	2021	中国	43	0.73	623	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	ASWBS
Galián & Ato, 2023	2021	西班牙	67	0.23	347	0.22	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	PWB
Raposo & Francisco, 2022	2021	葡萄牙	59	0.34	723	0.40	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Qi et al., 2023	2021	中国	43	0.25	612	0.37	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	其他
Qi et al., 2022	2020	中国	43	0.61	332	0.45	大学生	横断	高	FACES-IV	PWB
Chan, 2022	2020	中国	43	0.20	109	0.59	小学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Finkelstein & Grebelsky- Lichtman, 2022	2020	以色列	56	0.38	230	0.36	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Xiang et al., 2022	2020	中国	43	0.38	2784	0.43	中学生	横断	高	FES	SWB
Dost-Gözkan, 2021	2019	土耳其	46	0.56	1097	0.38	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Shah et al., 2021	2019	美国	60	0.36	481	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Seryjová Juhová et al., 2023	2019	捷克	70	0.12	2836	0.43	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
	2010	捷克	70	0.10	893	0.47	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
	1995	捷克	70	0.09	833	0.53	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
杨远远, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.31	1048	0.51	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
刘海燕, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.40	874	0.51	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
罗希, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.28	1518	0.62	中学生	横断	高	FES	GWB
史梦薇等, 2020	2018	中国	43	0.46	630	0.21	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	其他
Fosco et al., 2020	2018	美国	60	0.29	151	0.38	中学生	横断	高	FES	其他
Fosco et al., 2012	1998	美国	60	0.27	792	0.51	中学生	纵向	高	其他	其他
魏秀蓉, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.47	978	0.50	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	其他
殷蕾, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.48	335	0.46	中学生	横断	中	FACES-II	PWB
祝翠平, 2019	2017	中国	43	0.48	103	0.46	中学生	横断	中	FACES-II	ASWBS
肖长根, 肖景, 2018	2016	中国	43	0.27	320	0.48	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	GWB
柴志叶, 2017	2015	中国	43	0.45	576	0.59	中学生	横断	高	FACES-II	PWB
Brajsa-Zganec et al., 2017	2015	克罗地亚	42	0.31	411	0.20	大学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Rahal & Fosco, 2024	2015	美国	60	0.53	150	0.39	中学生	横断	高	FES	PWB
孙蕊, 2016	2014	中国	43	0.32	437	0.37	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	SWB
王丽霞, 2016	2014	中国	43	0.16	456	0.33	大学生	横断	高	FACES-II	SWB
刘洋, 许红芝, 2015	2013	中国	43	0.27	574	0.42	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	ASWBS
Turner, 2015	2013	南非	23	0.13	187	0.47	中学生	横断	中	其他	其他
李文华等, 2014	2012	中国	43	0.50	100	0.50	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	GWB
Boer & Abubakar, 2014	2012	肯尼亚等	无	0.15	760	0.38	大学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Hamama & Arazi, 2012	2010	以色列	56	0.26	111	0.51	小学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Krieger, 2011	2009	美国	60	0.52	234	0	大学生	横断	中	FACES-IV	其他
崔向军等, 2010	2008	中国	43	0.35	950	0.49	中学生	横断	中	FES	PWB
Crespo et al., 2011	2006	新西兰	69	0.35	713	0.51	中学生	纵向	高	FACES-II	PWB
杨绍清, 2006	2004	中国	43	0.35	223	0.48	中学生	横断	中	FES	其他
Manzi et al., 2006	2002	意大利	53	0.05	119	0.48	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
Manzi et al., 2006	2002	英国	76	0.02	104	0.34	中学生	横断	高	其他	其他
余小芳, 雷良忻, 2004	2002	中国	43	0.19	267	0.49	大学生	横断	中	FACES-II	GWB
Rutledge et al., 1994	1992	美国	60	0.30	196	0.52	大学生	横断	高	FES	GWB

调节变量	异质性检验			类别	k	95%置信区间			双侧检验z
调节变量	Q	df	p	类别	k	估计值	下限	上限	双侧检验z
年龄阶段	0.02	1	0.90	大学生	17	0.35	0.29	0.42	9.56
年龄阶段	0.02	1	0.90	中学生	26	0.36	0.29	0.43	9.03
家庭亲密度测量工具	3.38	2	0.19	FACES-II	18	0.43	0.35	0.49	10.33
				FACES-IV	4	0.42	0.21	0.59	3.72
				FES	8	0.35	0.31	0.39	15.25
幸福感测量工具	9.11	3	0.03	ASWBS	3	0.52	0.10	0.78	2.39
				GWB	5	0.29	0.22	0.36	7.73
				PWB	8	0.43	0.36	0.50	10.45
				SWB	3	0.29	0.16	0.42	4.16
设计类型	0.13	1	0.72	横断	42	0.35	0.30	0.41	11.62
设计类型	0.13	1	0.72	纵向	3	0.34	0.26	0.41	8.03